The Functional Role of SUMOylation in The Tumor Microenvironment / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Tumors continue to be a major challenge in human survival that we have yet to overcome. Despite the variety of treatment options available, we have not yet found an effective method. As more and more research is conducted, attention has been turned to a new field for tumor treatment—the tumor microenvironment (TME). This is a dynamic and complex environment consisting of various matrix cells surrounding cancer cells, including surrounding immune cells, blood vessels, extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, signaling molecules, and some specific cell types. Firstly, endothelial cells play a key role in tumor development and the immune system’s protection of tumor cells. Secondly, immune cells, such as macrophages, Treg cells, Th17 cells, are widely involved in various immune responses and activities in the human body, such as inflammation responses promoting survival carefully orchestrated by the tumor. Even though many studies have extensively researched the TME and found many research schemes, so far, no key effective method has been found to treat tumors by affecting the TME. The TME is a key interaction area between the host immune system and the tumor. Cells within the TME influence each other and interact with cancer cells to affect cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. This is a new direction for cancer treatment. In the complex environment of the TME, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have been proven to play an important role in the TME. PTMs are dynamic, strictly regulated changes to proteins that control their function by regulating their structure, spatial location, and interaction. Among PTMs, a reversible post-translational modification called SUMOylation is a common regulatory mechanism in cellular processes. It is a post-translational modification that targets lysine residues with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) in a reversible post-translational modification manner. SUMOylation is widely involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis, playing a pivotal role in the TME, such as DNA damage repair, tumor metastasis, and also participates in immune cell differentiation, activation, and inhibition of immune cells. On the other hand, SUMO or sentrin-specific protease (SENP) inhibitors can interfere with the SUMOylation process, thereby affecting many biological processes, including immune response, carcinogenesis, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis, etc. In summary, this review aims to introduce the dynamic modification of protein SUMOylation on various immune cells and the application of various inhibitors, thereby exploring its role in the TME. This is a challenging but hopeful field, and we look forward to future research that can bring more breakthroughs. In conclusion, the TME is a complex and dynamic environment that plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors. Understanding the intricate interactions within the TME and the role of PTMs, particularly SUMOylation, could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of tumor development and potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The study of SUMOylation and its effects on various immune cells in the TME is an exciting and promising area of research that could significantly advance our understanding of tumor biology and potentially lead to the development of more effective treatments for cancer. This is a challenging but hopeful field, and we look forward to future research that can bring more breakthroughs.

Infection following shoulder arthroplasty caused by Cutibacterium avi-dum:a case report and literature review / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment scheme of periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)caused by Cutibacterium avidum(C.avidum).Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with PJI caused by C.avidum was summarized,and relevant literatures in the database were retrieved for review.Results A 65-year-old female patient with body mass index(BMI)of 31.1 kg/m2 underwent left humeral head prosthesis replacement surgery following a left proximal humerus fracture.Ten months after the surgery,the pa-tient exhibited poor wound healing and oozing,along with limited movement of the left shoulder joint,and was diag-nosed infection following shoulder arthroplasty.Patient underwent debridement of the infected lesion and removal of the prosthesis.The tissue,bone cement and prosthesis were cultured for C.avidum.Four literatures were re-trieved and screened,a total of 30 patients with PJI(28 cases hip joint infection and 2 cases shoulder joint infection)caused by C.avidum were reported through literature retrieval,and 78.6％(n=22)total hip arthroplasty(THA)surgeries were performed using direct anterior approach(DAA).The positive rate of preoperative joint fluid culture was 71.4％,29 cases underwent surgical combined with sensitive antimicrobials treatment.Except for one patient who had repeated infection and underwent three surgeries,other patients had a good prognosis.Conclusion PJI caused by C.avidum is mostly seen in THA patients who are obese and undergo DAA,with a few cases reported after shoulder arthroplasty.The high sensitivity of preoperative joint fluid culture provides an important basis for the development of surgical strategies and anti-infection protocols.

