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OBJECTIVES@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Zusanli"(ST 36) on the gastric emptying rate, the level of serotonin (5-HT) and the protein expression of motilin (MTL), ghrelin, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the antral tissue of the rats with functional dyspepsia (FD) and explore the effect mechanism of EA in treatment of FD.@*METHODS@#A total of 21 SPF male SD rat pups were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and an EA group, with 7 rats in each group. In the model group and the EA group, FD model was prepared by the gavage with 0.1% sucrose iodoacetamide solution combined with the modified small platform method. After the successful modeling, EA was applied to "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Zusanli"(ST 36) in the rats of the EA group, with disperse-dense wave, 20 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, stimulated for 30 min, once daily, for 7 days consecutively. Before and after intervention, the general condition of the rats was observed in each group. After the completion of intervention, the gastric emptying rate was measured, the morphological changes of gastric antral tissue were observed using HE staining, the level of 5-HT was detected with ELISA method, and the protein expression of MTL, ghrelin, SP, and VIP was determined with Western blot method in the antral tissue of rats.@*RESULTS@#In the normal group, the rats were in a good mental state, with lustrous fur, flexible movement and the increase of food intake and body mass. In the model group, the rats were poor in mental state, lack of lustre in fur, preference for the body curled up, reduced activity and response; and a part of rats had loose stool, obviously enlarged gastric body and gastric food retention. In the EA group, the general condition of rats, e.g. the mental state, food intake and activity, were improved, the gastric body got smaller obviously and the gastric food retention was reduced when compared with the model group. The antral structure was intact, the glands were rich and no injury of the gastric mucosa was found, e.g. inflammatory reaction and edema in the rats of each group. Compared with the normal group, the gastric emptying rate was decreased (P<0.01), 5-HT level was increased (P<0.01), the protein expression of MTL and ghrelin was reduced (P<0.01) and that of VIP was elevated (P<0.01) in the rats of the model group. The gastric emptying rate was increased (P<0.01), 5-HT level was decreased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of MTL and ghrelin was elevated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the rats of the EA group when compared with those in the model group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electroacupuncture at "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Zusanli"(ST 36) may effectively relieve gastric dysfunction, strengthen gastric motility and promote gastric emptying so as to alleviate the symptoms of dyspepsia in FD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones in the antral tissue.
Subject(s)
Rats , Male , Animals , Electroacupuncture , Dyspepsia/therapy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Ghrelin , Gastrointestinal Hormones , Serotonin , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide , Acupuncture PointsABSTRACT
@#AIM: To compare the differences of corneal diameter measured with wavelight anterior segment analyzer(Wavelight),IOL-master optical bio-measurement(LS900), anterior segment OCT(AS-OCT)and gauge.<p>METHODS: Totally 89 patients(177 eyes)with myopia who want to accept ICL were examined before operation with more than five kinds of instruments respectively, white to white(WTW)were examined with Wavelight, IOL-master, LS900 and gauge, angle to angle(ATA)with AS-OCT. Then the size of ICL was calculated based on the value of gauge. The vault of ICL was examined with OCT 3mo after operation.<p>RESULTS: WTW was(12.45±0.73, 11.96±0.39, 11.92±0.36, 11.49±0.30)mm measured by Wavelight, IOL-Master, LS900 and gauge respectively, ATA was(11.80±0.44)mm with AS-OCT. The value of gauge was the smallest one among them(all <i>P</i><0.01). Among four instruments, there was no statistical difference between LS900 and AS-OCT(<i>P</i>=0.098), they can instead of each other; there were differences among other instruments(<i>P</i><0.01). The size of ICL based on gauge was(12.77±0.37)mm. The vault of ICL is(537.41±181.22)μm 3mo after implantation obtained by OCT.<p>CONCLUSION: Gauge is ideal tool for measuring corneal diameter, it cannot be instead. Wavelight, IOL Master, LS900 and AS-OCT can be taken as reference.
