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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in China, and the prevalence rate of HBeAg-negative CHB has been increasing year by year, causing serious harm to the security of public health in China. With reference to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HBeAg-negative CHB, this article reviews the clinical research advances in recent years and summarizes the new advances in the diagnosis and treatment of HBeAg-negative CHB.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection with ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) for the treatment of post-stroke lower limb spasticity.Methods One hundred and three stroke patients with lower limb spasticity were randomly divided into control group,observation group and treatment group.The patients in control group were given routine treatment,those in observation group were given botulinum toxin type A injection in addition to routine treatment,and those in treatment group were treated with AFO on the basis of the interventions of observation group.Before treatment and at 1,3 and 6 months after treatment,clinic spasticity index (CSI) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),Berg balance scale (BBS) and functional independence measure (FIM) were used to evaluate the efficacy of all groups.Results When compare the assessment results at 1 month after treatment with those before treatment,statistically significant difference in terms of scores of CSI,FMA and FIM were revealed in treatment group and observation group (P ＜ 0.05),but not in the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Within-group comparison with the results at 1 month after treatment,the scores of CSI at 3 and 6 months increased in control group and observation group,while decreased in treatment group(P ＜ 0.05),although the scores of FMA and FIM increased in all groups and the increase was statistically significant only in treatment group(P ＜ 0.05).Between-group comparison of the scores in CSI,FMA and FIM showed no significant difference between the observation and control groups(P ＞ 0.05).It was shown that the scores of BBS at 1,3,and 6 months improved continuously in all groups(P ＜0.05),the improvements in treatment group were significantly greater than that of observation group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injection with AFO could further improve lower limb muscle spasticity,and enhance motor,balance and activities of daily life for stroke patients.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of local injection of botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A ) combined with infrared polarized light for patients with chronic migraine ( CM ). Methods Ninety-one patients with CM were randomly divided into 4 groups.Group A served as the control group in which Nimodipine was used to treat CM ( n =22 ) ; in group B infrared polarized light was used to irradiate the area of the CM for 50 to 60 d ( n =22 ) ; in group C subcutaneous injections of BTX-A were used ( n =24 ) ; and in group D infrared polarized light irradiation of the affected area was combined with subcutaneous injections of BTX-A ( n =23 ).The onset of headaches,their severity,quality of life,as well as side effects were recorded using the migraine disability assessment scale (MIDAS) and the short form of the medical outcomes study form (MOS-SF).The results obtained before and after 6 months of treatment were compared. Results Both of MIDAS and MOS-SF assessment showed significant differences before treatment and after 1,3 and 6 months of treatment in all groups.After 1,3 and 6 months of treatment,the MIDSA and MOS-SF results revealed statistically significant differences between groups A and D,as well as between groups B and C. Conclusion BTX-A injection combined with infrared polarized light exerts significant therapeutic effects on CM with few side effects.
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Objective To observe the effects of low frequency electrostimulation(LFES)on sleep disorder of patients after acute cerebral infarction(ACI)as evaluated by using polysomnography,and on the recovery of neurological deficits. Methods Seventy cases of acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups,a treatment group and a control group.Both groups were treated with routine drugs, and the treatment group was also treated with LFES in addition.The changes of neurological deficits(ND) scores and such parameters of polysomnography as sleep latency(SL),total sleep time (TST),sleep efficiency(SE%),sleep maintenance(SMT),rapid eye movement sleep(REM),REM latency(RL),REM time(RT),REM activity(RA),REM density(RD).stage 1 sleep(S1),stage 2 sleep(S2)and deep sleep (S3+4) were observed.Results It was shown that,after treatment,both groups got significant improvement in terms of the ND scores and all the polysomnography parameters except RA,S1 and S2,(P<0.01),and the treatment group improved to a significantly greater extend when compared with the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion It is concluded that LFES could promote recovery of neural function and sleep disorder of ACI patients.