Nutritional Intake and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications among Lung Cancer Patients who Underwent Pulmonary Resection

Purpose@#The aim of this study was to examine the nutritional intake status of the lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection and to analyze the relationship between the status of the nutritional intake and the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications. @*Methods@#This study was a secondary analysis to determine whether the changes in the nutritional intake after surgery were related to pulmonary complications. Data of a total of 89 patients were included in the analysis and the nutritional intake status was confirmed using a 24-hour dietary recall method. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and ANOVA using the SPSS WIN 26.0 program and word clouds were generated using the R software program. @*Results@#Overall, a decrease in the postoperative nutritional intake was observed in the patients who underwent pulmonary resection, except for the intake of fat. The pulmonary complications were identified to be associated with BMI and the presence of comorbidity. Twenty-three out of 74 patients with vitamin E levels below the Estimated Average Requirements developed pulmonary complications after surgery. @*Conclusion@#Lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection generally have difficulty in acquiring appropriate nutritional intake and need balanced nutritional management. Future investigations on the impact of increased vitamin E intake on postoperative pulmonary complications may provide better insight into the relationship between vitamin E intake and pulmonary complication among patients who underwent pulmonary resection.

Comparison of the Effects of Education Only and Exercise Training Combined with Education on Fall Prevention in Adults Aged 70 Years or Older Residing in Elderly Residential Facilities

Purpose@#To compare the effects of education only and exercise training combined with education on fall knowledge, fall efficacy, physical activity, and physical function in adults aged 70 years or older residing in elderly residential facilities. Method: A three-group pre- and posttest design was utilized: education only (EO; n = 23), education and TheraBand (ET; n = 22), and education and walking (EW; n = 22).Fall education was provided for all three groups. In addition, TheraBand exercise training was provided for the ET and a walking exercise for the EW. Data were collected from November 1st, 2017 to February 15th, 2019 and analyzed with χ2 test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0. @*Results@#Compared with the EO, the ET and the EW were more effective in terms of fall efficacy, physical activity, and lower extremity muscle strength. The EW showed higher improvement in walking abilities than the EO and the ET. @*Conclusion@#Exercise training combined with education is more effective in preventing falls among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older. When considering fall prevention programs for older adults, both TheraBand and walking exercise training combined with education can be chosen based on the participant’s physical status. Aggressive strategies to improve daily walking are required to maintain walking abilities among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older.

Comparison of the Effects of Education Only and Exercise Training Combined with Education on Fall Prevention in Adults Aged 70 Years or Older Residing in Elderly Residential Facilities

Purpose@#To compare the effects of education only and exercise training combined with education on fall knowledge, fall efficacy, physical activity, and physical function in adults aged 70 years or older residing in elderly residential facilities. Method: A three-group pre- and posttest design was utilized: education only (EO; n = 23), education and TheraBand (ET; n = 22), and education and walking (EW; n = 22).Fall education was provided for all three groups. In addition, TheraBand exercise training was provided for the ET and a walking exercise for the EW. Data were collected from November 1st, 2017 to February 15th, 2019 and analyzed with χ2 test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0. @*Results@#Compared with the EO, the ET and the EW were more effective in terms of fall efficacy, physical activity, and lower extremity muscle strength. The EW showed higher improvement in walking abilities than the EO and the ET. @*Conclusion@#Exercise training combined with education is more effective in preventing falls among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older. When considering fall prevention programs for older adults, both TheraBand and walking exercise training combined with education can be chosen based on the participant’s physical status. Aggressive strategies to improve daily walking are required to maintain walking abilities among community-dwelling adults aged 70 years or older.

The Incidences of Catheter Colonization and Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection According to Tegaderm vs. Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG)-Tegaderm Dressing

Purpose@#In spite of the recent application of a general infection control method, central line-associated infections is still relatively high in Korea. Central line bundle with Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) tegaderm dressing was reported to be effective in reducing catheter colonization and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the incidences of catheter colonization occurrence and CLABSI while using Tegaderm vs. CHG Tegaderm dressings. @*Methods@#We used a descriptive design. 400 patients who had central venous catheters were selected from four hospitals in the Korean National Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance System. Of all subjects, 200 used Tegaderm TM (Tegaderm group), and the remaining 200 used CHG Tegaderm (CHG Tegaderm group) dressing at the catheter insertion site. Data were analyzed using the c 2 test or Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS WIN 21.0. @*Results@#In the Tegaderm and CHG Tegaderm groups, CLABSI incidences were 5.89 and 1.79 per 1,000 catheter-days, catheter colonization incidences were 3.93 and 1.43 per 1,000 catheter-days, and central line bundle compliance rates were 26.0% and 49.0%, respectively. Catheter colonization risk factors were ‘reinsertion after failure’ and ‘Tegaderm dressing’ at the central line insertion site. CLABSI risk factors were ‘incomplete performance of 7 central line bundle items’ and ‘Tegaderm dressing’ at the central line insertion site. @*Conclusion@#A further prospective study is needed to examine the effects of central line bundle with CHG Tegaderm dressing, avoiding central line reinsertion after failure, and improving the bundle compliance in reducing catheter colonization and CLABSI.

