Factores relacionados con el síndrome del edificio enfermo en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud

Introducción: El síndrome del edificio enfermo (SEE) ha sido descrito como una afección de salud que sufren los trabajadores debido a factores de riesgo físicos, químicos, biológicos y psicosociales del entorno laboral. Su origen es multifactorial y sus síntomas desaparecen cuando el trabajador abandona el edificio. En Colombia no existe un instrumento para su diagnóstico. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia del síndrome de edificio enfermo e identificar los factores asociados en las instalaciones de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud. Métodos: Se aplicó la encuesta de la Norma Técnica de Prevención 290 (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, adscrito al Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales de España) a 130 trabajadores administrativos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron la presencia del SEE y se identificó como síntoma más prevalente el dolor de espalda. De acuerdo con los análisis estadísticos, los factores de riesgo asociados fueron físicos y múltiples factores psicosociales relacionados con la organización, por lo que se sugiere fortalecer este aspecto. Conclusiones: A diferencia de estudios similares, el porcentaje de la presencia de síntomas respiratorios, oculares y relacionados con alergias fue menor al 20 %, esto podría ser explicado por las condiciones de bioseguridad y aislamiento debidas al programa de mitigación de la COVID-19, por lo cual es aconsejable seguir manteniendo estas condiciones y realizar un estudio más profundo sobre el origen de los síntomas destacados.

Introduction: The sick building syndrome has been described as a health condition suffered by workers due to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risk factors of the work environment. Its origin is multifactorial and symptoms disappear when the worker leaves the building. In Colombia there is not an instrument for its diagnosis. Objective: To determine the presence of the sick building syndrome and identify the associated factors in the facilities of an institution providing health services. Methods: The survey of the Technical Prevention Standard 290 (National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work, attached to the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs of Spain) was applied to 70 administrative workers. Results: The results demonstrated the presence of the sick building syndrome, and back pain was identified as the most prevalent symptom. According to the statistical analysis, the associated risk factors were physical and multiple psychosocial factors related to the organization, therefore, strengthening this aspect is suggested. Conclusions: Unlike similar studies, the percentage of the presence of respiratory, eye and allergy-related symptoms was less than 20%, which could be explained by the biosafety and isolation conditions due to the COVID-19 mitigation program therefore; it is advisable to continue maintaining these conditions and carry out a more in-depth study on the origin of the outstanding symptoms.

Lactate dehydrogenase as a hematopoietic stem cell mobilization biomarker in autologous transplantation

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-apheresis peripheral blood CD34+ cell count (PBCD34+) is the most important predictor of good cell mobilization before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, albeit flow cytometry is not always immediately available. Identification of surrogate markers can be useful. The CD34+ cells proliferate after mobilization, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and correlating with the PBCD34+ count. Objective: To determine the LDH cut-off value at which adequate CD34+ cell mobilization is achieved and its diagnostic yield. Materials and methods: A total of 103 patients who received an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) between January 2015 and January 2020 were included. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were obtained, including complete blood count, pre-apheresis PBCD34+ and LDH levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the optimal serum LDH activity cut-off points for ≥ 2 and ≥ 4 × 106 cells/kg post-mobilization CD34+ count and their diagnostic yield. Results: A post-mobilization serum LDH cut-off value of 462 U/L yielded a sensitivity (Se) = 86.8% (positive predictive value [PPV] = 72.7%), a pre- and post-mobilization serum LDH difference cut-off value of 387 U/L, an Se = 45.7% (PPV = 97%) and an LDH ratio of 2.46, with an Se = 47.1% (PPV = 97%) for an optimal mobilization count (CD34+ ≥ 4 × 106). Conclusion: The LDH measurement represents a fast and affordable way to predict PBCD34+ mobilization in cases where flow cytometry is not immediately available. According to the LDH diagnostic yield, it could be used as a surrogate marker in transplant centers, supporting the CD34+ count, which remains the gold standard.

