Manejo de fractura de platillo tibial medial utilizando placas rim anteromedial y posteromedial / Management of Medial Tibial Plateau Fracture using Antero- and Posteromedial Rim Plates

INTRODUCCION En los últimos años, se ha descrito el uso de placas horizontales para la fijación de fracturas que comprometen el reborde articular de los platillos tibiales, lo que se conoce como placa rim. La mayoría de las publicaciones al respecto describen su uso en columnas posteriores y posterolaterales de los platillos tibiales, y a la fecha hay escasos reportes del uso de este tipo de placa en la columna anteromedial y ninguno para la posteromedial. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar dos casos clínicos de fracturas conminutas del platillo tibial medial mostrando su tratamiento con el uso de placas rim. CASOS CLINICOS El primer caso presentaba compromiso anteromedial y posteromedial, y el segundo, compromiso posteromedial. En ambos casos, se logró la reducción mediante un abordaje posteromedial y su fijación con placa bloqueada de 2,7 mm como placa rim. En cada caso, se detalló la estrategia de reducción y el manejo postoperatorio. RESULTADOS Ambos pacientes consiguieron la consolidación ósea entre las semanas 14 y 18 tras la osteosíntesis definitiva, sin presentar pérdidas de reducción. Ambos lograron rango de movilidad articular completo (0°­125°), y retornaron a sus trabajos a los 4 y 6 meses respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES Estas placas ofrecen una buena opción de tratamiento para fracturas articulares conminutas del borde del platillo tibial, tanto en la columna anteromedial como en la posteromedial. A pesar de la ausencia de grandes series de pacientes con uso de placas rim mediales, el resultado de los casos presentados aquí nos permite plantear su utilidad al momento de enfrentarnos a fracturas del reborde articular

INTRODUCTION In recent years, the use of horizontal plates has been described to achieve fixation of fractures that compromise the articular ridge of the tibial plateau; these plates are known as "rim plates." Most publications report their use in the posterior and posterolateral columns of the tibial plateau, and to date there are few reports of its use for the fixation of the anteromedial column and none for the posteromedial column. The objective of the present article is to report two clinical cases of comminuted fractures of the medial tibial plateau, showing their treatment with the use of medial rim plates. CLINICAL CASES The first case presented with an anteromedial and posteromedial tibial plateau fracture, and the second, a posteromedial fracture. In both cases, reduction was achieved through a posteromedial approach, and the fixation was performed with a 2.7-mm locked rim plate. The reduction strategy and postoperative management were detailed in each case. RESULTS Both patients achieved bone consolidation during the 14th and 18th weeks after the definitive osteosynthesis, without presenting loss of reduction. Both patients achieved full range of joint motion (0°­125°) and returned to work after four and six months respectively. CONCLUSION These plates offer a good treatment option for comminuted fractures of the rim of the tibial plateau, for both the anteromedial and posteromedial columns. Despite the absence of large series of patients with the use of medial rim plates, the results of the two cases herein presented enables us to propose it as a useful tool when dealing with fractures of the medial rim of the tibial plateau

INTRODUCTION In recent years, the use of horizontal plates has been described to achieve fixation of fractures that compromise the articular ridge of the tibial plateau; these plates are known as "rim plates." Most publications report their use in the posterior and posterolateral columns of the tibial plateau, and to date there are few reports of its use for the fixation of the anteromedial column and none for the posteromedial column. The objective of the present article is to report two clinical cases of comminuted fractures of the medial tibial plateau, showing their treatment with the use of medial rim plates. CLINICAL CASES The first case presented with an anteromedial and posteromedial tibial plateau fracture, and the second, a posteromedial fracture. In both cases, reduction was achieved through a posteromedial approach, and the fixation was performed with a 2.7-mm locked rim plate. The reduction strategy and postoperative management were detailed in each case. RESULTS Both patients achieved bone consolidation during the 14th and 18th weeks after the definitive osteosynthesis, without presenting loss of reduction. Both patients achieved full range of joint motion (0°­125°) and returned to work after four and six months respectively. CONCLUSION These plates offer a good treatment option for comminuted fractures of the rim of the tibial plateau, for both the anteromedial and posteromedial columns. Despite the absence of large series of patients with the use of medial rim plates, the results of the two cases herein presented enables us to propose it as a useful tool when dealing with fractures of the medial rim of the tibial plateau

Uso de placa malla en el manejo de fracturas conminutas de patela: reporte de caso / Use of mesh plate for the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures: case report

