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Objective:To evaluate the effect of sugammadex on the long-term prognosis in the patients undergoing kidney transplantation.Methods:American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients of either sex, aged 18-64 yr, underwent donation after cardiac death renal transplantation from January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021, were included in this study. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and then the patients were divided into 2 groups: sugammadex group (group S) and control group (group C). The complications at 1 yr after surgery and patient/graft survival at 1 and 3 yr after surgery were recorded.Results:A total of 645 patients were finally enrolled in this study, with 319 patients in group S and 326 patients in group C. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications within 1 yr after surgery between two groups ( P>0.05). The overall patient survival rate at 1 and 3 yr after surgery were 94.7% and 92.8% respectively, and the death-censored graft survival at 1 and 3 yr after surgery were 94.4% and 89.4% respectively in group S. The overall patient survival rate at 1 and 3 yr after surgery were 96.6% and 94.7% respectively, and the death-censored graft survival at 1 and 3 yr after surgery were 93.9% and 88.6% respectively in group C. There was no significant difference in patient/graft survival rate between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Sugammadex has no obvious effect on the long-term prognosis in the patients undergoing kidney transplantation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of controlled low central venous pressure with milrinone on laparoscopic hepatectomy in the patients.Methods:Fifty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of Child-Pugh grade A or B, undergoing elective laparoscopic hepatectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=25 each) using a random number table method: milrinone group (group M) and nitroglycerin group (group NG). After the start of surgery, milrinone 0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 was continuously infused in group M, and nitroglycerin was continuously infused with the initial dose of 0.5 μg·kg -1·min -1 to maintain central venous pressure (CVP)≤5 mmHg in group NG.Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded on admission to the operation room (T 0), at skin incision (T 1), at the beginning of liver resection (T 2), at completion of liver resection (T 3), at the end of operation (T 4), and CVP, cardiac index and stroke volume variation were recorded at T 1-4.Internal jugular vein blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of hemogloblin, blood lactate at T 1 and T 4, and serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine concentrations at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery.The score of blood oozing in hepatic surgical field, amount of norepinephrine used, blood loss, postoperative recovery and occurrence of complications within 7 days after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with group NG, cardiac index was significantly increased at T 2, 3, the CVP was decreased at T 2, the blood oozing score, blood loss, consumption of norepinephrine, and concentrations of blood lactate were decreased, and the postoperative drainage indwelling time was shortened in group M ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine concentrations and incidence of postoperative complications at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Milrinone is better than nitroglycerin in decreasing central venous pressure, reducing blood loss, maintaining stable circulatory function and tissue perfusion in laparoscopic hepatectomy.
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Objective:To explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided anterior serratus plane block (SAPB) in anesthesia and postoperative analgesia of thoracoscopic surgery and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2019, a total of 90 patients with thoracoscopic surgery in Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan were randomly divided into three groups, 30 cases in each group. Group A received routine general anesthesia; Group B received preoperative SAPB+ routine general anesthesia; Group C was treated preoperatively SAPB+ single dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine+ routine general anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of the three groups were compared after entering the room, immediately after intubation, during skin incision and immediately after extubation. The intraoperative dosage of propofol and remifentanil, the effective pressing times of analgesic pump within 48 hours, the dosage of sufentanil, the level of analgesia, adverse reactions and satisfaction were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in MAP and HR of the three groups of patients when they entering the room ( P>0.05); the MAP and HR of the three groups at the time of intubation, skin incision and extubation were higher than those at the time of entry ( P<0.05); the MAP and HR of B group and C group were lower than group A at the time of intubation, skin incision and extubation (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative doses of remifentanil and propofol among the three groups (all P>0.05). The effective pressing times of analgesic pump and the dosage of sufentanil in group B and group C within 48 hours were lower than those in group A (all P<0.05). The pain scores in resting state and cough state at 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours after operation in group C were lower than those in group B and group A (all P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in group B and group C was lower than that in group A (all P<0.05). The postoperative satisfaction of group B and group C was higher than that of group A (all P<0.05). Conclusions:SAPB guided by ultrasound combined with general anesthesia and single dose of dexmedetomidine can effectively improve hemodynamic indexes, relieve pain, and have high safety and satisfation in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. The treatment effect is significant and can be widely used in clinical practice.
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Objective:To compare the efficacy of sugammadex versus neostigmine on reversal of rocuronium-induced residual neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing renal transplantation. Methods:The clinical data of patients undergoing kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into sugammadex group (group S) and neostigmine group (group N) according to the use of muscle relaxant antagonists.The onset time of antagonism, time of tracheal extubation, and time of postanesthesia care unit stay were recorded.The creatinine clearance rate was recorded before operation and at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation.The occurrence of postoperative complications was recorded.Results:A total of 603 patients were enrolled in this study, with 278 patients in group S and 325 patients in group N. Compared with group N, the onset time of antagonism, time of extubation , and time of postanesthesia care unit stay were significantly shortened, the incidence of hypoxemia within 24 h after surgery and pulmonary infection occurred within 7 days after surgery was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the creatinine clearance rate at each time point and incidence of postoperative cardiovascular complications and graft complications in group S ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with neostigmine, sugammadex can reverse rocuronium-induced residual neuromuscular blockade more quickly, which is helpful for early recovery with a higher safety when applied in the patients undergoing renal transplantation.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the activity of Janus kinase 2/signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-eight clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 230-280 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=16 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),cerebral I/R group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (U group).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 h followed by reperfusion.Ulinastatin 100 000 U/kg was injected via the femoral vein immediately after beginning of cerebral ischemia in group U.Neurologic deficit was evaluated and scored (NDS) at 24 h of reperfusion.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed for measurement of the cerebral infarct size (by TTC staining) and for determination of the expression of total JAK2,total STAT3 and phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) in the cerebral cortex.Results Compared with S group,NDS and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased,and the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 in the cerebral cortex was up-regulated in I/R group and U group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,NDS and cerebral infarct size were significantly decreased,and the expression of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 in the cerebral cortex was down-regulated in U group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of total JAK2 and total STAT3 in the cerebral cortex between three groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can inhibit the activity of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway during cerebral I/R,which may be involved in the brain protective mechanism of ulinastatin in rats.
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Objective To observe the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of three kinds of spinal anesthesia methods for procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoidsand explore the preferred anesthesia method. Methods Ninety patients with PPH were enrolled in our hospital in 2016. They were randomly divided into three groups(30 patients in each group):group A(combined spinal and epidural anesthesia),group B(one point of puncture continued epidural anesthesia),and group C(two points of puncture continued epidural anesthesia). The blood pressure,heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded before operation,intraoperative and postoper-ative processes. The anesthetic effect was graded,and the anesthesia effect,urination time and urinary retention were recorded. Results The anesthesia effect of the group A and the group C was significantly better than that of the group B(P < 0.05). The urination time of the group B and the group C was shorter than that of the group A (P < 0.05). The incidence of urinary retention in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B andthe group C(P < 0.05). Conclusions The PPH can be completed under the combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and the two points of puncture continued epidural anesthesia with anesthesia effect and less traction reaction,but the latter will be a preferred option with the advantages of fast renewal and less urinary retention. It is worthy to be promoted widely.