Applying Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Lung Cancer Patients Undergone Pulmonary Resection: Effects on Self-Efficacy for Exercise, Physical Activities, Physical Function, and Quality of Life

PURPOSE@#This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection.@*METHODS@#This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE).@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=−2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component.@*CONCLUSION@#The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

Applying Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Lung Cancer Patients Undergone Pulmonary Resection: Effects on Self-Efficacy for Exercise, Physical Activities, Physical Function, and Quality of Life

PURPOSE@#This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection.@*METHODS@#This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE).@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=−2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component.@*CONCLUSION@#The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

Applying Extended Theory of Planned Behavior for Lung Cancer Patients Undergone Pulmonary Resection: Effects on Self-Efficacy for Exercise, Physical Activities, Physical Function, and Quality of Life

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection.METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE).RESULTS: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=−2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component.CONCLUSION: The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS). METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=−3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=−4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=−3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=−2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS. CONCLUSION: The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors

PURPOSE@#This study aimed to identify the effects of utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support (SAPS) on health behavior and body mass index (BMI) among overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (BCS).@*METHODS@#A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 36 participants (experimental group 14, control group 22) were recruited from August 2017 to September 2018. Participants were 40~65 years old, overweight or obese, had completed primary cancer treatment within the 12 months prior to the study, and had not done regular exercise during the last 6 months. The 3-month SAPS consisted of exercise and diet education (once p/2 weeks), peer support (once p/week), and self-monitoring using smartphone applications (5 times p/week). All participants underwent assessments at baseline, right after SAPS, and at 3 months after SAPS. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.@*RESULTS@#At the completion of SAPS significant differences were found between groups in motivation for exercise (t=−3.24, p=.005), physical activity (t=−4.15, p<.001), total calorie intake (t=3.42, p=.002), calories from fat (t=−3.01, p=.005), intake of vegetables (t=−2.83, p=.008), and BMI (t=5.21, p<.001). Significant differences in BMI (t=4.13, p<.001) remained up to 3 months after SAPS completion. No significant differences was shown between groups in self-efficacy for exercise, either immediately after or 3 months after SAPS.@*CONCLUSION@#The SAPS has the potential to improve motivation for exercise, health behavior, and BMI of BCS. However, special efforts are required to encourage participants to complete the intervention and maintain long-term effects for future trials.

Functioning Characteristics of Patients with Neck Pain: ICF Concept Based

PURPOSE: This study examine the functioning level and quality of life (QoL) of people with non-specific neck pain and neck pain with radiculopathy using the neck disability index (NDI), functional rating index (FRI), and short form of health survey 36 (SF-36) and each of linked lCF code lists of those scales. METHODS: Each item of the NDI, FRI, and SF-36 were linked conceptually to the ICF code, and the lCF code lists of those scales were produced as iNDI, iFRI, and iSF-36, respectively. Seventy-nine patients with neck pain filled the instruments and its linked ICF code lists. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the diagnosis, non-specific neck pain (Group1), and neck pain with radiculopathy (Group2). A group comparison was performed using an independent t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to analyze the relationships between each scale and the linked ICF code list. RESULTS: The participants in Group 2 experienced more difficulties in their daily activities than those in Group 2 when examined in NDI and FRI (p<0.05). This result was also found consistently in the ICF code lists, iNDI and iFRI (p=0.05). On the other hand, the QoL did not show a difference between groups (p=0.06). A strong correlation was observed between the instruments and linked ICF code lists: NDI and iNDI (r=0.90), FRI and iFRI (r=0.91), and SF-36 and iSF-36 (r=−0.61). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the concept of each item in NDI and FRI could be linked to the ICF codes when examining patients with neck pain, but the items of SF-36 were found to be linked and expressed in ICF.