OBJETIVOS Describir la técnica quirúrgica para el uso de placa malla en un caso de fractura conminuta de patela y sus resultados en el seguimiento a mediano plazo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Presentamos un caso de fractura conminuta de patela manejada con el uso de una placa malla y un tornillo canulado asociado, evitando de esta forma la patelectomía parcial y sus posibles complicaciones. RESULTADOS El paciente presentó una evolución satisfactoria, con rango de movimiento de rodilla completo y en condiciones de alta laboral a los cuatro meses desde la cirugía, sin complicaciones ni reintervenciones. DISCUSIÓN El uso de placas malla permite el manejo de fracturas conminutas de patela preservando stock óseo y restaurando la indemnidad del aparato extensor, con una osteosíntesis estable y poco prominente. Casos en que antiguamente la única alternativa era la patelectomía parcial y reinserción del tendón patelar ahora tienen etas placas como opción de manejo. CONCLUSIÓN El uso de placas malla en fracturas conminutas de patela es una alternativa atractiva por la estabilidad que brindan, la capacidad de reservar stock óseo, y la baja tasa de reintervenciones

OBJETIVE To describe the surgical technique for the use of a mesh plate in a case of comminuted patellar fracture and the mid-term follow up outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a case of comminuted patella fracture managed with the use of a mesh plate and an associated cannulated screw, thus avoiding partial patellectomy and its possible complications. RESULTS Four months postoperatively, the patient presented full knee range of motion and could be discharged to return to work, with no complications or reinterventions. DISCUSSION The use of mesh plates enables the management of comminuted patellar fractures preserving bone stock and restoring the extensor mechanism with a stable and little prominent osteosynthesis. Cases which previously would only have been treated by partial patellectomy and patellar tendon reinsertion can be treated with these plates. CONCLUSION The use of mesh plates for comminuted patellar fractures is an attractive option due to their stability, their ability to preserve bone stock, and the low rates of reintervention.

Manejo de fracturas conminutas del polo distal de la patela con asas verticales de alambre: reporte de casos / Management of comminuted fractures of the distal pole of the patela with vertical wire loops: case report

INTRODUCCIÓN Las fracturas conminutas del polo distal de la patela representan un desafío para el cirujano de rodilla, pues no existe un tratamiento estándar que permita una rehabilitación acelerada. Recientemente se han descrito la osteosíntesis y la reinserción del polo distal utilizando asas de alambre verticales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Presentamos dos casos de fractura conminuta del polo distal de la patela resueltos con asas de alambre verticales y modificaciones de esta técnica. RESULTADOS Se realizó osteosíntesis del polo distal de la patela, y se logró una reducción radiográfica satisfactoria, lo que permitió una rehabilitación acelerada, con un rango de movilidad progresivo a tolerancia desde el día siguiente tras la cirugía. Los pacientes lograron recuperar el rango de movimiento completo a los dos y tres meses de operados, evolucionaron satisfactoriamente, sin complicaciones relacionadas a esta técnica y sus variaciones, y recibieron el alta médica tras cuatro meses de la reducción y osteosíntesis. DISCUSIÓN Las técnicas tradicionales para el manejo de fracturas del polo distal implican consideraciones especiales en la rehabilitación y complicaciones asociadas. Se utilizó la técnica de asas de alambres verticales en dos pacientes: en uno de ellos, el procedimiento fue complementado con sutura tipo Krackow; y, en el otro, con una placa para minifragmentos, lo que permitió una rehabilitación acelerada y retorno precoz a sus actividades laborales. CONCLUSIÓN El uso de asas de alambre vertical aparece como una técnica segura, que permite una rehabilitación acelerada y un reintegro laboral precoz.

INTRODUCTION Comminuted fractures of the distal pole of the patella represent a challenge for the knee surgeon, as there is no standard treatment that enables accelerated rehabilitation. Osteosynthesis and reattachment of the distal pole using vertical wire loops has recently been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS We herein present two cases of omminuted fracture of the distal pole of the patella resolved with vertical wire loops and modifications of this technique. RESULTS Osteosynthesis of the distal pole of the patella was performed, achieving a satisfactory radiographic reduction and enabling accelerated rehabilitation, with a progressive range of motion the day after the surgery. The patients achieved full range of motion two and three months after surgery. They progressed satisfactorily, without complications related to this technique and its variations, and were discharged four months after the reduction and osteosynthesis. DISCUSSION The traditional techniques for the management of distal pole fractures involve special considerations regarding rehabilitation and associated complications. The vertical wire loop technique was used in two patients: in one of them, it was supplemented with a Krackow suture; and, in the other, with a mini-fragment plate, which enabled accelerated rehabilitation and early return to work. CONCLUSION The use of vertical wire loops appears to be a safe technique, which enables accelerated rehabilitation and early return to work.