Evaluación de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de puestos de venta de ceviche de chochos (Lupinus mutabilis) ubicados en las calles de Riobamba-Ecuador y análisis bacteriológico del producto y sus ingredientes

Los alimentos expendidos en la vía pública constituyen una fuente de ingreso para familias en países en vías de desarrollo, sin embargo, pueden ser fuentes potenciales de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. En Riobamba-Ecuador entre los alimentos de mayor consumo en la vía pública está el plato típico "ceviche de chochos (Lupinus mutabilis)", nutritivo, sensorialmente agradable y con precio accesible. Este estudio evaluó la calidad microbiológica y condiciones sanitarias de 10 puestos de venta. Se realizó el análisis microbiológico a 100 muestras correspondientes a: ceviche e ingredientes por separado (jugo de tomate, chochos desamargados, piel cocida de cerdo y cebollas). Estas muestras se tomaron en dos días diferentes y se cuantificó aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y Staphyloccocus aureus. Las condiciones sanitarias de los puestos de venta fueron evaluadas mediante una lista de verificación que incluyó los siguientes parámetros: diseño, ubicación, manipulador, preparación, transporte, comercialización y saneamiento. Los resultados revelan que todas las muestras estaban contaminadas con enterobacterias y S. aureus, 80% presentaban aerobios mesófilos > 6 log10 UFC/g, siendo el ingrediente chocho desamargado, el que aportó mayor carga microbiana en 6 de los 10 puestos de venta. Los resultados de la lista de verificación muestran que las principales deficiencias son: la no utilización de agua potable circulante y la manipulación de manera conjunta de los alimentos y el dinero. En conclusión, existe gran fluctuación del cumplimiento de cada parámetro dentro de las Prácticas Correctas de Higiene por puesto de venta, creando focos o entradas de contaminantes, que se evidencia en los altos recuentos de microorganismos indicadores de calidad sanitaria en el producto final.

Street food constitutes a source of income for several families in the world, mainly in developing countries and emerging economies; however, it can be a potential source of foodborne diseases. In Riobamba-Ecuador, among the most consumed food streets is the typical dish "ceviche de chochos (Lupinus mutabilis) ", a nutritious and pleasant sensory dish at an affordable price. In this study, the microbiological load and sanitary conditions of 10 lupine ceviche stalls were evaluated. Samples of ceviche and its ingredients (tomato juice, debited lupins, pork skin, and onions). These samples (n= 100) were taken on two different days and analysed to quantify mesophilic aerobes, enterobacteria, and S. aureus. The sanitary conditions of the stalls were analysed using a check list consisting of sections focused on design, location, handler, preparation, transportation, marketing and sanitation. The results show that 100% of the samples were contaminated with enterobacteria and S. aureus, 80% of these had mesophilic aerobics > 6 log CFU / g, and the debittered lupin ingredient is the one that provides the highest microbial load in 6 of the 10 stalls evaluated. The results of the check list showed that the main deficiencies are the non-use of circulating drinking water and the joint manipulation of food and money. In conclusion, there is a great fluctuation in the compliance of the Good Hygiene Practises parameters in each street food stall. It causes multiple foci or entrances of contaminants, which is evidenced in the high counts of microorganisms that are indicators of sanitary quality in the final product.

Percepción de la entomofagia como alternativa alimenticia saludable en Panamá / Perception of entomophagy as a healthy food alternative in Panama / Percepção da entomofagia como uma alternativa alimentar saudável no Panamá