Development of the Korean version of ICF e-Learning tool

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to develop a Korean version of an ICF e-Learning tool (KICF e-Learning tool). METHODS: The process of translation and adaptation of the ICF e-Learning tool was followed: two translators developed the Korean versions independently, and a consensus version of the translation was then produced. An expert committee, which was composed of five experts from physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, and social welfare, reviewed the consensus Korean version to make a beta version of the tool. A field test was conducted to determine if the Korean version of the tool was easy to understand and suitable to use in ICF learning. Feedback from the field test were used for the final adaptation of the KICF e-Learning tool. RESULTS: One-hundred and twenty-six volunteers (40 males and 76 females) were invited to examine the KICF e-Learning tool. The participants reported various levels of ICF knowledge from none to very good. Forty-eight participants reported no knowledge of ICF. The majority of participants (n=84) reported that Korean terms or expression in the tool were easy to understand and one-hundred fourteen participants would recommend the tool to another person. The Korean cases would be helpful for a Korean audience to study the ICF using the tool. CONCLUSION: The KICF e-Learning tool was developed and is ready for use by the public for the consistency of ICF education. On the other hand, development of an advanced module will be needed.

Development and Effects of Social Learning Theory Based Eye-Health Program for Preschoolers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an eye-health program based on social learning theory (EPST) of preschoolers and evaluate its effectiveness. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was utilized and 141 six-year-old preschoolers and their parents participated (experimental group=69, control group=72) in the study. The EPST in this study included eye-health education and eye exercises. Attention, memory, replay, motivation, reinforcement, and self-efficacy were used as interventional strategies. To examine the effectiveness of EPST, proficiency in eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 using the Shapiro-Wilk test, χ2-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Following the intervention, eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that EPST is effective in improving eye-health activities, refractive power, and visual acuity in preschoolers, and its wider implementation in educational institutions will promise improved eye-health among preschoolers.

Factors associated with low-level physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND/AIMS@#In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the extent of physical activity (PA) is correlated with disease severity and prognosis. However, factors associated with low-level PA in elderly COPD patients are not known. We assessed the levels of PA and clinical factors associated with low-level of PA in elderly COPD patients.@*METHODS@#This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective study of 245 patients with COPD. Among them, 160 patients with 65 years or more were included. Three PA groups were defined with respect to daily activity time (low, moderate, and high). Health related quality of life (HRQL) was measured using St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) and 36-item short-form health survey. Anxiety and depression status were assessed employing the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of low-level PA in elderly COPD patients.@*RESULTS@#Of all the 160 patients, 103 (64.4%) engaged in low-level PA. Upon univariate analysis, a decreased exercise capacity (6-minute walk test < 250 m), an increased dyspnea (the modified medical research council [MMRC] dyspnea scale ≥ 2), a decreased HRQL (total SGRQ score), and a presence of depression (HADS-D ≥ 8) were significantly associated with low-level PA. Upon multivariate analysis, an MMRC grade ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.550; p = 0.034), and HADS-D ≥ 8 (HR, 2.076; p = 0.045) were independently associated with low-level PA in elderly COPD patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Two-thirds of elderly patients with COPD reported low-level of PA. More severe dyspnea and a presence of depression were independently associated with low-level PA in elderly COPD patients.

Comparison of Effects of Oral Health Program and Walking Exercise Program on Health Outcomes for Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB)-based oral health program (OHP) and walking exercise program (WEP) on oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators (depression, stress, and quality of life) in pregnant women. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was adopted to compare the effects of a 12-week OHP and WEP on pregnant women (n=65). Pregnant women were randomly assigned to the oral health group (OHG; n=23), walking exercise group (WEG; n=21), or control group (CG; n=21). Data were analyzed by the χ2-test, Fisher's exact test, Scheffe test, and repeated measures ANOVA, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 21.0). RESULTS: The OHG and WEG showed significant improvements in oral health behaviors, periodontal disease, and psychological indicators as compared to the CG. The WEG showed significant improvement in physical activity as compared to the OHG and CG. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the IMCHB-based OHP and WEP were effective in improving periodontal disease, physical activity, and psychological indicators. However, further studies are needed to identify the positive effects of the OHP and WEP on birth outcomes.

The Effects of Flash Animation Facilitated Oral Self Care Education on the Incidence of Oral Mucositis and Performance of Self-Care in Pediatric Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of oral self-care education on the oral mucositis and oral self-care performance in pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: We conducted the study using the nonequivalent control group and non-synchronized design, and invited pediatric cancer patients, admitted to a university hospital for chemotherapy, to participate in the study. Data collection was completed for the control group first and proceeded to the experimental group. The data were collected from September 24 to November 5, 2015. Twenty children were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The children in the experimental group, along with their parents, were provided with a 10-minute flash animation and a brochure, both explaining oral self-care practices. Children in the groups were evaluated for the status of oral mucositis and their ability to perform oral self-care before chemotherapy, as well as at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the administration of chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures ANOVA were utilized to test the homogeneity of variance between the two groups and examine the effectiveness of the oral self-care education. RESULTS: Children in the experimental group showed significant improvement in oral self-care performance compared to the control group post oral self-care education. CONCLUSION: Promoting oral self-care practices is an important nursing intervention in the prevention of oral mucositis in pediatric cancer patients. Inclusion of advanced smart technology, such as the use of flash animation, to facilitate nursing intervention could enhance the effectiveness of the intervention in young cancer patients. Broader application of smart technology in patient education is warranted.

