Frequency of premenstrual syndrome in working women vs housewives in Peshawar

To find out the frequency of premenstrual syndrome [PMS] in working women Vs housewives/women working in their own houses in Peshawar. This prospective study was carried out at Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar in the year 1995-1996, on 200 women [100 working women and 100 house wives/women working in their own houses] meeting the criteria. Their daily prospective symptoms were recorded on a menstrual chart administered to them for three consecutive months. One housewife withdrew by the third month from the study because she got pregnant. Diagnostic and Statistical manual criteria [1994] was used for the diagnosis of PMS. In this study, 53% [53/100] of working women and 25.25% [25/99] of housewives had PMS. In working women the predominant symptoms were tension and irritability [45.28%] followed by fatigue [41.5%] and depression [39.62%] while in house wives fatigue was at the top i.e. 76%, followed by depression [52%] and anxiety [36%]. More severe symptoms occurred in 43.9% of working women and in 24% of house wives. About 69.8% [n=37/53] of working women and 16% [n=4/25] housewives/women working in their own houses were unmarried. Around 84.9% of working women and 84% of house wives had dysmenorrhea. Analgesics and antidepressants were the most commonly used drugs. The frequency and severity of PMS is more common in working women as compared to housewives, probably due to more stressful life

Abruptio placentae:Risk factors and perinatal outcome

To determine the risk factors and maternal and fetal outcome of placental abruption. This study was conducted in the department of Gynae/Obs PGMI LRH, Peshawar over a period of one year. Patients with abruption were confirmed by the presence of retroplacental clots or the depression of underlying placental tissues. All the details of the history, physical examination of women, investigations and particularly details of delivery, baby and postpartum period were recorded. During the study period of one year, 3291 deliveries were conducted and 151 cases of placental abruption were found, constituting the incidence ratio of 4.5%. Out of 151 cases, 80 patients [52.9%] were multigravida and 64 cases [42.3%] were multigravida. One hundred and eleven cases [73.5%] were more than 35 years of age. History of smoking and naswar was present in 4 cases [2.6%] and 7 cases [4.63%] respectively. Five cases [3.31%] had history of trauma. Twenty patients [13.2%] had history of chronic hypertension, 30 cases [19.86%] were diagnosed as preeclampsia and 5 cases [3.31%] had eclampsia. Anemia was present in 130 cases [86.07%]. Twenty six cases [17.2%] had more than 1500 ml of clots. Five cases [3.3%] had premature rupture of membranes. Seven patients [4.63%] had multiple pregnancies. Out of 158 babies delivered, 78 [49.36%] were alive and 80 [50.63%] were stillbirth. Forty six [29.1%] of the babies were low birth weight babies and 12 babies [7.59%] were having congenital anomalies. Common maternal complications were DIC in 25 cases [16.5%] and post partum hemorrhage in 22 [14.57%] cases. Two patients [1.32%] died of placental abruption. Abruptio placentae is common in women with advancing age, high parity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and smoking. Abruptio placentae is a major risk factor for maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality