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OBJECTIVE@#To utilized the baseline data of the Beijing Fangshan Family Cohort Study, and to estimate whether the association between a healthy lifestyle and arterial stiffness might be modified by genetic effects.@*METHODS@#Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan district, Beijing were included in this study. We developed a healthy lifestyle score based on five lifestyle behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), dietary pattern, and physical activity. The measurements of arterial stiffness were brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI). A variance component model was used to determine the heritability of arterial stiffness. Genotype-environment interaction effects were performed by the maximum likelihood methods. Subsequently, 45 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the glycolipid metabolism pathway were selected, and generalized estimated equations were used to assess the gene-environment interaction effects between particular genetic loci and healthy lifestyles.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 302 study subjects across 3 225 pedigrees were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 56.9 years and 45.1% male. Heritability of baPWV and ABI was 0.360 (95%CI: 0.302-0.418) and 0.243 (95%CI: 0.175-0.311), respectively. Significant genotype-healthy diet interaction on baPWV and genotype-BMI interaction on ABI were observed. Following the findings of genotype-environment interaction analysis, we further identified two SNPs located in ADAMTS9-AS2 and CDH13 might modify the association between healthy dietary pattern and arterial stiffness, indicating that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern might attenuate the genetic risk on arterial stiffness. Three SNPs in CDKAL1, ATP8B2 and SLC30A8 were shown to interact with BMI, implying that maintaining BMI within a healthy range might decrease the genetic risk of arterial stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#The current study discovered that genotype-healthy dietary pattern and genotype-BMI interactions might affect the risk of arterial stiffness. Furthermore, we identified five genetic loci that might modify the relationship between healthy dietary pattern and BMI with arterial stiffness. Our findings suggested that a healthy lifestyle may reduce the genetic risk of arterial stiffness. This study has laid the groundwork for future research exploring mechanisms of arterial stiffness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Ankle Brachial Index , Cohort Studies , Gene-Environment Interaction , Vascular Stiffness/genetics , Pedigree , Pulse Wave Analysis/methods , GenotypeABSTRACT
The Ministry of Education and other four departments jointly issued the Notice on the Construction of high-level schools of public Health, proposing that "it will take ten years to build a number of high-level schools of public health, and form a high-quality education development system to adapt to the construction of modern public health system". At present, the construction of high-level public health schools in various universities in China is in full swing. The high-level School of Public Health and the CDC have played an important role in constructing the national public health system and the human health community. The high-level public health schools are of strategic significance and important value to the development of the CDC. The review presents reflections and insights on the role of high-level public health schools in the development of the CDC and the challenges they might face.
Subject(s)
Humans , United States , Schools, Public Health , Schools , Universities , Public HealthABSTRACT
Abstract Background As a progressive cerebrovascular disease, Moyamoya Disease (MMD) is a common cause of stroke in children and adults. However, the early biomarkers and pathogenesis of MMD remain poorly understood. Methods and material This study was conducted using plasma exosome samples from MMD patients. Next-generation high-throughput sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of ideal exosomal miRNAs that could be used as potential biomarkers of MMD were performed. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for predicting events. Results Exosomes were successfully isolated and miRNA-sequence analysis yielded 1,002 differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in axon guidance, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs (miR-1306-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-320b, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-489-3p, miR-501-3p, and miR-487-3p) were found to be associated with the most sensitive and specific pathways for MMD prediction. Conclusions Several plasma secretory miRNAs closely related to the development of MMD have been identified, which can be used as biomarkers of MMD and contribute to differentiating MMD from non-MMD patients before digital subtraction angiography.
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Objective @# A titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is designed and manufactured using the technology of computed tomography (CT), computer aided design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEA), and selective laser melting (SLM) to well match the patient tooth so as to realize mold-free manufacturing. @*Methods@#A model of a titanium personalized orthodontic bracket which is built by CT scanning machine and Pro/E software, is imported into Ansys software to carry out finite element simulation analysis with nonlinear contact method. Then, the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is proposed after the model data above is imported to SLM molding equipment via titanium powder melted with layer by layer using a high-speed scanning galvanometer. @*Results @#The maximum equivalent stress of the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket is distributed uniformly and reasonably, the titanium personalized orthodontic bracket formed by SLM molding equipment can provide high accuracy and there is a high similarity between the bottom of the orthodontic bracket and the tooth surface shape.@*Conclusion @#The combination of CT, CAD, FEA, SLM technology can fulfill model-free manufacturing of the personalized orthodontic bracket and thus shorten the manufacturing cycle.