Objetivo. Conocer la percepción de la entomofagia como una alternativa alimenticia saludable en Panamá. Métodos. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico, dirigido a 100 personas con edades entre 18 y 65 años, nivel de instrucción de secundaria completa en adelante, proporción 1:1 hombres y mujeres, residentes de áreas urbanas y periurbanas, siendo el 44 % servidores públicos. Se les compartió un formulario electrónico con las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué insectos conoce que son comestibles?, ¿qué benefcios conoce del consumo de insectos?, ¿ha comido insectos alguna vez?, ¿incluiría insectos en su dieta?, ¿por qué sí o no los incluiría? Los datos fueron analizados con los programas Microsoft Excel y PSPP. Resultados. El 58 % de los encuestados conocían que los grillos y saltamontes son comestibles; el 45 % reconoció como benefcios saludables de ingerir insectos las proteínas y otros nutrientes, pero un porcentaje similar desconoce dichos benefcios; el 20 % afrmó haber comido insectos alguna vez y el 25 % los incluiría en su dieta. La cultura, el asco y la falta de interés fueron los motivos principales por los cuales la mayoría desestimó el consumo de insectos, mientras que los que sí consumirían insectos lo harían para mejorar su salud, para probar cosas nuevas y si tienen buena preparación. El análisis de conglomerados de K medias conformó 11 grupos, destacando el grupo 9, como consumidor ideal. Conclusiones. Para mejorar la percepción de la entomofagia como alternativa alimenticia saludable en Panamá es necesario ilustrar mejor a las personas e innovar en el procesamiento de alimentos preparados con insectos

Objective. To determine the perception of entomophagy as a healthy food alternative in Panama. Methods. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, targeting 100 people between 18 and 65 years of age, with an educational level of secondary school or higher, a 1:1 ratio of men and women, residents of urban and peri-urban areas, 44% of whom were public servants. An electronic form was shared with them with the following questions: what insects do you know that are edible, what benefts do you know about the consumption of insects, have you ever eaten insects, would you include insects in your diet, why yes or no would you include them? The data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and PSPP programs. Results. Fifty-eight percent of respondents were aware that crickets and grasshoppers are edible; 45% recognized protein and other nutrients as healthy benefts of eating insects, but a similar percentage were unaware of these benefts; 20% said they had eaten insects at some time and 25% would include them in their diet. Culture, disgust and lack of interest were the main reasons why the majority discouraged the consumption of insects, while those who would eat insects would do so to improve their health, to try new things and if they are well prepared. The K-means cluster analysis formed 11 groups, with group 9 standing out as the ideal consumer. Conclusions. To improve the perception of entomophagy as a healthy food alternative in Panama, it is necessary to better educate people and innovate in the processing of food prepared with insects

Objetivo. Para determinar a percepção da entomofagia como uma alternativa alimentar saudável no Panamá. alternativa alimentar saudável no Panamá. Métodos. Uma amostragem não-probabilística amostra de 100 pessoas com idade entre 18 e 65 anos, com um nível de educação do ensino médio ou superior, com uma proporção de homens e mulheres de 1:1. nível de educação do ensino médio ou superior, com uma proporção de 1:1 entre homens e mulheres, residentes de urbanos e peri-urbanos, dos quais 44% eram funcionários públicos. funcionários públicos. Um formulário eletrônico foi compartilhado com eles com as seguintes perguntas: que insetos você sabe que são comestíveis, que benefícios você sabe sobre comer insetos, você já comeu insetos, você incluiria insetos em sua dieta, por que sim ou não? Os dados foram analisados usando o Microsoft Excel e PSPP. Resultados. 58% dos entrevistados sabiam que grilos e gafanhotos são comestíveis; 45% reconheceram as proteínas e outros nutrientes como benefícios saudáveis de comer insetos, mas uma porcentagem semelhante não sabia desses benefícios; 20% disseram que já haviam comido insetos e 25% incluiriam os insetos em sua dieta. Cultura, repugnância e falta de interesse eram as principais razões pelas quais a maioria desestimulava o consumo de insetos, enquanto que aqueles que os comiam os comiam. aqueles que consumiriam insetos o fariam para melhorar sua saúde, para experimentar coisas novas e se estivessem bem preparados. A análise de cluster K significa 11 clusters, com o cluster 9 se destacando como o consumidor ideal. Conclusões. Para melhorar a percepção da entomofagia como uma alternativa alimentar saudável no Panamá, é necessário educar melhor as pessoas e inovar no processamento de alimentos preparados com insetos

