A decade of molecular diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II and III in Brazil: a pooled analysis of 32 patients

Abstract GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase is a hexameric complex formed by subunits α, β, and γ, where the first two are encoded by the GNPTAB gene and the third by the GNPTG gene. Pathogenic variants identified in the GNPTAB gene cause the diseases Mucolipidosis II and III alpha/beta, which are severe and characterized by an overflow of lysosomal hydrolases into the extracellular environment, and their absence in lysosomal compartments causes an accumulation of non-degraded macromolecules. Methodology: a retrospective study that included 32 unrelated Brazilian patients with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of Mucolipidosis II/III alpha/beta. The regional frequency of the altered alleles was determined. Results: The patients were from all regions of Brazil. The most prevalent variants were c.3503_3504del, associated with the severe form of the disease, and c.1208T>C, associated with the milder form. Variant c.3503_3504del is the most frequently found in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions of Brazil. In the South, 42.8% of the alleles present the c.1196C>T variant. Conclusions: From the perspective of all patients diagnosed with Mucolipidosis II/III in Brazil, it is possible to conclude that different regions present allelic frequencies of specific pathogenic variants, which can be explained by the occurrence of a founding effect or high inbreeding rates.

Percepções paternas quanto as suas expectativas sobre o futuro do filho com deficiência mental / Fathers' perceptions of their expectations about the future of children with mental disability

Objetivou-se desvelar as percepções paternas quanto as suas expectativas em relação ao futuro do filho com deficiência mental. A coleta de dados ocorreu a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, nos meses de agosto a novembro de 2011. Para tanto, a fenomenologia, sob a perspectiva hermenêutica de Heidegger, foi o referencial teórico escolhido. Mediante o alcance do fenômeno, participaram do estudo doze sujeitos, homens, pais de crianças com deficiência mental. Dos discursos, os temas que emergiram diante do fenômeno investigado foram: 'concebendo o futuro do filho a partir da notícia da deficiência', 'refletindo sobre o futuro no cotidiano', 'percebendo que a criança com deficiência tem seu próprio tempo de desenvolvimento', 'percebendo a dependência do filho' e 'tendo a esperança e a fé como futuro'. O nascimento da criança com deficiência permitiu ao pai uma reflexão diante do fato, ressignificando suas percepções e expectativas quanto ao seu ser-pai. Conclui-se que diante da experiência de ter um filho com deficiência vivenciada pelo pai, ser ouvido é um processo terapêutico, devendo ser uma intervenção proporcionada pelo profissional de saúde. Sugere-se, assim, a capacitação do profissional que presta assistência a essa população, para que seja proporcionado um melhor atendimento aos indivíduos que vivenciam essa experiência.

This study aimed to reveal the paternal perceptions about their expectations for the future of children with mental disability. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews from August to November 2011. Phenomenology, in the hermeneutic perspective of Heidegger, was the theoretical reference chosen. Reaching the phenomenon, twelve subjects participated in the study, men, fathers of children with mental disabilities. Themes emerged from the phenomenon investigated: 'designing the future of the child from the news of disability', 'reflecting about the future in daily life', 'realizing that the child with disability has his own development time', 'realizing the child ́s dependency' and 'having hope and faith as the future'. The birth of children with disabilities allowed the father reflect front the fact, giving new meaning to their perceptions and expectations about being a father. It is concluded that in face of having a child with disability experienced by the father, being heard is a therapeutic process and should be an intervention proportionate by a healthcare professional. It is therefore suggested the training of professionals who provide assistance to this population, so that better care be provided to individuals having this experience

Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, and VI: brief review and guidelines for treatment

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions.

Terapia de reposição enzimática para as mucopolissacaridoses I, II e VI: recomendações de um grupo de especialistas brasileiros / Enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidoses I, II and VI: recommendations from a group of Brazilian F experts

As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) são doenças genéticas raras causadas pela deficiência de enzimas lisossômicas específicas que afetam o catabolismo de glicosaminoglicanos (GAG). O acúmulo de GAG em vários órgãos e tecidos nos pacientes afetados pelas MPS resulta em uma série de sinais e sintomas, integrantes de um quadro clínico multissistêmico que compromete ossos e articulações, vias respiratórias, sistema cardiovascular e muitos outros órgãos e tecidos, incluindo, em alguns casos, as funções cognitivas. Já foram identificados 11 defeitos enzimáticos que causam sete tipos diferentes de MPS. Antes do advento de terapias dirigidas para a restauração da atividade da enzima deficiente, o tratamento das MPS tinha como principal foco a prevenção e o cuidado das complicações, aspecto ainda bastante importante no manejo desses pacientes. Na década de 80 foi proposto o tratamento das MPS com transplante de medula óssea/transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas (TMO/TCTH) e na década de 90 começou o desenvolvimento da Terapia de Reposição Enzimática (TRE), que se tornou uma realidade aprovada para uso clínico nas MPS I, II e VI na primeira década do século 21. Os autores deste trabalho têm a convicção de que um melhor futuro para os pacientes afetados pelas MPS depende da identificação, compreensão e manejo adequado das manifestações multissistêmicas dessas doenças, incluindo medidas de suporte (que devem fazer parte da assistência multidisciplinar regular destes pacientes) e terapias específicas...

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes that affect catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues in MPS patients results in a series of signs and symptoms, producing a multisystemic condition affecting bones and joints, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and many other organs and tissues, including in some cases, cognitive performance. So far, eleven enzyme defects that cause seven different types of MPS have been identified. Before introduction of therapies to restore deficient enzyme activity, treatment of MPS focused primnarily on prevention and care of complications, still a very important aspect in the management of these patients. In the 80's treatment of MPS with bone marrow transplantation/hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (BMT/HSCT) was proposed and in the 90's, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT),began to be developed and was approved for clinical use in MPS I, II and VI in the first decade of the 21st century. The authors of this paper are convinced that a better future for patients affected by mucopolysaccharidoses depends upon identifying, understanding and appropriately managing the multisystemic manifestations of these diseases. This includes the provision of support measures (which should be part of regular multidisciplinary care of these patients) and of specific therapies...

Investigação das causas de atraso no neurodesenvolvimento: recursos e desafios / Investigation of neurodevelopment delay etiology: resources and challenges

Com o objetivo de verificar o alcance da investigação de causas do retardo no desenvolvimento neuromotor (RDNM), apresenta-se a experiência no atendimento em Pediatria, Neurologia Infantil e Genética Clínica, em nível terciário, de 73 crianças de 1 a 47 meses, do Programa de Estimulação da APAE de Batatais-SP, entre 1999 e 2001. Utilizando-se método transversal, prospectivo, inicialmente identificaram-se 6 grupos, segundo a semiologia clínica dominante - distúrbios motores, dismorfias, desnutrição, macrocefalia, microcefalia e unicamente atraso motor. Analisando-se a proporção com que os antecedentes e exames contribuíram para o diagnóstico, nos grupos "distúrbios motores" e "macrocefalia" destacaram-se os exames de imagem; nos demais grupos, o exame físico na criança e antecedentes maternos. As causas do RDNM foram detectadas em 48 crianças (66 por cento), sendo de origem ambiental 38,4 por cento e genética 24,6 por cento. Ressalta-se a relevância da avaliação especializada e necessidade de fluxo adequado de informações na rede de saúde.