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Bisphenol-A (BPA), a known endocrine-disrupting chemical that is distributed world wide, is extensively employed in industry, dentistry and consumer household products. This study was conducted to explore the estrogenic effects of BPA on the male freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium asperulum, by examining the daily survival rate, molting frequency, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and levels of vitellogenin-like protein. Results revealed that BPA can elicit the expression of vitellogenin-like protein (0.09 and 0.09 mg P·(mg protein)-1, respectively) in male organisms exposed to 0.1 and 1 ng l-1 BPA at day 7. Moreover, prawns were perceived to be sensitive to estrogenic compounds. Hence, it can be concluded that M. asperulum can be used as a species for biomonitoring, and levels of vitellogenin-like protein in males are a useful biomarker for detecting estrogenic contaminations.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that cause malformed frogs in upstream Kaoping river (KP site) and Tungkang river (T site) of Southern Taiwan. In this experiment, the activities of monooxygenase (MO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) as well as the concentration of vitellogenin (Vg) in the liver were measured. Results show that activities of MO, GST and AchE, and Vg levels in normal frogs (male/female) were 0.09±0.02/0.09±0.01 DA min-1 mg-1 protein, 0.12±0.04/0.13±0.04DA min-1 mg-1 protein, 6.13±2.69/6.01±2.09 U mg-1 protein and 0.87±0.42/2.18±0.50 μg mg-1 protein, respectively. Activities of MO, GST and AchE, and Vg levels in malformed frogs (male/female) were 0.15±0.04/0.21±0.07DA min- 1 mg-1 protein, 0.27±0.08/0.30±0.12DA min-1 mg-1 protein, 4.59±2.71/5.19±3.74 U mg-1 protein and 1.46±0.61/ 3.15±0.88μg mg-1 protein, respectively in KP site, and were 0.16±0.69/0.18±0.07DA min-1 mg-1 protein, 0.21±0.07/0.24±0.08DA min-1 mg-1 protein, 5.13±4.58/3.94±1.33 U mg-1 protein and 2.23±1.47/4.11±1.63 μg mg-1 protein, respectively in T site. These results indicate that male and female malformed frogs in both rivers upstream are found with higher activities. No significant difference in AchE activity was found between normal and malformed frogs in this investigation. It is therefore reasonable to speculate that the organic chemicals released from agricultural activities are presumable the main factors that lead to the malformation of frogs.
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In this study, we found many amphibians with bizarre appearances, known as malformations in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan. For this investigation we collected frogs inhabiting the Kaoping and Tungkang river watersheds between February 2006 and June 2007. Among the total number of 10,909 normal frogs (i.e., anurans) collected during the investigation period, the Indian rice frogs (Rana limnocharis) account for the greatest number; next is the Chinese bullfrog (Rana rugulosa). Of all the 244 captured malformed frogs, the Indian rice frog account for the greatest proportion. These malformed frogs have their main distribution in upstream areas of these two rivers. Our result indicates that the appearance rate of malformed frogs is 1.8% in the upstream reaches of the Kaoping River and 2.6%, and 0.8%, respectively in the upstream and midstream reaches of the Tungkang river. The most-commonly-found malformation is the lack of palms, followed by the lack of appendages, exostosis, and a malformed appendicular. It is, therefore, reasonable to speculate that the causes for the malformation may be related to the increased organic pollutants and agricultural chemicals used in the upstream reaches of these two rivers.
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Objective To summarize the clinical expedence in surgical treatment and prognosis of artrial septal defect(ASD)in adults and to know well the surgical indication of ASD in adults.Methods 32 patients over 20 years old with the left to right shunt and preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure less than 8kPa underwent direct surgical repair for ASD under extra corporeal circulation.Results All patients survived after surgery,there was no surgical mortality in our group.32 patients were followed-up,29 of them with disappearing symptoms and 3 of them still had various symptoms.Conclusion The following condition ASD in adults who have slight to moderate clinical symptoms should be operated:cardiac enlargement eardiothoracic ratio over 50% and pneumonemia in X-ray films;right ventricular hypertrophy with a right axis deviation of incomplete right bundle branch block on the electrocardiogram;diameter of ASD over 1.5cm in ultrasonic cardiogram.