Evaluating bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in isolated bacteria from food contact surfaces / Evaluación de la resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos en bactérias aisladas de superficies en contacto con alimentos / Avaliação da resistência bacteriana a antimicrobianos em bactérias isoladas de superfícies em contacto com alimentos

ABSTRACT Bacteria isolated from food contact surfaces, can transfer resistance factors when exposed to pressure exerted by inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial resistance against antibiotics and disinfectants commonly used (NaOCl and CH3COOH) in bacteria isolated from food contact surfaces. Additionally, using PCR, the presence of tetracycline resistance genes was evaluated. Results showed that 47% of the isolates exhibit resistance against more than one antibiotic, being Tetracycline the antibiotic that most isolates were resistant to (35.3%). A PCR analysis found that the tet M gene is the most frequent of the genes tested. Likewise, it was evidenced that although NaOCl is effective as a surface disinfectant, Aerococcus urinae and Kocuria kristinae isolates could resist up to 10 min of exposure. Likewise, all isolates were resistant to CH3COOH, demonstrating the low inhibitory capacity of this disinfectant. Finally, the observed correlation between resistance to antibiotics and resistance to disinfectants is confirmed. An important factor that should be studied since the generalized use of disinfectants can increase the spectrum of antibiotic resistance.

RESUMEN Bacterias aisladas de superficies en contacto con alimentos pueden transferir factores de resistencia cuando se exponen a presiones ejercidas por el uso inadecuado de agentes antimicrobianos. En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia bacteriana frente a antibióticos y desinfectantes de uso común (NaOCl y CH3COOH) en bacterias aisladas de superficies en contacto con alimentos. Adicionalmente, mediante la PCR se evaluó la presencia de genes de resistencia a la Tetraciclina. Los resultados mostraron que el 47% de los aislados presentaron resistencia a más de un antibiótico, siendo la Tetraciclina al que la mayoría de los aislamientos fueron resistentes (35,3%). El análisis de PCR encontró que el gen tet M fue el más frecuente. Además, se evidenció que, si bien el NaOCl es efectivo como desinfectante de superficies, Aerococcus urinae y Kocuria kristinae pudieron resistir hasta 10 minutos de exposición. Igualmente, todos los aislados fueron resistentes a CH3COOH, demostrando la baja capacidad inhibitoria de este desinfectante. Finalmente, se confirma una correlación entre la resistencia a antibióticos y desinfectantes. Un factor importante que conviene estudiar ya que el uso generalizado de desinfectantes podría incrementar el espectro de resistencia a los antibióticos.

RESUMO Bactérias isoladas de superfícies em contacto com alimentos podem transferir factores de resistência quando expostas a tensões exercidas pela utilização inadequada de agentes antimicrobianos. Neste estudo, foi avaliada a resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos e desinfectantes comummente utilizados (NaOCl e CH3COOOH) em bactérias isoladas de superfícies em contacto com alimentos. Além disso, a presença de genes de resistência à tetraciclina foi avaliada por PCR. Os resultados mostraram que 47% dos isolados mostraram resistência a mais do que um antibiótico, sendo a Tetraciclina a que a maioria dos isolados era resistente (35,3%). A análise PCR constatou que o gene tet M era o mais frequente. Além disso, era evidente que, embora NaOCl seja eficaz como desinfectante de superficie, Aerococcus urinae e Kocuria kristinae foram capazes de resistir até l0 minutos de exposição. Da mesma forma, todos os isolados eram resistentes ao CH3COOH, demonstrando a baixa capacidade inibitória deste desinfectante. Finalmente, é confirmada uma correlação entre a resistência aos antibióticos e a resistência aos desinfectantes. Este é um factor importante que deve ser estudado uma vez que a utilização generalizada de desinfectantes poderia aumentar o espectro da resistência aos antibióticos.

