Histopathological and histochemical effects of diazepam [Valinil] on rats

Diazepam [Valinil] was used in the present work to evaluate its effects at two doses on the histopathological and histochemical changes in liver and kidney tissues of pregnant rats. Diazepam is being used extensively as a hypnotic drug. The two doses of diazepam were orally administered at concentration levels of 0.09 and 0.9 mg/kg body weight of pregnant rats, at 6-14[th] and 6-19[th] days of gestation. The histopathological results in the liver were in the form of hepatic necrosis with focal areas of lymphocytic aggregates, marked swollen liver cells with granular acidophilic cytoplasm and indistinctive cell boundaries, proliferated bile ducts and vascular changes were also seen. The changes in the kidney were scattered contracted glomerular tufts and degenerated tubular epithelial cells. Also, the carbohydrate content of liver and kidney were significantly reduced while total protein contents of these organs were elevated. These effects were proportional to diazepam concentration and duration of administration

Effect of chronic toxicity of Kat extract on sexual and aggressive behaviour in male rats

The effect of chronic administration of kat [Calha edulis] on the behavioural patterns of the male rats [Rattus norvegicus] was studied. Kat administration was found to have drastic effects on the behaviour of the rat. Treated rats were found to be generally less sexually active than control rats as indicated by the shorter time they spent in sexual activities such as courtship and mating. They were also less intreated in the oestrus female and were less willing to accept electric shocks in order to reach the female when tested using the maximal male-female barrier grid voltage method. Kat treated rats appeared to be initially more aggressive than normal rats, but this trend slowly disappeared and eventually kat-treated rats became significantly less aggressive than normal rats. This was essentially the opposite of what was observed in the normal rats whose aggressiveness increases with time

Effect of chronic toxicity of Kat [catha edulis] extract on some physiological parameters of male rats

The effects of chronic administration of kat [Calha edulis] on several physiological and biochemical parameters of the male rats [Rattus norvegicus] were studied. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of the adrenals were found to be gradually declined as a result of kat-administration. Neurotransmitters in the brain appeared to be affected by kat-administration. Norepinephrine content was significantly decreased and acetylcholine significantly increased in kat-treated than in control rats. However, no significant changes in serotonin level were found. Kat administration also affected the plasma testosterone level; an initial rise occurred during the first four months probably as a result of the stimulating effect of kat, then a general decrease was observed until the termination of the experiment. On the other hand, kat-treated rats appeared to have no significant changes in the urinary 17-ketosteroid level throughout the experiment

Hisopathological, biochemical and teratogenic effects of sodium nitrite [antimicrobial agent] on chicken

The present work deals with the histopathological, biochemical and teratogenic effect of sodium nitrite at two doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt. in chicken. The present results revealed that sodium nitrite exert histopathological effects on the liver and kidney tissues of chicken. The liver tissues of the treated chicken showed laceration of blood sinusoids and some of the central veins in addition to to cellular damage. Also, the kidney tissues of the treated chicken manfested deformation of the structure of the glomeruli and blocking of the renal tubules with a mucous substance. The toxic effects of either of the two doses of sodium nitrite on serum activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transminase [SGOT], glutamate pyruvate transminase [SGPT] and creatinine concentration [SCR], were also studied. It was found that the repeated doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg b.wt. of sodium nitrite induced a general increase in SGOT and SGPT activities and SCR concentration. Sodium nitrite induced various teratogenic effects in developing embryos on the 16th day of incubatio. Resorption, deaths and growth retardation were significant in the experimental groups as compared with the control one. The total body weights of the embryos treated with two doses of sodium nitrie were statistically highly significnat. Moreover the total length of treated chick embryos were reduced, it was statistically highly significnat. Furthermore, sodium nitrite induced skeletal mal formations respresented by the reduction in ossification of the bones of the skull, ribs, vertebrae and limbs

Histopathological and histochemical changes in response to clobazam on liver and kidney tissues of female pregnant albino rats

present study deals with the histopathological and histochemical effects of clobazam on liver and kidney of pregnant rats. Clobazam is being used extensively as hypontic drug. The two doses of clobazam were orally administered at the level of 0.09 or 0.27 mg/100 gm body weight of pregnant rats, at 6-14 and 6-19 day of gestation. The liver tissue, showed laceration of blood sinusoids and some of the central veins in addition to cellular damage. The kidney of the treated animals manifested deformation of the structure of the glomeruli and blocking of the renal tubules with a mucous sbstance. Histochemical studies on the effect of clobazam n carbohydrates and total protein content in liver and kidney tissue of the treated pregnant rate were examined. Carbohydrates content in tissues of liver and kidney of the treated groups showed sigificnat reduction while signficant elevation in total protein content in liver was found, may a normal or undetectable changes in the protein content in kidney tissue was observed. The present results revealed that clobazam exert histopathological effects on the liver and kidney tissues of pregnant rats