ABSTRACT
Objective To design a new correction device for elbow deformity with active orthopedic force based on Ilizarov technique, and discuss its curative effect on elbow orthotics in clinic. Methods A total of 44 patients with elbow joint dysfunction were randomly divided into treatment group (n=22) and control group (n=22), and treated with new deformity orthotic device and continuous positive motion, respectively. The functional recovery of the elbow joint for patients in two groups was evaluated after 3-month treatment. Results The range of motion (ROM) of elbow flexion-extension in treatment group was significantly larger than that in control group, and the effective rate for treatment group and control group was 90.91% and 81.82%, respectively. Conclusions The use of such correction device for elbow deformity showed good curative effect for treating elbow joint dysfunction, which is worth popularization and application in clinic．
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of administration of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the regulation of body weight and fat accumulation in rats, and evaluate the therapeutic effect of CPZ on neuropathic obesity. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8), namely, control group (without giving any treatment),group A (performed intra-NAc injection of 1 nmol/mL CPZ),group B (performed intra-NAc injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ),group C (performed injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ via the areas adjacent to NAc) and group D (performed injection of 10 nmol/mL CPZ via the dorsal striatum); rats of the later 4 groups were given 1 μL CPZ daily for a consecutive 3 d.The body weight of rats from different treatment groups 1 and 3 weeks after the injection was measured and compared them to that of the control group.Then,the animals were sacrificed,the body fat content of each group was evaluated. Results The body weight in rats of group A 1 week after the injection increased (126.31± 10.25)％ as compared with their original weight, and that in rats of control group increased (148.78±6.98)％ as compared with their original weight, which showed significant difference between the 2 increment (P＜0.05); the body weight in rats of group B 1 week after the injection increased (115.87± 13.90)％ as compared with their original weight, which showed significant decrease as compared with that in the control group (P＜0.05); The body weight in rats of group B 3 week after the injection increased (132.82±15.8)％ as compared with their original weight, and that in rats of control group increased (164.86±6.34)％ as compared with their original weight,which showed significant difference between the 2 increment (P＜0.05).Furthermore,the body fat content in group B was significantly lower than that of other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Blockade of NAc TRPV1 receptor by CPZ has significant inhibitory central adjusting effect on body weight and fat content in rats; and TRPV1 antagonist may potentially serve as a specific drug for neuropathic obesity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the radiological characteristics of brain stem cavernous malformations and their micro-neurosurgical treatment outcomes.Methods A retrospective analysis of radiological characteristics and micro-neurosurgical treatment outcome of 15 patients with brain stem cavernous malformations,admitted to our hospital from May 2006 to September 2011,was performed.Results Distinctive features of patients with brain stem cavernous malformations were noted under MRI,showing mulberry-like or Lattice-shaped structures; low signal ring was noted around the tumors;T2WI enjoyed the most obvious signal,indicating remote hemorrhage resulted from hemosiderin deposition.All patients underwent entire resection of brainstem cavernous malformations except for one patient sub-entire resection.One week after the operation,the neurological status was improved in 12 patients,remained unchanged in 2 patients,and aggravated in 1 patient.Three months after the operation,the neurological status was improved in 13 patients and remained unchanged in 2 patients.Among the 12 patients undergone follow-up 12 months after operation,the neurological status was improved in 11 patients and remained unchanged in 1 patient.Conclusion MRI is reliable in the diagnosis of brainstem cavernous malformations; the position and size of cavernous hemangioma could be displayed clearly; micro-neurosurgical treatment can provide good outcome for patients with symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the protective effect of gypenoside (GP) on oxidative damage of the white matter in rats after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and on its alterations of cognitive function.Methods A total of 57 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups:sham-operated group (n=12),vehicle group (n=15),200 mg/kg GP treatment group (n=15) and 400 mg/kg GP treatment group (n=15); chronic cerebral hypo-peffused models in the later 3 groups were established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO).The dosage volume of all groups was 10 mL/kg; 3 h after the surgery,all rats orally received the initial administration of 400 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg GP dissolved in saline solution or matched volume of normal saline daily for a consecutive 33 d according to the above-mentioned experimental plan.Spatial learning and memory were assessed using Morris water maze test.Following behavioral tests,the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and