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Objective To observe the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of three kinds of spinal anesthesia methods for procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoidsand explore the preferred anesthesia method. Methods Ninety patients with PPH were enrolled in our hospital in 2016. They were randomly divided into three groups(30 patients in each group):group A(combined spinal and epidural anesthesia),group B(one point of puncture continued epidural anesthesia),and group C(two points of puncture continued epidural anesthesia). The blood pressure,heart rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded before operation,intraoperative and postoper-ative processes. The anesthetic effect was graded,and the anesthesia effect,urination time and urinary retention were recorded. Results The anesthesia effect of the group A and the group C was significantly better than that of the group B(P < 0.05). The urination time of the group B and the group C was shorter than that of the group A (P < 0.05). The incidence of urinary retention in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B andthe group C(P < 0.05). Conclusions The PPH can be completed under the combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and the two points of puncture continued epidural anesthesia with anesthesia effect and less traction reaction,but the latter will be a preferred option with the advantages of fast renewal and less urinary retention. It is worthy to be promoted widely.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on the expression of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (GIRK1) in dorsal root ganglia of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).Methods A total of 144 healthy adult male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 200-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),dexmedetomidine group (group D),group DNP,and DNP + dexmedetomidine group (group DD).DNP model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg.In D and DD groups,dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg/kg was injected intrathecally at 14 days after citrate buffer or STZ injection,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.The mechanical pain threshold was measured before STZ injection (T0),at 14 days after STZ injection (T1),and at 2,4 and 6 h after intrathecal injection (T:2-4).After measurement of the mechanical pain threshold at T2-4,the rats were sacrificed,and the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbar segment (L4-6) were removed for determination of the number of GIRK1 positive cells and expression of GIRK1 protein by immunofluorescence and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared with group DNP,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased,the number of GIRK1 positive cells in dorsal root ganglia was significantly increased,and the expression of GIRK1 was significantly up-regulated at T2-4 in group DD (P＜0.05).Compared with group D,the number of GIRK1 positive cells in dorsal root ganglia was significantly increased,and the expression of GIRK1 was significantly up-regulated at T2-4 in group DD (P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at T1-4 in group DNP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal dexmedetomidine attenuates DNP through up-regulating the expression of GIRK1 in dorsal root ganglia of rats.
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Objective To investigate the protection effect of dexmedetomidine against H2O2 injury in Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2 cells). Methods HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into four groups(n = 24): control group, dexmedetomidine pretreatment group, H2O2 injury group, H2O2 injury +dexmedetomidine pretreatment group. Cell viabilities were measured by MTS assay, cell apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry, and expression of HIF-1α protein was quantified by western blot. HK-2 cells were divided into 8 groups by combining with three treatment factors such as PI3K inhibitor LY294002, dexmedetomidine and H2O2 injury. MTS assay was used to detect cell viability and western blot was used to quantify protein expression of HIF-1α,Bcl-2 and Bax after treatment in each group. Results Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the level of HIF-1α、 Bcl-2 in HK-2 cells after H2O2 injury, thus improved viabilities and reduced apotosis of cells. Moreover, effect on H2O2 injury cells of Dexmedetomidine was reversed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could protect against H2O2 injury by up-regulating HIF-1α expression through activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.
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Background and purpose: Gap junctions(GJ) could enhance cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents. However, whether or not GJ composed of connexin 43 (Cx43) could increase etoposide cytotoxicity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of GJ composed of Cx43 on etoposide cytotoxicity in testicular cancer cells. Methods: Eighteen-glycyrrhetinic acid and siRNA were used to inhibit GJ function. Retinoid acid was used to enhance GJ function.“Parachute”dye-coupling assay was used to examine dye spread through GJ composed of Cx43 in MLTC-1 cells. “Standard colony-forming assay” was used to examine cell survivals of MLTC-1 cells treated with etoposide. Results: Assayed by “parachute” dye-coupling assay, the dye spread through GJ in MLTC-1 cells was significantly decreased by 18-glycyrrhetinic acid however increased by retinoid acid. Cx43 expression and GJ function in MLTC-1 cells were inhibited by Cx43-siRNA. Results from “standard colony-forming assay” showed that etoposide cytotoxicity was decreased by 18-glycyrrhetinic acid and siRNA, however enhanced by GJ function enhancer retinoid acid. Conclusion:The function inhibition of Cx43 composed GJ in MLTC-1 cells could decrease etoposide cytotoxicity. The enhancement of GJ composed of Cx43 in MLTC-1 could increase etoposide cytotoxicity.
