ABSTRACT
We report a rare instance of nine foreign bodies in a neonate that included a coin, safety pin, screw, cotton piece, polythene piece, and four glass pieces. Of these, six foreign bodies were removed by esophagoscopy and endoscopy, two glass pieces were passed in feces and one could not be removed. The child died 5 days after admission.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse , Crime , Esophagoscopy , Esophagus/injuries , Fatal Outcome , Female , Foreign Bodies/complications , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Drug resistant tubercular osteomyelitis of small bones of foot is not reported frequently. The case described here had isoniazid resistant tuberculous osteomyelitis of small bones of foot. The probable mechanism was endogenous reactivation of previously disseminated foci of drug resistant bacilli from the primary site in the lung.
Subject(s)
Adult , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Tarsal Bones/microbiology , Treatment Failure , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/drug therapyABSTRACT
The effects of newly synthesized antiallergic hexapeptide 95/220 was investigated on various allergic and asthmatic test models. This newly developed peptide was found to be more potent than clinically used drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). Hexapeptide 95/220 inhibited immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and mast cell degranulation in rats, antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in actively sensitized guinea pigs in dose dependent manner like DSCG. Antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum was also markedly inhibited by this newly developed hexapeptide in the same fashion as ketotifen and DSCG did but at comparatively lower dose. Egg albumin-induced histamine release was also blocked by this hexapeptide from chopped lung tissues of sensitized guinea pigs. These results suggest that hexapeptide' 95/220 has potent inhibitory effect on immediate hypersensitivity reactions thereby inhibiting mediator release from mast cell. Moreover, this newly synthesized peptide is orally active and effective at lower doses as compared to standard drugs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/pharmacology , Bronchoconstriction/drug effects , Cetirizine/pharmacology , Cromolyn Sodium/pharmacology , Guinea Pigs , Histamine Release/drug effects , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/prevention & control , Ketotifen/pharmacology , Lung/drug effects , Male , Mast Cells/drug effects , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
The cultured mouse mast cells that are dependent on spleen-derived factor for their proliferation and maintenance and have been shown to be similar to mucosal mast cells in terms of their T-cell dependence and histochemical staining characteristics. Mast cell heterogeneity has been confirmed by functional characterization of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (MBMMC) and mouse peritoneal mast cells (MPMCs). MPMCs released around 30% of histamine when stimulated with compound 48/80 whereas MBMMC were almost unresponsive to the same stimulus. Calcium Ionophore A23187 on the other hand, released histamine in dose-dependent manner from MBMMC. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of antiallergic drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a synthetic cromone and quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid on Ca ionophore A23187 induced histamine release from MBMMC. MBMMCs were almost unresponsive to DSCG whereas Ca Ionophore induced histamine release was blocked by Quercetin. The results indicate that response of mast cells at one anatomic site to a given stimulus does not necessarily predict the response of mast cells at a different anatomic location to the same stimulus. It shows functional heterogeneity within a single species. So, it cannot be assumed that antiallergic compounds stabilizing mast cells in one tissue site or organ will be equally efficacious against mast cells in other sites.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Calcimycin/pharmacology , Cromolyn Sodium/pharmacology , Histamine Release/drug effects , Male , Mast Cells/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Peritoneal Cavity/cytology , Quercetin/pharmacology , p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Morbidity and mortality due to asthma continue to increase worldwide. One of the reasons is an inadequate patient awareness regarding the disease and its treatment. One thousand four hundred patients with reversible airflow obstruction due to bronchial asthma were included in this study and assigned to one of the four groups depending on whom they had consulted before. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire which included questions regarding the disease, its course, understanding of treatment schedules, correct use of inhaler devices, use of peak flow meter and when to take emergency actions. The awareness regarding the disease, avoidance of trigger factors, treatment adherence, and correct use of inhaler devices was found to be greater in patients who had received initial treatment from a qualified physician and was best among those treated at the Institute level. The use of peak flow meter by the patients for objective assessment of asthma and the awareness regarding use of emergency care services was found to be poor among all the groups. To improve patient awareness and quality of asthma care delivery, private practitioners as well as Institute doctors must be included in continuing medical education programmes and various methods of communications with patients should be used along with separate clinics for asthma at the Institute level.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Asthma/etiology , Awareness , Emergency Medical Services , Humans , Middle Aged , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Patient Compliance , Patient Education as TopicABSTRACT