Quantitative analysis of macular microcirculation changes in diabetic retinopathy patients by optical coherence tomography angiography / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the macular microcirculation changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR)by optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), and correlate the risk factors that may affect the macular microcirculation, so as to provide a clinical basis for early screening, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention for DR.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 75 patients(75 eyes)with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)who came to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic and ward of Xi'an Central Hospital from May to October 2022 were collected, and the DM patients were further divided into non-DR(NDR)group, non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group and proliferative DR(PDR)group, with 28 eyes, 25 eyes and 22 eyes in each group respectively. OCTA was applied to perform a 3mm×3mm blood flow imaging scan of the macular retina to automatically obtain the vascular density(VD)of the superficial retinal macular foveal, the parafoveal(1～3mm), as well as the macular 3mm×3mm and the area of macular foveal avascular zone(FAZ). Furthermore, the alteration of these parameters in patients with different degrees of DR was analyzed.RESULTS: Compared with the NDR group, the VD of the 3mm×3mm superficial retinal capillary(SCP)in the macular region was decreased in both PDR and NPDR group(all P<0.017), and the VD of the parafoveal was decreased in each quadrant(P<0.017), with the most significant decrease in the PDR group. The FAZ area of patients in the PDR and NPDR groups was significantly larger than that in the NDR group(P<0.017). Age, homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)of patients with DR were negatively correlated with VD in the macular foveal(P<0.05), while homocysteine, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), axial length, and the duration of diabetes were negatively correlated with VD in the macular 3mm×3mm(P<0.05). Triglycerides, best corrected visual acuity(LogMAR), and HbA1c were negatively correlated with VD in the parafoveal(P<0.05), while total cholesterol and central macular thickness had no significant correlation with VD(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The microcirculation changes in the macular area of DR patients can be monitored by OCTA, and the systemic condition of DR patients is closely related to their macular microcirculation.

Prevalence and incidence of heart failure among community in China during a three-year follow-up / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BACKGROUND@#Epidemiological surveys on heart failure (HF) in Chinese community are relatively lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HF among community residents in southern China.@*METHODS@#Baseline data of this prospective study was collected from 2015 to 2017 among 12,013 permanent residents aged ≥ 35 years in Guangzhou, China. The same survey process was carried out for individuals aged ≥ 65 years after a three-year follow-up.@*RESULTS@#The overall prevalence of HF in community residents aged ≥ 35 years was 1.06%. Male had significantly higher risk of HF prevalence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, P = 0.027]. The gender-adjusted risk of HF was 1.48 times higher per 10 years aging. HF prevalence was statistically associated with atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 8.30, 5.17, 1.11, 2.28, respectively; all P < 0.05). HF incidence in individuals aged ≥ 65 years were 847 per 100,000 person-years. Baseline atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for HF incidence for individuals aged ≥ 65 years adjusting for age and gender (OR = 5.05, 3.99, 2.11, respectively; all P < 0.05). Besides, residents with new-onset atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction were at significantly higher risk of progression to HF (OR = 14.41, 8.54, respectively; all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both pre-existing and new-onset cardiovascular diseases were associated with HF incidence in southern China. Management of related cardiovascular diseases may be helpful to reduce the incidence of HF.

Research progress on the role of glucose in regulating immune homeostasis / 中华预防医学杂志

Glucose is the central nutrient for energy metabolism and life support in the human body. As the main energy substance of the body, glucose is essential for the normal function of immune cells and their proliferation; when glucose homeostasis is disrupted in the body, it may lead to impaired immune system function and pathological conditions. Exploring the relationship between glucose metabolism and immune regulation can help establish the gene regulatory network and figure out potential pathogenic mechanisms under physiological and pathological conditions. This article reviews the current scientific research progress on glucose metabolism and immunity, mainly focusing on the physiological regulatory functions of glucose in maintaining the homeostasis of innate and acquired immunity; and summarizes the research progress on the effects and mechanisms of glucose on tumor immunity and its related therapies under pathological conditions, taking tumors as an example.

Research progress on the role of glucose in regulating immune homeostasis / 中华预防医学杂志

Glucose is the central nutrient for energy metabolism and life support in the human body. As the main energy substance of the body, glucose is essential for the normal function of immune cells and their proliferation; when glucose homeostasis is disrupted in the body, it may lead to impaired immune system function and pathological conditions. Exploring the relationship between glucose metabolism and immune regulation can help establish the gene regulatory network and figure out potential pathogenic mechanisms under physiological and pathological conditions. This article reviews the current scientific research progress on glucose metabolism and immunity, mainly focusing on the physiological regulatory functions of glucose in maintaining the homeostasis of innate and acquired immunity; and summarizes the research progress on the effects and mechanisms of glucose on tumor immunity and its related therapies under pathological conditions, taking tumors as an example.

Improved population coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine after implementation of a school-based vaccination programme: the Singapore experience

INTRODUCTION@#Cervical cancer has a high disease burden in Singapore, and it is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Despite constant efforts to encourage vaccination, local HPV vaccine uptake remains low. Universal mass vaccination is a proven cost-effective method to reduce the cervical cancer disease burden. This paper reviews the newly implemented school-based HPV vaccination programme in Singapore and the factors that led to its success.@*METHODS@#Fully subsidised HPV vaccinations were offered to all Secondary 1 female students on an opt-in basis, starting as a rollout dose in 2019. One-time catchup vaccination was also offered to female students in Secondary 2-5. Eligible recipients were identified using enrolment data provided by Ministry of Education schools. A total of 19,144 students across 139 schools were offered the rollout dose, and 20,854 students across 140 schools were offered the catchup doses.@*RESULTS@#High vaccine uptake rates of 80.6%-87.3% were noted with the introduction of the school-based programme, translating to high vaccine coverage of 90.3%-93.4%. Only a small proportion of students (1.5%-1.9% per cohort) opted out. The rate of reported side effects, which were commonly known effects, was low at one in 1000. Among the students who reported side effects, those who received the second vaccine dose did so uneventfully.@*CONCLUSION@#High HPV vaccine coverage was achieved after implementation of the school-based immunisation programme. Timely assessment of knowledge lapses and targeted intervention, strong partnerships with stakeholders, constant on-site adaptation and positive social influence contributed to its success. This model can be applied to future school health programmes.

The role and treatment strategies of ferroptosis in liver diseases / 药学学报

The discovery of regulatory cell death has led to new breakthroughs in the field of disease treatment. As a novel discovered regulatory cell death in the past decade, ferroptosis is characterized by abnormal increase of intracellular iron ions and peroxidative damage of cell membrane lipids, morphological features of mitochondrial volume reduction, increased mitochondrial membrane density, as well as mitochondria decrease or disappear. The mechanism of ferroptosis is mainly associated with factors such as iron metabolism disorder, lipid metabolism abnormality, amino acid antioxidant system imbalance and oxidative stress. Since the liver is the main organ of human body for storing iron ions, it is necessary to deeply investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in liver diseases. Relevant studies have shown that ferroptosis plays different roles in various liver diseases and is closely related to the process of liver diseases, including drug-induced liver injury, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this review is to link ferroptosis and liver diseases, concentrating on the iron metabolism disorder, accumulation of lipid peroxides in cell membranes, imbalance of amino acid antioxidant system, hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and its accumulation of lipid peroxides, oxidative stress-related transcription factors and other aspects. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanism, current situation and the roles of ferroptosis in liver diseases, in order to provide a new theoretical basis and ideas for the in-depth study of ferroptosis and the treatment of liver diseases.

A comparative study of artificial intelligence nasal polyp classification based on whole-slide imaging and JESREC diagnostic criteria / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the types and clinical characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) based on artificial intelligence and whole-slide imaging (WSI), and to explore the consistency of the diagnostic criteria of the Japanese epidemiological survey of refractory eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (JESREC) in Chinese CRSwNP patients. Methods: The data of 136 patients with CRSwNP (101 males and 35 females, aging 14 to 70 years) who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from 2018 to 2019 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analysed retrospectively. The preoperative clinical characteristics of patients were collected, such as visual analogue scale (VAS) of nasal symptoms, peripheral blood inflammatory cell count, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), Lund-Kennedy score and Lund-Mackay score. The proportion of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils were calculated on the WSI of each patient through artificial intelligence chronic rhinosinusitis evaluation platform 2.0 (AICEP 2.0), and the specific type of nasal polyps was then obtained as eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) or non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-eCRSwNP). In addition, the JESREC diagnostic criteria was used to classify the nasal polyps, and the classification results were compared with the current gold standard for nasal polyps diagnosis (pathological diagnosis based on WSI). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria of JESREC were evaluated. The data were expressed in M (Q1, Q3) and statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results: There was no significant difference between eCRSwNP and non-eCRSwNP in age distribution, gender, time of onset, total VAS score, Lund-Kennedy score or Lund-Mackay score. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio of nasal polyp inflammatory cells (eosinophils 40.5% (22.8%, 54.7%) vs 2.5% (1.0%, 5.3%), neutrophils 0.3% (0.1%, 0.7%) vs 1.3% (0.5%, 3.6%), lymphocytes 49.9% (39.3%, 65.9%) vs 82.0% (72.8%, 87.5%), plasma cells 5.1% (3.6%, 10.5%) vs 13.0% (7.4%, 16.3%), χ2 value was 9.91, 4.66, 8.28, 5.06, respectively, all P<0.05). In addition, eCRSwNP had a significantly higher level of proportion of allergic symptoms (nasal itching and sneezing), asthma, peripheral blood eosinophil and total IgE (all P<0.05). The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the JESREC diagnostic criteria was 74.3%, 81.3% and 64.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The eCRSwNP based on artificial intelligence and WSI has significant high level of allergic symptoms, asthma, peripheral blood eosinophils and total IgE, and the percentages of inflammatory cells in nasal polyps are different from that of non-eCRSwNP. The JESREC diagnostic criteria has good consistency in our research.