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Background and purpose:Gap junctions (GJ) could enhance cytotoxicity induced by chemo-therapeutic agents. Previous studies have showed that some of anesthetics exerted effect on GJ and thereby affected the cytotoxicity of X-ray. However, it is still unclear whether etomidate, a commonly used anesthesia adative agent, could alter GJ intercellular communication in tumor cells. This study explored the effect of etomidate on GJ composed of connexin 43 in U87 malignant glioma cells to provide mechanism clues for studies on the effect of anesthetics on the toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents.Methods:Sulforhodamine B was used to examine the toxicity of etomidate on U87 malignant gli-oma cells. The effect of etomidate on GJ function was determined by parachute dye-coupling assay.Results:Pretreatment of etomidate at the concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1 or 5 μmol/L for 4 h did not induce cytotoxicity in U87 cells. So etomidate at these concentrations would not reduce the amount of GJ on U87 cell membranes. Parachute dye-coupling assay had showed that treatment with 0.5 and 1 μmol/L etomidate for 4 h significantly decreased the dye spread through GJ in U87 cells, while 0.1 μmol/L etomidate had no effect on dye spread of U87 cells through GJ.Conclusion:Etomidate inhibits GJ function in glioma cells.
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Objective To evaluate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the relationship with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α).Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 220-260 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), group I/R, dexmedetomidine group (group Dex) ,and rapamicyn + dexmedetomidine group (group Rpm+Dex).Renal I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles for 35 min follow by reperfusion in anesthetized rats in I/R, Dex and Rpm+Dex groups.Bilateral renal pedicles were only exposed, and then the abdominal cavity was closed in group S.Dexdetomidine 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before I/R in group Dex.In group Rpm+Dex, rapamicyn 1.5 mg/kg and dexdetomidine 50 μg/kg were injected intraperitoneally, and renal I/R model was established 30 min later.Immediately after onset of reperfusion, and at 4 and 24 h of reperfusion (T1-3) , blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.After blood sampling at T1-3, the rats were sacrificed, and the renal specimens were obtained for detection of HIF-1αt, erythropoietin (EPO) and mTOR expression by Western blot.Their kidneys were removed at T3, and cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under microscope.Acute renal tubular necrosis was scored.The cell apoptosis in renal tissues was detected by TUNEL assay, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentrations of serum creatinine and BUN, expression of HIF-1α, EPO and mTOR at T2,3 , AI at T3 and acute renal tubular necrosis score were significantly increased in the other three groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R, the concentrations of serum creatinine and BUN were significantly decreased, and the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and mTOR was up-regulated at T2,3 , and AI and acute renal tubular necrosis score were decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Rpm + Dex (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mTOR signaling pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of renal I/R injury, which may be related to dexmedetomidine-produced up-regulation of HIF-1α expression in renal tissues of rats.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics of patients underwent cardiac valve re-placement in the anesthesia induction. METHODS:92 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into ob-servation group and control group,with 46 patients in each group. Both groups received routine anesthesia induction regimen of midazolam 1-2 mg/kg+ fentanyl 0.05 mg/kg+ propofol 1-2 mg/kg+ cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg. Observation group was additionally given dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg,within 10 min with pumps,and then maintained with 0.4 μg/(kg·h)till the end of operation;control group was additionally given constant volume of normal saline with pumps. SBP,DBP,MAP,HR,cardiac output(CO), cardiac index(CI),stroke volume(SV),stroke volume variation(SVV)before anesthesia induction(T0),5 min after medication (T1),2 min after anesthesia induction (T2),1 min after intubation (T3),3 min after intubation (T4) and 5 min after intubation (T5)were recorded in 2 groups as well as OAA/S at T0 and 5 min after pumping dexmedetomidine(T1). ADR of 2 groups during anesthesia was also recorded. RESULTS:There was no significantly difference in SVV of 2 groups at T0-T5 (P>0.05);SBP, DBP,MAP,HR,CO,CI and SV of observation group at T0-T5 were all better than those of control group,with statistical signifi-cance(P0.05),and OAA/S of observa-tion group at T1 was decreased significantly and lower than control group,with statistical significance(P0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine can reduce the influence of anesthesia on the hemodynamics of patients underwent cardiac valve re-placement with good safety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of acute incisional pain on the expression of connexin 43 in rat spinal cord dorsal horn.