Global and regional trends in the incidence and mortality burden of endometrial cancer, 1990-2019: Updated results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2019 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The disease burdens for endometrial cancer (EC) vary across different countries and geographical regions and change every year. Herein, we reported the updated results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 on EC with respect to age-standardized incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019.@*METHODS@#The annual percentage change (APC) of incidence and mortality was evaluated using joinpoint regression analysis to examine the temporal trends during the same timeframe in terms of the global landscape, different sociodemographic indices (SDI), and geographic regions. The relationship between Human Development Index (HDI) and incidence and mortality was additionally explored.@*RESULTS@#The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) revealed a significant average global elevation by 0.5% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-0.7; P <0.001). The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), in contrast, fell by an average of 0.8% per year (95% CI, -1.0 to -0.7; P <0.001) worldwide. The ASIRs and ASMRs for EC varied across different SDIs and geographical regions. We noted four temporal trends and a significant reduction by 0.5% per year since 2010 in the ASIR, whereas we detected six consecutively decreasing temporal trends in ASMR during the entire period. Notably, the estimated APCs were significantly positively correlated with HDIs (ρ = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07-0.35; P = 0.003) with regard to incident cases in 2019.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Incidence rates for EC reflected a significant increase overall (although we observed a decline since 2010), and the death rates declined consecutively from 1990 to 2019. We posit that more precise strategies can be tailored and then implemented based on the distinct age-standardized incidence and mortality burden in different geographical areas.

Evidence and acupoint combinations in acupuncture for functional dyspepsia: an overview of systematic review and data mining study / 数字中医药（英文）

Objective@#To evaluate the methodological quality of papers that performed meta-analyzed and systematically reviewed acupoint selections for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) and to identify the ideal acupoint combinations for FD.@*Methods@#Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine (CBM), and Wanfang Database, as well as English databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve papers about meta-analysis and systematic literature reviews on acupuncture for FD. The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to April 30, 2022. The Veritas scores of the papers based on their publication year, study type, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), heterogeneity, and publication bias were rated to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from those meta-analysis papers or systematic literature reviews for analyzing acupoints frequency, meridian frequency, and association rules with the use of R software (V 4.3.1).@*Results@#Eight meta-analysis papers were included in the study after screening. The mean Veritas scores of the papers based on publication year, type of study, AMSTAR2, PRISMA, heterogeneity, and publication bias were 4.50, 8.00, 4.63, 4.63, 4.50, and 6.13, respectively. The analysis of the scores revealed insufficiencies in the reviews pertaining to the methodology, comprehension of the research strategy, detailed list of excluded studies, sources of funding, assessment of potential bias risks impact on meta-analysis results in each study, explanation of heterogeneity, and identification of potential conflicts of interest. Furthermore, a total of 85 RCTs were obtained from the eight meta-analysis papers involving 85 acupuncture prescriptions and 67 acupoints for subsequent data mining. The most commonly used meridian was Stomach meridian of Foot-Yangming (ST). Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), Zhongwan (CV12), Taichong (LR3), Tianshu (ST25), Gongsun (SP4), Weishu (BL21), Pishu (BL20), Neiting (ST44), and Yinlingquan (SP9) topped the list of frequently selected acupoints. Additionally, a total of 28 association rules were identified, including 10 second-order, 15 third-order, and 3 fourth-order association rules. The top-ranking association rules in each order were “Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” “Zhongwan (CV12) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)” and “Zhongwan (CV12) + Taichong (LR3) + Neiguan (PC6) → Zusanli (ST36)”, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Acupuncture could alleviate the clinical symptoms of FD. However, the quality of methodology applied in the meta-analysis papers on the subject needs to be improved. Through data mining, a combination of Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Taichong (LR3) was identified as an essential acupoint combination for the treatment of FD.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Related Substances in Olmesartan Medoxomil Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets by HPLC-Principal Component Self-Control with Correct Factor / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of four known related substances （olmesartan，olmesartan ester dimer ，olmesartan ester alkene ，benzothiadiazine impurity ，called impurity A ，B，C，D for short ）in Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets. METHODS ：HPLC-principal component self-control with correction factor were adopted. The determination was performed on YMC-Triart C 8 column with mobile phase A consisted of acetonitrile- 0.015 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH adjusted to 2.8 with phosphoric acid ）（70 ∶ 30，V/V），mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile-0.015 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH adjusted to 2.8 with phosphoric acid ）（15 ∶ 85，V/V）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min（gradient elution ）. The detection wavelength was set at 265 nm，and column temperature was 25 ℃. The temperature of injector was 4 ℃；the injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS：The correction factors of impurity A ，B，C，D were 1.42，1.17，0.89，0.92，respectively. The linear range of olmesartan medoxomil ，hydrochlorothiazide and impurity A ，B，C，D were 0.252 7-7.580 0，1.152 1-4.562 9，0.244 0-18.299 0，0.244 7-3.670 8，0.265 2-3.978 3 and 0.149 9-4.497 3 μg/mL（r≥ 0.999 7），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.084 2，0.050 7，0.081 3，0.081 6，0.088 4，0.050 0 μg/mL，respectively. The quantitative limits were 0.252 7，0.152 1，0.244 0，0.244 7，0.265 2 and 0.149 9 μg/mL，respectively. The results of intermediate precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests all met the relevant requirements. The average recovery rates were 104.00％-108.04％，102.00％-104.94％，100.99％-106.89％，92.00％-95.18％，102.00％-105.06％，103.90％-107.00％（n＝3）， respectively. The contents of impurity A ，B and D in 3 batches of Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets were 0.90％ -1.00％ ，0-0.11％ ，0.16％ -0.24％ ，respectively. The impurity C and other impurities were not detected. There is no significant difference between the results measured by the established method and by the external standard method. CONCLUSIONS：The method has been proved to be highly sensitive and reproducible. It can be used to simultaneously determine four known substances in Olmesartan medoxomil hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

