Current Use of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter and Related Complications during Cardiac Surgery in Japan : a Questionnaire Survey / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A recent fatal accident related to the use of the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) promoted us to conduct a questionnaire survey to assess the current use of the PAC and its complications during cardiac surgery. Methods : A 10-item questionnaire was distributed to all board-certified cardiovascular surgery centers in Japan. Five hundred thirty-two questionnaires were distributed and 325 (61.1%) were returned. Results : Seventy-two percents of hospitals used the PAC in more than 90% of cases, while only 17% used it less than 50% of the time. Indication of its use was not clearly determined in 52% of hospitals. Entrapment of the PAC was experienced in 28% of centers in the last 10 years, and its incidence was calculated as 0.07%. At a quarter of hospitals, checking for PAC to confirm absence of entrapment was not performed during the operation. Pulmonary artery rupture occurred at 22% of hospitals, and its incidence was 0.05%. Agreements on handling PAC to prevent cardiac injury or pulmonary artery rupture were not made in 24 and 56% of hospitals respectively. Conclusion : These data demonstrate that in many of the cardiac surgery centers in Japan, the PAC is still routinely used. Serious complications including catheter entrapment and pulmonary artery injury were encountered in a substantial number of patients. Development of guidelines for PAC during cardiac surgery to limit its use to patients with clear benefits and prevent related complications is warranted.

Stent Graft Implantation into a False Lumen of a Chronic Type B Aortic Dissection after Surgical Abdominal Aortic Fenestration / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 57-year-old man, who had suffered chest, back and right leg pain about 10 years before, underwent CT and was found a chronic type B aortic dissection with an enlarged false lumen and a narrowed true lumen that was occluded at the infrarenal abdominal aorta. A conventional surgical repair seemed to be too high risk considering his comorbidities, thus we chose a staged hybrid repair. First, surgical repair of the abdominal aorta with an abdominal aortic fenestration was performed. Then, one month after the first operation, zone 2 thoracic endovascular aortic repair with left carotid-axillary artery bypass was performed. At the second operation, the stent graft was purposely deployed from zone 2 into Th12 level of a false lumen through the fenestration followed by coil embolization of a true lumen just distal to the entry tear. The postoperative course was uneventful and he had no complications at 6 months follow-up. Deploying stent graft into a false lumen could be a feasible option in case deploying into a true lumen is not suitable if the anatomical condition permits.

Hybrid Aortic Repair for Visceral Aortic Patch Aneurysm after Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report a 48-year-old man who underwent hybrid aortic repair for visceral aortic patch (VAP) aneurysm. He had undergone descending thoracic aortic repair for post-dissection aneurysm at the age of 25, ascending aorta and proximal aortic arch aneurysm repair at the age of 27, and residual thoracoabdominal dissecting aortic aneurysm repair with VAP reconstruction at the age of 28. During 20 years of follow-up, the VAP gradually enlarged and eventually reached 70×61 mm in diameter. Considering a possible severe adhesion after 2 previous left thoracotomies, we planned a 2-staged hybrid aortic repair. First, we performed reno-visceral debranching and as a second stage operation, endovascular aortic repair was performed successfully 39 days after the first-stage operation.

Implantation of HeartMate II as a Bridge to Bridge from Biventricular Support / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>A 27-year-old man who presented with worsening dyspnea was transferred to our hospital due to congestive heart failure with multiple organ dysfunction. Echocardiogram showed severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and a huge thrombus in the left ventricle. An urgent operation was performed to remove the thrombus simultaneously with the placement of bilateral extracorporeal ventricular assist devices. After the operation, despite a rapid improvement in the liver function, renal dysfunction persisted and he remained anuric for nearly a month. We continued maximal circulatory support with biventricular assist device to optimize his end-organ function. His renal function gradually improved, allowing him to be registered as a heart transplant candidate on the 140th postoperative day. On the 146th postoperative day, the patient underwent successful removal of the right ventricular assist device, and the left extracorporeal device was replaced by an implantable device (HeartMate II). He was discharged 78 days after the implantation. We present here a case where adequate support with biventricular assist device enabled a successful bridge to transplantation even in a patient with end-stage heart failure having end-organ dysfunction.</p>

Surgical Treatment for Acute Pulmonary Embolism / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<b>Background</b> : Acute massive pulmonary embolism is a life-threatening disease. It is often treated with thrombolytic therapy, however, the mortality rates are unsatisfactorily high in patients who developed shock and subsequent cardiac arrest. Surgical pulmonary embolectomy is a last resort for patients with hemodynamic instability. We studied the outcomes of our patients who underwent pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism. <b>Methods</b> : Eight patients who underwent pulmonary embolectomy between January 2011 and December 2014 were studied. Our surgical indications were as follows. Patients who experienced cardiac arrest and treated with PCPS, and those in persistent vital shock, with contraindications of thrombolytic therapy, or with right heart floating thrombus. However, patients with ischemic encephalopathy or acute exacerbation of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and those who had already been treated with thrombolytic therapy were excluded. Preoperative ECMO was indicated for those in sustained shock. Pulmonary embolectomy was performed through median sternotomy and with cardiopulmonary bypass. After antegrade cardiac arrest, all clots were removed with forceps under direct vision through incisions in the bilateral main pulmonary arteries. IVC filter (Günther Tulip) was placed through the right atrial appendage. In our early cases, IVC filter (Neuhaus Protect) was placed after chest closure. Anticoagulation was not administered until hemostasis was achieved. <b>Results</b> : Seven patients underwent pulmonary embolectomy for massive pulmonary embolism, and in one patient pulmonary embolectomy was indicated for right heart floating thrombi although the pulmonary embolism was submassive. Three patients underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were treated with ECMO. Other 3 patients in sustained shock vital were electively treated with ECMO. The other patient developed cardiopulmonary arrest shortly after anesthetic induction and intubation, and suffered disturbance of consciousness postoperatively. All patients were successfully weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and underwent IVC filter placement (5 Neuhaus Protect, and 3 GProtec Tulip). One patient died due to a vascular complication associated with catheter insertion (retroperitoneal hematoma). No patients developed residual pulmonary hypertension. There were postoperative complications including pneumonia in 5 patients, tracheostomy in 2 patients, atrial fibrillation in 3 patients, and pericardial effusion in 1 patient. One patient who suffered disturbance of consciousness died 2.4 months after the surgery. Other patients had not developed any thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications during a median follow-up of 13.1 months. <b>Conclusions</b> : Pulmonary embolectomy is an effective treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism. We believe that our strategy is useful, consisting of preoperative hemodynamic stability by an institution of ECMO, complete removal of clots by bilateral main pulmonary incisions, and prevention of recurrence by IVC filter placement.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Right Ectopic Kidney / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) complicated by right ectopic kidney, in another term, congenital pelvic kidney. The patient underwent AAA repair and right renal artery reconstruction using renal perfusion with cold Ringer's acetate, and no deterioration of renal function was observed. 3D-CT was essential diagnostic procedure in order to identify the blood supply to the ectopic kidney for planning a careful surgical technique.