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty rats were assigned into control group without any treatment and incisional pain group with incision surgery. For paw incisions, a 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin and fascia of the plantar aspect of the right hind paw. After surgery, the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was assessed in response to a tactile stimulus with calibrated von Frey monofilaments at 1, 2, 4 and 24 h, respectively. The spinal cord dorsal horn of rats was isolated at 1, 2, and 4 h after the surgery to assess the expression of connexin 43 using Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 50% PWT of the rats was significantly decreased after the incision surgery, and this decrement was the most obvious at 2 and 4 h. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay showed that the expression of connexin 43 in the spinal cord dorsal horn was significantly increased in rats receiving the surgery especially at 2 and 4 h after the surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Incision surgery induces an significant increase in connexin 43 expression in rat spinal cord dorsal horn, suggestting an potential role of connexin43 in postoperative incisional pain.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Connexin 43 , Metabolism , Pain, Postoperative , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn , MetabolismABSTRACT
Background and purpose:It has been reported that gap junctional (GJ) function was signiifcantly decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines. However, the increased GJ suppress tumorigenesis and the development of liver cancer. This study therefore aimed to examine the effect of simvastatin on GJ function between Hep3b cells. Thus, the exploition of drugs to increase GJ function between liver cancer cells will provide an efifcient approach to ifght against liver tumor as well as increase cytotoxicity of antitumor agents.Methods:SRB was used to assay the toxicity of simvastatin. The effect of simvastatin on GJ function was determined by “Parachute” dye-coupling assay and scrape loading/dye transfer assay.Results:Pretreated Hep3b cells with simvastatin at the concentration of 1, 5 or 10 μmol/L for 24 h did not induce the cytotoxicity. So simvastatin at the concentration of 5 and 10 μmol/L would not reduce the amount of GJ on cell membranes. “Parachute” dye-coupling assay showed that the treatment with 5 and 10 μmol/L simvastatin for 4 h enhanced the dye spread through GJ in Hep3b cells. Similarly, scrape loading/dye transfer assay showed that simvastatin could induce the increasing spread of lucifer yellow (Ly, Sigma) around the scoifng cells with increasing concentrations.Conclusion:Simvastatin could increase the GJ function of Hep3b cells.
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Objective To observe the influence of dezocine used before end of operation on postoperative recovery and its inter-vention effect on postoperative pain in the patients with gynecological laparoscopic operation .Methods 60 patients(ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) scheduled hysterectomy operation by gynecological laparoscopy were randomly divided into the observation group (dezocine group , n=30) and the control group(normal saline group ,n=30) .Remifentanil combined with propofol was intravenously given for con-ducting endotracheal intubation general anesthesia .The observation group was given dezocine 0 .1mg/kg(diluting to 10mL by nor-mal saline) at 30-40 min before the end of operation ,while the control group was given the same volume of physiological saline . Blood pressure ,heart rate(HR) ,recovery time ,adverse reactions during the recover period and postoperative pain before induction , after injection and before recovery were recorded .Results The elevation of mean arterial pressure(MAP) and the increase of HR during the recovery period in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P0 .05) .PO2 ,PCO2 and SaO2 had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0 .05);the postoperative agitation-sedation scores(PASS) and the visual ana-logue scale(VAS) scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the oc-currence rate of chills also was lower than that in the control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Intravenous dezocine before the end of operation in the gynecological laparoscopic operation can effectively inhibit the cardiovascular stress reaction ,does not affect the re-covery speed ,moreover can decrease the restlessness during the recovery period and postoperative pain .