Discussion on the performance reform of administrative and logistics personnel in a large public hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Because the work of administrative and logistics personnel in public hospitals is difficult to quantify and evaluate, its performance reform is difficult. A large public hospital in Wuhan has explored and established a distribution incentive mechanism that combines department performance appraisal, individual classification and grading, and secondary distribution within the department. Taking into account the completion of performance appraisal indicators of the national tertiary public hospital in the department, the results of the institutional " Excellent Management Team Ranking" , personal job grades, working years and other factors, a relatively mature and operable system has been formed, which could provide reference for the performance reform of other hospitals.

Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） is a systemic disease characterized by increased bone fragility caused by insufficient estrogen secretion in women after menopause，resulting in decreased bone mass and damage to the microstructure of bone tissues. The main clinical manifestations are low back pain，osteoporotic fractures，spinal deformities，and multiple organ dysfunction. PMOP directly leads to high morbidity， high mortality， and a decline in the quality of life. In addition to miss diagnosis， it is often not treated in time. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the research on factors related to the pathogenesis of PMOP. Based on the previous findings in recent years，this article described three major pathogenesis of PMOP， including intestinal flora imbalance，oxidative stress，and abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMMSCs）， and analyzed the current status of PMOP treatment， such as syndrome differentiation and treatment，acupuncture and moxibustion，exercise therapy， and external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and basic measures，drug intervention，and physical therapy in western medicine. Among them，drug intervention in western medicine treatment is generally divided into bone resorption inhibitors，bone formation promoters，and other mechanism drugs according to the mechanism of action. This article summarized the specific methods and effects or mechanisms of TCM and western medicine in the clinical treatment of PMOP，which is expected to provide a reference for formulating reasonable health management models and drug treatments in the future.

Discussion on the moral culture construction of medical and health industry in China based on the circular cases of violating the " nine prohibitions" / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of the circular cases violating the " nine prohibitions" in recent years, so as to provide a basis for further strengthening the moral culture construction of the healthcare industry.Methods:Data came from the reported cases released on official websites of the discipline inspection committees, supervision committees and health committees at all levels in China from December 2013 to August 2021, which were identified by searching the keyword " case or report or moral culture and nine prohibitions" . Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were conducted on the reported time, region and province, as well as the involved units, departments, persons, punishment results and case classification data of all the cases.Results:A total of 102 cases violating the " nine prohibitions" were included, of which the cases from 2014 to 2015 topped the rest, accounting for 51.96%(53 cases). Top three regions of these cases were central China, east China and southwest China, with 31 cases, 27 cases and 18 cases respectively. The units involved were mainly tertiary medical institutions, accounting for 44.12%(45 cases). More medical staff(134 people) than administrative staff(85 people) were involved in the cases. The largest number of cases was receiving kickbacks, with 52 cases(50.98%). The punishment results of cases included judicial procedures(76 people), Party discipline and government discipline punishment(67 people) and organizational punishment(76 people).Conclusions:Moral culture problem in China′s healthcare sector is characterized in wide coverage, complexity, comprehensiveness and long-term. Relevant authorities should keep up their efforts in enhancing the awareness of medical workers, improving the synergy mechanism in this regard, and strengthening the internal management of medical institutions.

