effect of aerobic and resistance exercises on hormonal changes in non- athlete students at Shiraz university, Southern Iran

Considering the effect of leptin and different hormones on energy homeostasis, metabolism and weight changes, the relationship between these variables and sport activities have been taken into consideration by researchers. This study was conducted to determine the effect of aerobic and resistance exercises [weight training] on hormonal changes of leptin, insulin, cortisol, thridotironine and thyroxin levels in non-athlete students at Shiraz University, southern Iran. Sixty non-athlete male students at Shiraz University were randomly divided into 3 groups of control, aerobic and resistance exercises. The exercise programs were continued for 8 weeks, 3 sessions each week. Participants were bled between 8 and 10 o'clock in the morning in a fasting state. Leptin, insulin, cortisol, thri-dotironin and Thyroxin levels of plasma were measured in 5 phases [before the beginning of exercise, at the end of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks of exercise]. In the aerobic group, the mean leptin and insulin levels decreased significantly during the 5 measurement phases but the cortisol and thyroxin levels increased significantly. In the resistance exercise group, there was a significant decrease in leptin and insulin levels. When the mean levels of cortisol, thridotironine and thyroxin increased, these changes were not significant. Exercise can change hormonal concentration of insulin, cortisol, growth hormone, catecholamine, testosterone, etc. and the metabolism of free fatty acids, lactic acid, triglyceride, etc and reduce the amount of adipose tissue and energy consumption

Factors affecting early and late extubation in liver transplant patients

Tracheal extubation is a critical stage and expensive practice in patients undergoing major operations such as liver transplantation. This study was carried out to determine factors affecting extubation time in liver transplant patients. From 2003 to 2006, all patients undergoing liver transplantation in Nemazee Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. All patients were anesthetized identically and the time of extubation was based on standard protocol of extubation. The patients were divided into two groups of extubated after admission in less [Group 1] and more than [Group 2] four hours. The effect of 19 pre and post operative factors on extubation was also evaluated. Two hundred patients [Group 1=121; Group 2=79] entered the study. A significant correlation was noticed for bleeding during operation, abnormal blood pressure more than 30 minutes at the end of surgery and duration of operation. A rise in extubation time was observed when duration of surgery increased. In ICU, 37 patients needed reintubation among them 23 were in Group 2 and 14 in Group 1. The most common causes of reintubation were insufficient oxygenation, repeated laparatomy and decrease in consciousness level. The mean days of ICU staying in early and late extubation groups were 4.16 and 6.04 days [p=0.001]. It seems that duration of surgery, bleeding during operation and an abnormal blood pressure may delay the time of extubation. An early extubation may result into a decrease in duration of ICU admission too