Gender Differences in Bone Mineral Density-Related Factors among Adults: Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the factors related to the bone mineral density (BMD) in male and female adults aged 50 years or older. The factors included were socio-demographics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood lipids, and health habits. METHODS: As a secondary data analysis, this study used raw data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and selected 2,295 adults aged over 50 years who participated in the survey and had BMD values. The T-score of the femoral neck was evaluated for BMD. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and multiple regression. RESULTS: The factors influencing the BMD in men were age (β=−.029, p<.001), BMI (β=.100, p<.001), triglyceride (β=−.001, p=.001), and calcium (β=.001, p=.003), and the suggested regression equation explained 25.6% of the variance in BMD (F=16.32, p<.001). The factors related to BMD in women were age (β=−.060, p<.001), BMI (β=.091, p<.001), total cholesterol (β=−.002, p=.028), HDL cholesterol (β=.009, p=.001), and calcium (β=.001, p=.004), and the suggested regression equation explained 47.0% of the variance in BMD (F=61.72, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, the modifiable factors, such as BMI, blood cholesterol, and calcium, should be targeted to improve the BMD in both men and women.

The Effects of Smart Program for Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (SP-PCI) on Disease-Related Knowledge, Health Behavior, and Quality of Life: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE: To identify the effects of a smart program for the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (SP-PCI) on coronary disease-related knowledge, health behaviors, and quality of life. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with a non-synchronized design was utilized and 48 participants (experimental=22, control=26) were recruited from a university hospital in Gyeongsang area from May to December, 2016. The 12-week SP-PCI consisted of self-study of health information using smart phone applications (1/week), walking exercise (>5/week) using smart band, feedback using Kakao talk (2/week), and telephone counseling (1/week). Patients in the control group received usual care from their primary health care providers and a brief health education with basic self-management brochure after the PCI. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program through descriptive statistics, χ2 test, and t-test. RESULTS: After the 12-week SP-PCI, the experimental group showed higher levels of coronary disease-related knowledge (t=2.43, p=.019), heart-related health behaviors (t=5.96, p < .001), regular exercise (Z=-4.47, p < .001), and quality of life-MCS (t=3.04, p=.004) and showed lower levels of stress (Z=-3.53, p < .001) and sodium intake (t=-4.43, p < .001) than those in the control group. There were no significant group differences in medication adherence and food intake in total energy, lipids, and cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The suggested SP-PCI provided easy access and cost-effective intervention for patients after PCI and improved their knowledge of the disease, performance of health behaviors, and quality of life. Further study with a wider population is needed to evaluate the effects of SP-PCI on disease recurrence and quality of life for patients after PCI.

The Nutrient Intakes and their Relationships with the Use of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning in Heart Failure Patients / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0. RESULTS: Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin B1, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

Periodontal Disease and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships of periodontal disease and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in pregnant women. METHODS: The participants in this study were 129 pregnant women. Data were collected using questionnaires of characteristics of the participants and subjective perception of periodontal disease and a dentist's assessment of periodontal disease. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: The physical QoL showed significant negative correlation with subjective perception of periodontal disease (r=-.21, p=.013). Mental QoL had significant negative correlations with subjective perception of periodontal disease (r=-.32, p<.001) and objective periodontal disease (r=-.34, p<.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that pregnant women who had a history of abortion and had higher subjective perception of periodontal disease tended to report lower levels of physical QoL. Pregnant women whose age are between 30-34 years and higher subjective perception and objective periodontal disease tended to report lower mental QoL. CONCLUSION: To improve HRQoL of pregnant women, nurses should pay attention on the status of periodontal disease. Careful assessment of oral healthy behaviors and proper intervention for oral health of pregnant women are needed to enhance HRQoL of pregnant women.

Self-Care Behavior and Depression in Patients with Heart Failure / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of self-care behavior according to levels of depression among patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS: Participants in this descriptive research were 169 outpatients with HF who being seen in three university hospitals and one general hospital located in B, Y, and D cities. Data were collected using the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale and European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale. Data collection period was from April 25, 2012 to September 26, 2013. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and ANOVAs with SPSS WIN 21.0. RESULTS: A higher proportion of patients who were female, without a spouse, with lower household income, not employed, and having lower functional status with serious symptoms of HF tended to be clinically depressed. HF patients with depression tended not to report symptom changes to their health care providers. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate the need to screen for depression in patients with HF and to develop strategies to improve self-care behaviors in these patients in order to promote reporting of symptom changes to health care providers.