Anti-oxidative stress mechanism of velvet antler polypeptide in Alzheimer's disease model mice / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effect of velvet antler polypeptides (VAP) on antioxidant in Alzheimer' s disease model mice. Methods Eight months old male amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-l (PS1) double transgenic mice were selected as Alzheimer' s disease (AD) model and divided into the model group and the VAP intervention group, 12 in each group. Besides, normal mice of the same brood (with no transgene) were recruited as a control group (n= 12).After 6 months of intragastric administration, behavior, morphology and oxidative stress related indicators were detected.SH-SY5 cells were used to establish AD model of damaged by Ap2535. The expression levels of APP and p-secreatase-l(BACE1) protein in mouse hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. VAP intervention group SH-SY5Y cells was cultured with VAP (500 g/L) and amyloid P(Ap) 2535(25 ixmol/L) for 24 hours. Control group cells were normally cultured by DMEM medium. Cell apoptosis, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress related indexes were detected. Results In animal models, compared with the model group, the escape latency of mice in the VAP intervention group was shortened (P<0. 05). The neuronal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of the model group were reduced and arranged disorderly. The arrangement of the VAP intervention group was relatively regular, and the morphology was significantly improved. Compared with the model group, senile plaques were decreased in the VAP intervention group. Compared with the model group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content ol the VAP intervention group increased, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content increased, the difference was statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the APP and BACE1 content in the model group increased. Compared with the model group, the contents of APP and BACE1 in the VAP intervention group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In the cell model, the apoptosis rates of the VAP intervention group decreased. Compared with the model group, the mitochondrial membrane potential of the VAP intervention group increased, the content ol ROS decreased, the content of MDA decreased, and the content of SOD and GSH-Px increased. The difference were statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion VAP has a protective effect on oxidative stress damage caused by Alzheimer' s disease model animals and cells, which may be achieved by reducing ROS production and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce Ap deposition.

Effects of velvet antler polypeptide on Rho/ROCK pathway in APP/ PSl double transgenic mice / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effect of velvet antler polypeptides (VAP) on Rho/ROCK pathway in APP/ PSl double transgenic mice. Methods APP/PSl double transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group and velvet antler polypeptide group, 20 mice in each group, and control group consisting of 20 mice of the same litter and the same gender negative. The mice in VAP group were given velvet antler polypeptide 100 mg/kg by intragastric administration once a day for 28 days. After treatment, the water maze experiment was detected and recorded the escape latency and the number of crossing platforms of the mice; the ultrastructures of the synapse were observed by transmission electron microscopy; the expression of Rhs homolog gene family member A(RhoA) and Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase II(ROCKII) in the hippocampal CAI area were observed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of RhoA and ROCKII protein in the hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. The contents of hippocampus amyloid (3-protein(A(3),

Impact of different myopia degree on sleep quality among adolescents in Baoshan District / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of myopia and sleep quality among adolescents in Baoshan District of Shanghai, and to further analyze the association between different degree of myopia on sleep quality.@*Methods@#A total of 777 adolescents aged 9-16 years were selected by stratified cluster random method, and ophthalmology examination and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Chinese version scale and related factors questionnaire were conducted.@*Results@#The prevalence rates of myopia and sleep disorders were 68.08% and 13.77% respectively in Baoshan District of Shanghai. With the increase of age and grade, the prevalence of myopia and sleep disorder increased(χ 2=139.58, 114.17；58.00, 56.41, P＜0.01).There were significant differences in sleep disorders among different degree of myopia groups (χ 2=24.57,P<0.01), including sleep time, progressive function and PSQI total score were statistically significant (F=9.65, 7.22, 4.38, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to high and high myopia were risk factors for sleep quality of adolescents (β=0.87, 0.95, OR=2.38, 2.59, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia and sleep disorder among adolescents in Baoshan District of Shanghai is high, myopia shows impacts on sleep quality of adolescents at a certain level. Adolescents with high myopia have a higher risk of sleep disorders.