changes of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the corpus callosum and optic tracts were measured by ELISA.The oxidative central nerve cell damages were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).Results Rats of the 400 mg/kg GP treatment group spent significantly fewer time in finding the platform,but significantly longer time spending in the platform region as compared with those of the vehicle group (P＜0.05).As compared with those in rats of the sham-operated group,the SOD activity was markedly reduced and MDA content was significantly increased in rats of the vehicle group (P＜0.05).Rats of the 400 mg/kg GP treatment group had decreased MDA content,increased SOD activity and decreased 8-OHdG level as compared with rats of the vehicle group (P＜0.05); however,200 mg/kg GP treatment group had no such significant effects as compared with those of the vehicle group (P＞0.05).Conclusion GP can ameliorate the oxidative damage in the corpus callosum and optic tract of rats after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,indicating that GP may have therapeutic potential for treating dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; however,the related mechanisms for its alteration of cognitive function needs further research.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We wanted to evaluate the clinical value of intraoperative ultrasonography for real-time guidance when performing microneurosurgical resection of small subcortical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with small subcortical lesions were involved in this study. The pathological diagnoses were cavernous hemangioma in 25 cases, cerebral glioma in eight cases, abscess in eight cases, small inflammatory lesion in five cases, brain parasite infection in four cases and the presence of an intracranial foreign body in two cases. An ultrasonic probe was sterilized and lightly placed on the surface of the brain during the operation. The location, extent, characteristics and adjacent tissue of the lesion were observed by high frequency ultrasonography during the operation. RESULTS: All the lesions were located in the cortex and their mean size was 1.3 +/- 0.2 cm. Intraoperative ultrasonography accurately located all the small subcortical lesions, and so the neurosurgeon could provide appropriate treatment. Different lesion pathologies presented with different ultrasonic appearances. Cavernous hemangioma exhibited irregular shapes with distinct margins and it was mildly hyperechoic or hyperechoic. The majority of the cerebral gliomas displayed irregular shapes with indistinct margins, and they often showed cystic and solid mixed echoes. Postoperative imaging identified that the lesions had completely disappeared, and the original symptoms of all the patients were significantly alleviated. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative ultrasonography can help accurately locate small subcortical lesions and it is helpful for selecting the proper approach and guiding thorough resection of these lesions.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brain Diseases/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Glioma/surgery , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/surgery , Microsurgery , Ultrasonography, InterventionalABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of chlorpromazine on neocortical high-voltage spindles(HVSs)and facial twitching in freely moving normal adult rats.Methods Continuous video,neocortical electroencephalogram(EEG)and facial electromyography(EMG)were recorded simultaneously for at least 6 h in freely moving rats.The number and mean duration of HVSs,and the facial muscular activity were analyzed after administration of chlorpromazine.Results HVSs spontaneously appeared in behavioral waking-immobility rats with accidental hyperspasmia.After rats being administrated with chlorpromazine at a dose of 1.5(mg/kg)and 3.0(mg/kg),the facial rhythmic muscular activity increased,the duration of rhythmic muscular activity prolonged,the number of HVSs increased and the mean duration of HVSs prolonged.Conclusion Chlorpromazine could enhance the physiological HVSs and facial twitching,indicating that the side effect at the extrapyramidal system of antipsychotic maybe relate to HVSs and dopamine receptor may contribute to the regulation of HVSs.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiorespiratory support of 100 patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of the medical files of 100 patients submitted to the implant of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system for cardiorespiratory assistance of acute and refractory cardiogenic shock from December 2004 to September 2008. There were 67 males and 33 females, age ranged from 5 d to 76 years with a mean of (28+/-26) years, body mass ranged from 3.8 to 100.0 kg with a mean of (42+/-30) kg. The inter-surface of the ECMO equipment system was completely coated by heparin-coating technique. All patients were applied veno-artery ECMO and activated clotting time was maintained between 120 and 180 s and heparin usage dose was 5 to 20 Uxkg(-1)xh(-1). Mean blood flow was 40 to 220 mlxkg(-1)min(-1) during ECMO assistant period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The shortest ECMO time was 12 to 504 h with a mean of (119+/-80) h. Sixty-one patients (61.0%) weaned off successfully from ECMO, 55 of them (90.2%) were discharged and 6 died of post-operative complications. Thirty-nine patients could not weaned off from ECMO. Total survival discharge rate was 55.0%. Mean aortic pressure before ECMO in survived patients was significantly higher than that of dead patients (P=0.038). Lactic acid concentration of artery blood before ECMO in survived patients was significantly lower than that of dead patients (P=0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ECMO is an effective mechanical assistant therapy method for cardiac and pulmonary failure after cardiac surgery. Earlier usage of ECMO for heart lung failure patient and avoiding the main organs from un-recovery trauma are key success.