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone for prevention of tracheal intubation-related laryngopharyngeal complications.Methods Three hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 20-50 yr,weighing 50-80 kg,undergoing elective surgeries,requiring tracheal intubation under general anesthesia,were included and randomized into 5 groups (n =60 each).Methylprednisolone 40 and 80 mg were injected intravenously at 30 min before induction of anesthesia in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,respectively,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group Ⅲ.Methylprednisolone 40 and 80 mg were injected intravenously at 30 min before extubation in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ,respectively.The sore throat,hoarseness and cough were recorded within 24 h after extubation and the severity was evaluated at 1 and 24 h after extubation.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of sore throat,hoarseness and cough between the five groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous methylprednisolone can not effectively prevent tracheal intubation-related laryngopharyngeal complications in patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods One hundred and thirty-five male adult SpragueDawley rats,weighing 230-280 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =45 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group and ulinastatin group (group U).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 3.5 ml/kg.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 repeffusion.In U group,ulinastatin 100000 U/kg was injected immediately after beginning of reperfusion,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in S and I/R groups.The rats were sacrificed at 6,24 and 48 h of repeffusion and brains were removed for determination of infract volume (by TTC),brain water content and expression of AQP4 (by immunohistochemistry) in brain tissues.Results Compared with S group,the infarct volume and brain water content were significantly increased,and the expression of AQP4 was up-regulated at each time point in I/R and U groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the infarct volume and brain water content were significantly decreased,and the expression of AQP4 was down-regulated at each time point in U group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ulinastatin mitigates focal cerebral I/R injury is related to down-regulation of AQP4 expression in brain tissues.
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Objective To investigate the effect of bumetanide pretreatment on focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion(I/R) injury in rats.Methods One hundred and five male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =35 each ):sham operation group(group S),focal cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and bumetanide pretreatment group (group B).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by occluding the fight middle cerebral artery with a nylon thread with a rounded tip which was inserted into internal carotid artery and advanced cranically until resistance was met in groups I/R and B.In group B bumetanide 30 mg/kg was injected iv at 10 min before ischemia.Neurologic function was assessed and scored-neurologic deficit scores (0 =no deficit,4 =unable to move).The animals were sacrificed at 3,24 and 48 h of reperfusion and their brains were immediately removed for determination of cerebral water content and expression of Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1).The infarct size was measured at 24 h of reperfusion.Results Focal cerebral I/R significantly increased neurelogic deficit scores,NKCC1 expression,cerebral water content and infarct size in group I/R as compared with group S.Bumetanide pretreatment significantly attenuated cerebral focal I/R-induced increase in neurologic deficit scores,NKCC1 expression and cerebral water content in group B as compared with group I/R.There was no significant difference in infarct size between groups I/R and B.Conclusion Bumetanide pretreatment can reduce focal cerebral I/R injury in rats,and down-regulation of NKCC1 expression is involved in the mechanism.
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BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as a promoter of inflammatory reaction, stimulates injured parts or transcription of local inflammatory gene, promotes generation of inflammatory factors, and induces pain onset; however, the mechanism on chronic inflammatory pained spinal cord has been less reported.OBJECTIVE: To explore the NF-κB expression in spinal dorsal horn and behavioral hyperalgesia by preparing rat models of complete Freurd's adjuvant arthritis.METHODS: A total of 24 SD rats were randomly divides into sham-surgery group and complete Freund's adjuvant group, with 12 rats in each group. Adjuvant arthritis model was produced by injection of 50 pL complete Fraund's adjuvant (CFA) to the right ankle joint after anesthesia. The same volume saline was injected to the rat right ankle joint in sham-surgery group. The mechanical pain threshold, paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL), the diameter of ankle, and NF-kB expression in spinal dorsal horn were investigated 2 days before and 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after CFA injection.thermal symptoms were not obvious. The inflamed symptoms significantly appeared on right ankle joint and developed to food to before injection and sham-surgery group, the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 4 days after CFA injection, and reached the lowest value at 21 days (P ＜ 0.01). The PWTL was significantly decreased at 4 days after CFA injection significantly increased in Ⅰ-Ⅵ in spinal dorsal horn in the complete Fraund's adjuvant group, which was higher than sham-surgery group (P ＜ 0.01). The results indicated that we could gain stable monoarthritis model by injecting CFA with oil-contained water intorat ankle joint space, and the model shown prolong and significant hyperalgesia to radial thermal and mechanical pressure;meanwhile, the NF-kB expression increased significantly in lamber Ⅰ-Ⅵ in spinal dorsal horn after the ankle joint arthritis.