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· AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy at early stage after femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) combined with collagen cross-linking.· METHODS:Totally 30 myopia patients (60 eyes) received FS-LASIK combined with collagen cross-linking from July 2016 to August 2017 in our hospital were tested the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),Ks,Kf,surface regular index (SRI),surface asymmetry index (SAI) by corneal topography (TMS) preoperatively,1,3mo after operation.The corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc),Goldmann correlated IOP value (IOPg),corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH) tested by ocular response analyzer (ORA) were also observed.Ziemer Galilei Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer detected the anterior diopter and the corneal thickness.Endothelial cell density were examined.· RESULTS:The postoperative UCVA remained beyond 0.8 including 26 eyes (43％) of 1d,55 eyes (92％) of 1mo,50 eyes (83％) of 3mo.IOPcc,IOPg,CRF,CH at postoperative 1mo significantly decreased comparing with preoperative (P＜0.01).IOPcc,IOPg,CRF,CH at postoperative 3mo did not change significantly comparing with 1mo (P＞0.05).The corneal topographic map parameters of Ks and Kf significantly decreased at postoperative 1mo (P ＜ 0.01),while SRI and SAI increased significantly (P＜0.01) on comparison of 1mo and preoperative.Ks of postoperative 3mo was significantly higher than that of 1 mo (P＜0.05),while Kf did not change significantly (P＞ 0.05).There was a significant decrease in SRI and SAI between 3mo and 1mo after operation (P＜ 0.05).In Galileo analysis on comparison of 3mo and 1mo,Sim Ks,Sim Kf had 0.94D,0.95D growth and the front and back surface value of Kf increased more at 3mo postoperative (P＜0.01),while Ks was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in corneal thickness between the central point and the thinnest point (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant endothelial cell loss throughout follow up (3059.95±247.87/mm2 vs 3052.87± 267.71/mm2;t=0.279,P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Refractive corneal surgery combined with collagen cross linking for high degree,thin cornea,uneven thickness of the cornea,topographic anomalies except for the patients with keratoconus,play a role in stabilizing corneal shape and increasing corneal biomechanics early.
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AIM:To evaluate the influence on corneal biomechanics after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and Femto LDV laser flapping in laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS:Preoperatively,1mo after surgery,101 patients (202 eyes) with myopia in each group respectively by SMILE and FS-LASIK were examined by ocular response analyzer (ORA).Parameters were compared between postoperative (1 mo) and preoperative.Comparisons included the corneal thickness and corneal compensated intraocular pressure (Iopcc),Goldmann correlated lOP value(Iopg),corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH).RESULTS:SMILE group:IOPcc,IOPg (1mo postoperatively,13.84 ± 2.22,10.81 ± 2.52mmHg) significantly changed comparing with preoperative (16.15±2.90,15.95±3.08mmHg;t=-13.58,-32.91;both P＜0.01).CRF and CH (1 mo postoperatively,7.52±1.41,8.66±1.19mmHg) significantly changed comparing with preoperative (10.72± 1.61,10.60± 1.43;t=-41.21,-24.03;both P＜0.01).The difference were 3.19±1.10,1.93± 1.14mmHg respectively.FS-LASIK group:Iopcc and Iopg (1mo postoperatively,13.99 ± 2.33,10.10 ± 2.55mmHg) significantly changed comparing with preoperative (15.88±3.29,14.86±3.34mmHg;t=-10.09、-23.00;both P＜0.01).CRF,CH (1mo postoperaturely,6.68 ± 1.14,7.90 ± 1.27mmHg) significantly changed comparing with preoperative (9.93 ± 1.85,9.98 ± 1.60mmHg;t=-24.84,-18.90;both P＜0.01).The difference were 3.25±1.86,2.08±1.57mmHg respectively.Changes of CRF and CH were significantly different between two groups (t=-0.351,-1.081;both P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:The postoperative corneal biomechanics and lOP measurements are lower than preoperative.SMILE are lower than FS-lasik in changes of CRF,CH.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate water exposure modes and times of different populations in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic areas and to inform about the control strategies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 1054 residents from populations around Qionghai Lake were randomly sampled according to occupation for a retrospective questionnaire survey in November 2001. Each individual was interviewed for his/her mode, frequency, and duration of water exposure occurring between April and October 2001.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average exposure times and intensity were higher in farmers (median: 16 - 18 min/day and 2.41 - 2.5, respectively) who grow rice, tobacco, and vegetables than others (median: 3.74 - 7.39 min/day and 0.81 - 1.52, respectively); exposure frequency was found highest in farmers (median: 2.04 times/day) in all occupations; schoolchildren had low exposure frequency and times, but very high exposure intensity (median 2.34). Between April and June it is an agriculturally busy season, that is also a peak season of water exposure of adults. Schoolchildren's water exposure peaks on July and August, mainly due to playing water and swimming. Exposure times and intensities were higher in females than in males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Water exposure modes, times, and intensities of different populations were different in mountainous schistosomiasis endemic areas of Xichang. Between April and June should be the peak infection season of adults who are engaging in agricultural activities, while July to August should be the peak infection season for schoolchildren with non-agricultural activities.</p>