Positive learning environment, academic engagement and self-regulated learning in high school students / Ambiente de aprendizaje positivo, compromiso académico y aprendizaje autorregulado en bachilleres

Abstract From the perspective of positive environment theory, supportive environments, can promote student successful academic adaptation. Accordingly, student academic success is the result of academic adaptation, and can be assessed via means of academic engagement and self-regulated learning. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the relationship between positive learning environments (POLE), academic engagement and self-regulated learning in high school students. Using a cross-sectional design, participants included 166 freshmen high school students, 76 participants of the sample were male (45.8%) and 90 were female (54.2%). Mean age was 15.2 (S.D. = .43). Before participation informed consent was obtained from parents and assent from participants. Students answered a questionnaire regarding academic support given by parents, pro-academic friends, positive family environment, and academic engagement and self-regulated learning. Using Structural Equation Modeling the results demonstrated (p<.05) that POLE represented a latent factor formed by parental academic support, pro-academic friends and positive family environment. The structural model showed that POLE was positively related to academic engagement (structural coefficient= .80); also, academic engagement was related with self-regulated learning (structural coefficient= .55) and explained 30% of student self-regulated learning. Results suggest that POLE could promote academic engagement and self-regulated learning.

Resumen De acuerdo con la teoría de ambientes positivos, los contextos donde se brinda apoyo académico pueden promover la adaptación exitosa de los estudiantes, y, a su vez, el resultado de dicha adaptación favorece su éxito académico, lo cual puede medirse con los constructos de compromiso académico y aprendizaje autorregulado en el ámbito académico. Teniendo esto en consideración, en la presente investigación se da cuenta de un trabajo de psicología positiva aplicada en el que se tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre el ambiente de aprendizaje positivo (AAP), el compromiso académico y el aprendizaje autorregulado en bachilleres mexicanos. Para esto, se diseñó un estudio de tipo correlacional en el que participaron 166 estudiantes voluntarios de primer grado de bachillerato, seleccionados por conglomerados, con consentimiento informado individual y de sus padres. Del total de participantes, 76 fueron de sexo masculino (45.8 %) y 90 de sexo femenino (54.2 %), con una edad promedio de 15.2 años (DE = .43); quienes respondieron a cuestionarios sobre apoyo académico de padres, amigos pro-académicos, ambiente familiar positivo, compromiso académico y aprendizaje autorregulado. Se realizó un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, y en los resultados se encontró, con una p < .05, que el AAP fue un factor latente formado por el apoyo académico de los padres, los amigos pro-académicos y el ambiente familiar positivo; además, en el modelo estructural, el AAP correlacionó positivamente con el compromiso académico (coeficiente estructural = .80), y este último se relacionó positivamente con el aprendizaje autorregulado de los estudiantes (coeficiente estructural = .55); finalmente el modelo estructural resultante explicó el 30 % del aprendizaje autorregulado. Para concluir, se discute respecto a la posibilidad de que el AAP promueva el compromiso académico y el aprendizaje autorregulado de los estudiantes.

Análisis microbiológico de superficies en contacto con alimentos / Microbiological analysis of surfaces in contact with food / Análise microbiológica de superfícies de contato com alimentos

RESUMEN De acuerdo a las estadísticas en Colombia los brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos se han incrementado, encontrándose los restaurantes e instituciones educativas dentro de los lugares más implicados. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la inocuidad microbiana de las superficies vivas e inertes en contacto con alimentos en restaurantes formales e informales y puestos de comida ambulante cercanos a un campus universitario. En total se seleccionaron 41 superficies para el análisis de bacterias mesófilas aerobias y Coliformes totales, que fueron posteriormente identificadas mediante pruebas bioquímicas rápidas. Los resultados evidenciaron contaminación cruzada, con altos porcentajes en bacterias mesófilas aerobias, y aunque la mayoría de los recuentos de coliformes totales se encontraron dentro del límite permisible, la identificación bacteriana demostró la presencia de varios géneros de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Además, se demostró que la capacitación en manipulación higiénica de alimentos es un buen instrumento para minimizar los recuentos de bacterias en superficies.