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Heart Failure , Therapeutics , Respiratory Insufficiency , Therapeutics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To explore the protective effect of gypenosides (GPs) on primarily cultured mesencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in embryonic rats. Methods Ventral mesencephalic neurons were primarily cultured in the presence of GPs at the concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/ml, with culture medium as the blank control and nerve growth factor (NGF) as the positive control. At 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the cells were observed under inverted microscope and the cell viability was assessed using MTT assay to optimize the concentration of GPs and culture time. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the 3 groups was detected by immunocytochemical staining. In the cells with or without GPs pretreatment, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was added, and the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytomertry and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) observed by immunocytochemical staining. Results MTT assay showed that incubation of the cells with 400 μg/mL GPs for 48 h resulted in the highest cell viability, which was uncomparable with that cell incubated in the presence of NGF (P>0.05). Immunocytochemistry demonstrated a significant increase in TH-positive neurons in GPs and NGF groups as compared with those in the blank control group (P<0.05). In the cells with 400 μg/ml GPs pretreatment, iNOS expression and cell apoptosis rates, as shown by immunocytochemistry and flow cytomertry, were significantly higher than those in the blank control group, but is still obviously lower than those in MPTP-treated cells without GPs pretreatment (P<0.05). Conclusion GPs may offer protective effect on primarily cultured DA neurons from embryonic rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the value of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system in the early diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) through observing the primary regularity of the electrical impedance changes in SAH animal models as well as the possible mechanism of this regularity. Methods The experimental SAH models in piglets were intmduced by one-time injection of fresh autologous blood into the cisterna magna. We observed the changes of the two-dimensional imaging with EIT system used for cominual dynamic monitoring to the models.Results The models were successfully introduced in 8 piglets.In the forepan of the injection,resistivity configuration decreased at the anterior region of the head as well as the posterior of that. At the time of finishing injection,the resistivity configuration reached the negative max value.After injection,resistivity configuration at the anterior region of the head gradually came back. But the resistivity configuration at the posterior region of the head increased persistenny. Conclusions Althouth the configuration of human head is so complex that limits the application of EIT on the head,it does have certain sensitivity in the diagnosis of SAH and can localize the hemorrhage site, so EIT may be applied widely in early diagnosis and assistant treatment of SAH in clinical.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of taurine (Tau) on early changes of excitatory amino acids (EAA) in hippocampus rabbit brain due to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Tau 150 mg/kg group (group I, n = 8), control group (group II, n = 8). Cardiac pulmonary bypass (CPB) was set up after cerebral microdialysis model was established. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to monitor the continuous changes of glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), Tau and glycine (Gly) in the hippocampus CA1 region at anaesthesia periods, CPB stage, pre 30 minutes in DHCA, post 30 minutes in DHCA, pre 30 minutes in rewarming, post 30 minutes in rewarming.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The increase of Glu in group II was (5.1 +/- 1.5) and (4.1 +/- 1.4) times higher than that at anaesthesia periods (t = 3.74, 5.45, P < 0.01), and the increase of Glu in group I was (2.1 +/- 1.5) and (1.1 +/- 0.4) times than that at anaesthesia periods at pre 30 minutes and post 30 minutes rewarming stage respectively. Rising of Gly in group II was 6.7 (3.6, 13.6) times than that at anaesthesia periods (T = 75.00, P < 0.05), the rising of Gly in group I was 4.2 (3.8, 11.5) times at post 30 minutes in DHCA. Rising of Tau in group I was 6.9 (3.0, 14.2) and 10.6 (2.8, 22.5) times than that at anaesthesia periods (T = 75.00, P < 0.05 and T = 90.00, P < 0.05) and rising of Tau in group II was 4.0 (3.0, 5.7) and 3.2 (1.2, 7.6) times than that at anaesthesia periods at post 30 minutes in DHCA and pre 30 minutes rewarming stage respectively. Asp was no evident change at every periods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DHCA might increase the excitatory amino acids in the early phases of circulatory restoration. Exterior Tau 150 mg/kg could inhibit release of EAA.</p>