Alcoholic extract of root of Inula racemosa, was studied for its antiallergic effect in experimental models of type I hypersensitivity, viz. egg albumin induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and mast cell degranulation in albino rats. The alcoholic extract was prepared by the process of continuous heat extraction. LD50 of this extract was found to be 2100 +/- 60 mg/kg, i.p. Assessment of protection against egg albumin induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxix by different doses of Inula racemosa was done by giving drug intraperitoneally or orally for seven days or once only. Mast cell degranulation studies were done by using compound 48/80 as degranulation agent with same dosage schedule. Inula racemosa (i.p. as well as p.o.) showed significant protection against egg albumin induced PCA. Protection against compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation by alcoholic extract of Inula racemosa (single dose) was similar to that of disodium cromoglycate. The seven days drug treatment schedule showed greater protection than disodium cromoglycate intraperitoneally. The results suggest that Inula racemosa possesses potent antiallergic properties in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/chemically induced , Inula , Inulin/therapeutic use , Male , Mast Cells/pathology , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Rats , p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine/pharmacologySubject(s)
Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Personnel/education , Humans , Immunization , India , MaleABSTRACT
Compound 88-765 (4-amino-6-methylthio-1-(2', 2'-diethoxyethyl)-1 H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidine) has shown potent antiallergic activity in experimental models. The compound inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in rats in dose-dependent manner (5-100 mg/kg, po) by 47 to 87%. In mice it inhibited PCA by 78% at 50 mg/kg, po. It also inhibited mast cell degranulation of normal and passively sensitised rats induced by compound 48/80 and egg albumin, respectively. These effects of Compound 88-765 were comparable with that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The results suggest that compound 88-765 possesses potent antiallergic activity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology , Cromolyn Sodium/pharmacology , Male , Mast Cells/drug effects , Mice , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis/drug effects , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , RatsABSTRACT
Ingestion of peroxidized oil under hypercholesterolemic dietary conditions resulted in a number of biochemical and pathological changes in rabbits. Total lipids, cholesterol and glyceride levels of plasma, liver and aorta were significantly higher in peroxidized oil fed rabbits, compared to the ones receiving normal oil. The degree of atherosclerosis and the severity of histopathological changes were significantly higher in rabbits fed with peroxidized oil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta/pathology , Arachis , Arteriosclerosis/blood , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Lipid Peroxidation , Lipids/analysis , Liver/chemistry , Male , Muscles/pathology , Plant Oils/administration & dosage , RabbitsABSTRACT
Intracerebroventricularly administered dopamine produced dose dependent hyperthermia in rabbits. Haloperidol, a D1 receptor blocker produced consistent hypothermia, whereas D2 receptor blocker metoclopramide produced hyperthermia, pretreatment with haloperidol competitively blocked the hyperthermic response of dopamine. Pretreatment with metoclopramide augmented the onset and peak response of dopamine. It is suggested that D1 receptors are involved in producing hyperthermia and D2 receptors in hypothermia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Female , Haloperidol/pharmacology , Male , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Rabbits , Receptors, Dopamine/physiologyABSTRACT
Bengal gram seed coat appeared to be a potent hypocholesterolemic/hypolipidemic agent in rabbits. When fed to hypercholesterolemic rabbits, it lowered hepatic cholesterol/lipid much more than in the control group. Aortic lipid levels were rather marginally increased but the increase was less in Bengal gram seed coat fed rabbits. Though seed coat of Bengal gram failed to prevent the development of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, but certainly it slowed down the process of its development. The hypocholesterolemic action of Bengal gram seed coat appeared to be due to the increased catabolism and excretion of cholesterol.
Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida , Animals , Arteriosclerosis/diet therapy , Cholesterol/metabolism , Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage , Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/diet therapy , Lipid Metabolism , Male , Rabbits , SeedsABSTRACT
Feeding of cholesterol-rich diet in male rabbits resulted in increased levels of cholesterol in plasma, aorta and liver and total lipids, phospholipids, free fatty acids in aorta and liver. Garlic supplementation to this diet suppressed these effects but their levels were still higher as compared to control rabbits. The plasma fibrinolytic activity which was decreased on cholesterol feeding was considerably increased when this diet was supplemented with garlic. There was increase in the activity of phospholipase in the cell-free supernatant of aorta and liver and decrease in the activity of cell-free supernatant NADH dehydrogenase of aorta when atherogenic diet was supplemented with garlic. Histopathological studies of aorta, liver and heart supported biochemical studies and indicated retardative effect of garlic on the development of atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Arteriosclerosis/prevention & control , Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage , Garlic , Male , Plants, Medicinal , RabbitsABSTRACT
Feeding of cholesterol-rich diet to male rabbits increases collagen biosynthesis and accumulation in aorta, liver, kidney, heart and lungs. However, when garlic supplemented atherogenic diet was fed to the animals, the above effects were partially suppressed particularly in the aorta. Cholesterol content of plasma, aorta and liver, which was tremendously increased on atherogenic diet, was suppressed when garlic was included in this diet. It is suggested that garlic possibly reduced the accumulation of collagen through more mobilisation of lipids and/or decreased biosynthesis and maturation of collagen. Histopathological studies also supported this view.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aorta/metabolism , Arteriosclerosis , Cholesterol/blood , Collagen/biosynthesis , Diet, Atherogenic , Garlic , Hydroxyproline/analysis , Liver/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Male , Plants, Medicinal , RabbitsABSTRACT
Single oral doses of 10 to 160 mg centpropazine, a new antidepressant (synthesized by CDRI, Lucknow, India) were administered to groups of 4-5 male volunteers, each dose being interspersed with placebo in a double blind, non-crossover study by random distribution. The drug was well tolerated. Drowsiness, heaviness, weakness and/or headache were reported only at doses of 120 mg and above. No adverse effect was noted in various laboratory tests, ECG or vital parameters. In a multiple dose study, volunteers received 40 or 80 mg centpropazine daily for 4 wk. Mild restlessness and insomnia were observed in some subjects receiving 80 mg dose. In this study also no effect was observed in various laboratory tests, ECG or vital parameters.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Drug Evaluation , Drug Tolerance , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Piperazines , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of methyldopa induced body temperature changes in the rabbits. The dose of 100 micrograms/kg did not produce any significant change on body temperature whereas 250 micrograms/kg of the drug induced hyperthermia. Higher dose of 500 micrograms/kg produced initial hypothermia which was followed by hyperthermia. On further increase of the dose to 1 mg/kg, consistent hypothermia was evident. Prazosin, a specific post-synaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptor blocker, induced hypothermia whereas piperoxan (presynaptic alpha 2 antagonist) produced hyperthermia. The pretreatment with prazosin, blocked the hyperthermic response of methyldopa. The initial hypothermia by 500 micrograms/kg of methyldopa was also potentiated. The pretreatment with piperoxan completely blocked the hypothermia but had no effect on hyperthermic response of methyldopa. Pretreatment of rabbits with both prazosin and piperoxan completely blocked the hypothermia as well as hyperthermic response of methyldopa. Thus it appeared that both presynaptic alpha 2 and postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptors are involved in central thermoregulation in rabbits.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Body Temperature/drug effects , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Female , Male , Methyldopa/pharmacology , Piperoxan/pharmacology , Prazosin/pharmacology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/analysisABSTRACT
Maternal Serum Alphafeto Protein (AFP) levels were measured in maternal serum of normal pregnancy & pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) by using M-partigen immuno diffusion plates. A total of 80 cases (30 normal pregnancy and 50 of PIH) were taken for study. AFP levels were significantly lower in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies as compared to normal pregnancy. Strong positive correlation between gestational age and maternal AFP levels was observed in normal pregnancy. While in PIH no significant positive or negative relationship was found. Observations suggest that estimation of maternal serum AFP may help in early detection of PIH.