Melanoma in Singapore: A 20-year review of disease and treatment outcomes

INTRODUCTION@#Melanomas in Asians have different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis from melanomas in Caucasians. This study reviewed the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at a tertiary referral dermatology centre in Singapore, which has a multiracial population. The study also determined whether Asians had comparable relapse-free and overall survival periods to Caucasians in Singapore.@*METHOD@#This is a retrospective review of cutaneous melanoma cases in our centre between 1996 and 2015.@*RESULTS@#Sixty-two cases of melanoma were diagnosed in 61 patients: 72.6% occurred in Chinese, 19.4% in Caucasians and 3.2% in Indians, with an over-representation of Caucasians. Superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma and nodular melanoma comprised 37.1%, 35.5% and 22.6% of the cases, respectively. The median time interval to diagnosis was longer in Asians than Caucasians; median Breslow's thickness in Asians were significantly thicker than in Caucasians (2.6mm versus 0.9mm, @*CONCLUSION@#More physician and patient education on skin cancer awareness is needed in our Asian-predominant population for better outcomes.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis Analysis of Pediatric Severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical characteristics and factors affecting prognosis in children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA).@*METHODS@#Two hundred and five children with SAA treated in our department from January 2008 to April 2018 were selected, and the clinical characteristics and factors affecting prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among 205 SAA children, the effective rate (CR+PR) at 3, 6 and 12 months after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) treatment was 50.9%, 59.0% and 73.9%, respectively, and 5-year overall survival rate was 93.1%±2.0%. Univariate analysis showed that 5-year overall survival rate of SAA children of spontaneous delivery was higher than that of cesarean section (P=0.039), while multivariate analysis showed that birth way had no significant influence on 5-year overall survival rate (P>0.05). The response rate at 3 months after IST of children with a recent history of decoration before SAA onset was higher than those without history of decoration (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Most of the SAA children can achieve high response rate and overall survival rate. Patients with recent history of home/school decoration may be the factor affecting hematological response after 3 months of IST, but have no influence on long-term overall survival.

The Role of SPHK￣S1P Axis in Angiogenesis￣related Diseases / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming new blood vessels based on original blood vessels. Pathological angiogenesis is a sign of a series of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and retinopathy. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid synthesized by sphingosine kinase (SPHK) that exerts its diverse biological and pathophysiological roles through five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) and initiates various signaling cascades by activating receptors that affect cell fate, vascular tension, endothelial function and integrity, and lymphocyte transport. The imbalance ofproduction and signal is closely related to pathological processes such as endothelial dysfunction and abnormal angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the SPHK-S1P axis plays an important role in angiogenesis, especially in the development of tumors, diabetes retinopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. Studies on its roles and functions can provide new insights and drug therapeutic targets for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which the SPHK-S1P axis affects endothelial cell and smooth muscle cellproliferation, endothelial cell migration and the formation of lumen by endothelial cells, pericytes and smooth muscle cells through SPHK and S1PR1-5. The review also elaborates how the SPHK-S1P axis affects angiogenesis in tumors, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and retinopathy through SPHK and S1PR1-5, and aims to provide new therapeutic strategy for related diseases by understanding the molecular mechanism of the SPHK-S1P axis in angiogenesis.

Analysis of online public sentiment characteristics and response of public hospitals since the outbreak of COVID-19 / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation and characteristics of online public sentiments faced by public hospitals since the outbreak of COVID-19, and provide suggestions for coping strategies for such hospitals.Methods:The data of " trending topic" or " Trending hash tag" of " Wuhan Union Hospital" and " anti-epidemic" were captured on three mainstream new media platforms, namely Sina Microblog, Tik Tok and Headline Today with the help of data analysis tools of Sina and online data statistical software from December 2019 to February 2020. Content analysis method was used to analyze the occurrence frequency, time distribution and development trend of public sentiment on Internet.Results:Under the epidemic of COVID-19, public hospitals faced an exponential growth of online public sentiment. The cumulative total number of searches was 72 119 802 tens of thousands of that before the epidemic. The transmission showed fragmentation of content, instantaneous speed and higher attention to negative information, which brought great challenges for public hospitals.Conclusions:The high participation of online discussion of COVID-19 is unprecedented. Thus public hospitals should attach importance to the work related to online public sentiment, and establish corresponding coping mechanism for response.

Analysis of visual loss after non-ocular surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Visual loss after non-ocular surgery(VLNOS)includes postoperative visual loss and perioperative visual loss after non-ocular surgery. The former accident consists of the blindness during a surgery or after a surgery, and the latter accident shows the acute visual loss in perioperative period. VLNOS can be appeared in a prone spinal surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, head and neck surgery, and facial micro-plastic injection treatment, which is a rare, extremely serious complication. VLNOS is divided into predictable and unpredictable condition. Doctors of related subjects have pay attention to VLNOS, and begin to study the possible reasons, and take positive precautions.