ABSTRACT In Colombia, foodborne illnesses have increased, being the restaurants and educational institutions within the most involved places. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial safety of living and inert surfaces in contact with food in formal and informal restaurants and street food stalls near a university campus. In total, 41 surfaces were selected for the analysis of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and total Coliform, which were subsequently identified by rapid biochemical tests. The results showed cross contamination, with high percentages in aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and although most total coliform counts are within the allowable limit, bacterial identification demonstrates the presence of several genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family In addition, training in hygienic food modifications was shown to be a good instrument to minimize bacterial counts on surfaces.

RESUMO De acordo com as estatísticas na Colômbia, os surtos de doenças de origem alimentar aumentaram, estando os restaurantes e instituições de ensino entre os mais envolvidos. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a segurança microbiana de superfícies de contato com alimentos vivos e inertes em restaurantes formais e informais e barracas de comida de rua próximas a um campus universitário. Foram seleccionadas 41 superfícies para análise de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e coliformes totais, que foram posteriormente identificadas através de testes bioquímicos rápidos. Os resultados mostraram contaminação cruzada, com altas percentagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, e embora a maioria das contagens totais de coliformes estivesse dentro do limite permitido, a identificação bacteriana demonstrou a presença de vários gêneros da família Enterobacteriaceae. Além disso, o treinamento no manuseio higiênico de alimentos demonstrou ser uma boa ferramenta para minimizar a contagem de bactérias na superfície.

Compromiso de seno cavernoso como presentación de cáncer anaplásico de tiroides / Cavernous sinus involvement as presentation of anaplastic thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an uncommon malignant tumor, usually fatal, primarily affecting older adults and doesn't have effective systemic therapy. The median survival is less than 6 months from diagnosis. Brain metastases are low frequency and reach 18 percent. We present the case of a patient with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who takes an aggressive form, becoming anaplastic carcinoma, with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) manifested by paralysis of the cranial nerve IV, which is rare clinical condition.

Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides en tiroides lingual, presentación de un caso / Differentiated thyroid cancer in the lingual thyroid, presentation of a case

The lingual thyroid carcinoma is very uncommon neoplasia with an incidence of less than 1 percent. The papillary variant is the most frequent. Cervical MRI helps differentiate muscle from thyroid tissue. The definitive diagnosis is given by histology. Management is similar to that of orthotopic thyroid cancer. We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with hypothyroidism undergoing treatment with dysphagia and sensation of pharyngeal foreign body and malodorous oral bleeding. Nasopharyngoscopy showed a rounded mass at the base of the tongue; the biopsy was compatible with thyroid neoplasia. Image study with ultrasound confirms empty thyroid bed with presence of lingual ectopic thyroid. The team of surgeons performed surgery with Trotter Technique, they removed a tumor of 4 centimeters of diameter. The definitive biopsy concludes minimally invasive follicular carcinoma. The treatment was completed with 100 mCi of radioiodine. Systemic screening at 7 days was negative, as the post-operative thyroglobulin (Tg)

Guía clínica GES de artritis idiopática juvenil 2014 / 2014 GES clinical guideline of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

La artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) ha sido definida por la Liga Internacional de Asociaciones de Reumatología (ILAR) como artritis de etiología desconocida que se inicia antes de los 16 años y dura por al menos seis semanas, habiendo excluido otras condiciones conocidas. La AIJ es una enfermedad cubierta por el sistema de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) del Ministerio de Salud de Chile desde 2010. La presente guía, desarrollada por el Grupo Pediátrico de la Sociedad Chilena de Reumatología, consiste en una actualización de la Guía Clínica de AIJ 2010, incorporando nuevos protocolos terapéuticos y medicamentos que han demostrado un claro beneficio para niños con AIJ...