Research progress of carbon nanomaterials in cancer drug delivery / 中国药科大学学报

@#Carbon nanomaterials are one of the hotspots in the research of drug delivery systems for cancer. Compared with the traditional drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, carbon nanomaterials can be used as drug carriers after modification based on their advantages of large specific surface area and unique optical properties. They have the characteristics of high drug loading, good biocompatibility, tumor targeting and lasting action time, indicating great potential and development space. In this paper, the properties and functions of quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and mesoporous carbon nanospheres are introduced in the order of dimensional quantum properties. The current research focus and existing problems of carbon nanomaterials are discussed in order to provide a reference for the safe and effective application of carbon nanomaterials in tumor therapy.

Analysis of CGG repeat instability in germline cells from two male fetuses affected with fragile X syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pattern of CGG repeat instability within germline cells derived from two male fetuses affected with Fragile X syndrome (FXS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The length and methylation status of CGG repeats within the testes of a fetus carrying a full FXS mutation and another fetus carrying mosaicism FXS mutation were analyzed with Southern blotting and AmplideX FMR1 PCR. Immunohistochemistry was also applied for the measurement of FMR1 protein (FMRP) expression within the testes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the fetus carrying the full mutation, Southern blotting analysis of the PCR product has detected an expected band representing the full mutation in its brain and a premutation band of > 160 CGG repeats in its testis. Whereas the pattern of premutation/full mutation in mosaic testis was similar to that in peripheral blood and no sign of contracted fragment was found other than a band of about 160 CGG repeats. Immunohistochemistry assay with a FMRP-specific antibody demonstrated a number of FMRP-positive germ cells, which suggested a contraction from full mutation to premutation alleles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study has clarified the instability pattern of CGG repeat and expression of FMRP protein within the testes of fetuses affected with FXS, confirming that the CGG repeat can contract progressively within the germline. The FMRP expression in the testis is consistent with spermatogonium proliferation, and thus the contraction from full mutation to unmethylated premutations may occur for the requirement of FMRP expression during spermatogenesis. The better understanding of FMRP function during germ cell proliferation may elucidate the mechanism underlying the contraction of full FXS mutation in male germline.</p>

Phenotype-genotype correlation analysis of 12 cases with Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with Angelman syndrome/Prader-Willi syndrome (AS/PWS) and assess the application value of high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays (SNP array) for such diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve AS/PWS patients were diagnosed through SNP array, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and karyotype analysis. Clinical characteristics were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Deletions ranging from 4.8 Mb to 7.0 Mb on chromosome 15q11.2-13 were detected in 11 patients. Uniparental disomy (UPD) was detected in only 1 patient. Patients with deletions could be divided into 2 groups, including 7 cases with class I and 4 with class II. The two groups however had no significant phenotypic difference. The UPD patient had relatively better development and language ability. Deletions of 6 patients were confirmed by FISH to be of de novo in origin. The risk to their sibs was determined to be less than 1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The phenotypic differences between AS/PWS patients with class I and class II deletion need to be further studied. SNP array is useful in detecting and distinguishing of patients with deletion or UPD. This method may be applied for studying the genotype-phenotype association and the mechanism underlying AS/PWS.</p>

Influence of systematic prenatal education on outcome of childbirth / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the effect of systematic prenatal education on the outcome of childbirth. Methods Pregnant women (200 cases) were randomly divided into 2 groups, 100 pregnant women who were willing to attend the maternity club to accept the systematic prenatal education were set as the experimental group, while 100 pregnant women who only accepted the regular prenatal health education as the control group. The experimental group not only received regular prenatal health education, but also had classes about prenatal gymnastics training exercise, the simulant delivery process, Lamaze pain relieving delivery, various postures of 3 delivery processes, the knowledge of husband assistance, the physical and psychological change and relevant coping method during gestation and postpartum, etc. The control group only accepted the regular prenatal health education, which was watching breastfecding VCD, having classes about the basic health knowledge and the physical process of pregnant period, delivery period, and puerperal period, the breasffecding knowledge, etc. Results The cesarean section rate and the total stage of labor of the experimental group was significantly less and shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusions The systematic prenatal e-ducation can improve pregnant women's knowledge of pregnancy and parturition, improve pregnant women's confidence of natural delivery, help to regulate nerve and the function of different organs, shorten the childbirth process, and reduce the cesarean section rate.