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been defined by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology as arthritis of unknown etiology that begins before the sixteenth birthday and persists for at least 6 weeks with other known conditions excluded. JIA is a disease that is covered by the Explicit Health Guarantees system of the Chilean Ministry of Health since 2010. The present guideline developed by the Pediatric Group of the Chilean Rheumatology Society is an update of the 2010 JIA Clinical Guideline incorporating new treatment protocols and medications that have demonstrated clear benefits in children with JIA...

Calidad de vida y estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal o trasplante renal / Quality of life and coping strategies in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation

Se comparó la calidad de vida y las estrategias de afrontamiento en 120 pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal o trasplante renal, teniendo en cuenta la edad, sexo, escolaridad, estado civil y ocupación. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una ficha sociodemográfica, la prueba de calidad de vida WHOQOL-100 (Organización Mundial de la Salud, 1998) y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (Lazarus & Folkman, 1985). Se encontró que los pacientes en tratamiento de trasplante reportaban mayor calidad de vida y mejores estrategias de afrontamiento en comparación con los otros tratamientos, siendo mayores las puntuaciones en personas con edad de transición entre adultez media y tardía, mujeres, con estudios universitarios, casados y empleados. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos.

This study compares the quality of life and the coping strategies in 120 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation. This comparison is made taking into account patients’ age, sex, education level, marital status and occupation. The instruments used were a sociodemographic record, the quality of life assessment instrument WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization, 1998) and the coping strategies questionnaire (Lazarus & Folkman, 1985). It was found that treatment of transplant patients reported better quality of life, and better coping strategies compared to patients in other treatments; particularly, treatment of transplant patients that were married, that were employed, that were in the transition between middle and late adulthood, women and patients with college, showed higher scores in quality of life and coping strategies than other groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Factores asociados con el inicio temprano de relaciones sexuales en estudiantes adolescentes de un colegio de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Associated Factors with Early Initiation of Sexual Relations in Adolescent Students of a School in Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Antecedentes: la edad de inicio de las actividades sexuales en adolescentes ha disminuido en forma paulatina. Tal hecho está relacionado con conductas de alto riesgo para la salud física y mental de los adolescentes. Objetivo: establecer la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales y algunos factores asociados en adolescentes escolarizados. Método: fue realizado un estudio de corte transversal. Una encuesta autoadministrada fue aplicada a 646 estudiantes de un colegio oficial de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Un total de 122 estudiantes (18,9%) informó haber relaciones sexuales. Se tomaron como casos 64 adolescentes que manifestaron inicio de relaciones antes de cumplir catorce años y se compararon con el grupo de 58 estudiantes que refirió un inicio posterior a los catorce años y con un grupo de estudiantes de catorce años o más que negó haber tenido relaciones sexuales. Resultados: el análisis multivariado mostró que el inicio temprano guardaba relación positiva con la edad menor y sexo masculino. Conclusiones: los adolescentes de este colegio de Bucaramanga inician relaciones sexuales antes de alcanzar la mayoría de edad. Se necesita mayor investigación y promover la educación sexual en instituciones educativas.

Background: The age of initiation of sexual relations has been gradually declining. Early initiation of coital activities is related to highrisk behaviors for physical and mental health in adolescents. Objective: To establish the age of initiation of sexual relations and some related factors in scholarized adolescents. Method: A transversal study was performed. A self-administered survey was applied to 646 students of a public school in Bucaramanga, Colombia. A total of a 122 students (18.9%) informed having had sexual intercourse. 64 adolescents that declared initiation of sexual relations before age 14 were taken as cases and were compared with a group of 58 students that declared beginning of sexual relations after age 14 and with a group of students aged 14 or more that declared to never have had sexual relations. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that early initiation had a positive relation with younger age and male gender. Conclusions: Adolescents from this school in Bucaramanga begin sexual relations before coming of age. More research and promotion of sexual education in educational institutions is needed.