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Compared with normal medical consumables, the management of epidemic prevention consumables in response to COVID-19 is special. Based on the practical management experience of a hospital in Shanghai, this article expounds through various aspects such as classified protection requirements, interpretation of domestic and foreign standards for epidemic prevention consumables, targeted use countermeasures, material supply of Hubei medical teams, and the management of inbound and outbound of epidemic prevention consumables, covering the whole process of epidemic prevention consumables management. The purpose of this paper is to provide ideas and references for the management of epidemic prevention materials.
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Humans , Betacoronavirus , China , Coronavirus Infections , Epidemiology , Therapeutics , Epidemics , Hospitals , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Epidemiology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic. However, Imipenem could not be marketed owing to its instability and nephrotoxicity until cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I), was developed. In present study, the potential roles of renal organic anion transporters (OATs) in alleviating the nephrotoxicity of imipenem by cilastatin were investigated and in rabbits. Our results indicated that imipenem and cilastatin were substrates of hOAT1 and hOAT3. Cilastatin inhibited hOAT1/3-mediated transport of imipenem with IC values comparable to the clinical concentration, suggesting the potential to cause a clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI). Moreover, imipenem exhibited hOAT1/3-dependent cytotoxicity, which was alleviated by cilastatin and probenecid. Furthermore, cilastatin and probenecid ameliorated imipenem-induced rabbit acute kidney injury, and reduced the renal secretion of imipenem. Cilastatin and probenecid inhibited intracellular accumulation of imipenem and sequentially decreased the nephrocyte toxicity in rabbit primary proximal tubule cells. Renal OATs, besides DHP-I, was also the target of interaction between imipenem and cilastatin, and contributed to the nephrotoxicity of imipenem. This therefore gives in part the explanation about the mechanism by which cilastatin protected against imipenem-induced nephrotoxicity. Thus, OATs can potentially be used as a therapeutic target to avoid the renal adverse reaction of imipenem in clinic.
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Objective@#To investigate the influence of condylar fractures on the growth of condylars after conservative treatments by three-dimensional measurement.@*Methods@#Twenty three children with unilateral condylar fracture followed-up for at least 1 year in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital were included from June 2016 to March 2017. CT scans were performed for each patient. Three-dimensional virtual skulls were reconstructed and measuring points were defined with Simplant 11.04 software. The depth of glenoid fossa, height of articular eminence, width, height and depth of condylar, deviation of pogonion were measured. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess difference between the bifid group and the normal group.@*Results@#No difference was observed in the vertical position of crest of the articular eminence between two groups (P=0.110). The vertical position of roof of the glenoid fossa in bifid side was significantly superior than the one in normal side (P=0.010). Bifid side had a shorter (P=0.002) and wider(P=0.002) condylar than normal side did. No difference was observed in the depth of condylar between two groups (P=0.071). The average deviation of pogonion was (0.69±1.75) mm (P=0.072) from sagittal plan.@*Conclusions@#This short-termed study indicates that children's growth potential of condylar is under average after conservative treatments. Because the bone hyperosteogeny of glenoid fossa compensates the hypotrophy of condylar, no deviation of pogonion is detected.
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Objective:To explore the necessity of the preventive use of antibiotics and the effects of age and operation time on the efficacy of inguinal hernia repair without tension,and to elucidate the clinical significance of the preventive application of prophylactic antibiotics in inguinal hernia repair without tension.Methods:A total of 228 patients with inguinal hernia repair without tension were selected,amomg them 42 cases with high infection factors were treated with antibiotics (treated group),and 186 cases were not treated with antibiotics(untreated group) during the preoperative period.The prophylactic antibiotics were given 30 min before surgery,and the conventional dose was not used more than 48 h after surgery.All the cases were treated with artificial repair materials for the procedure of inguinal hernial repair without tension.The age,highest body temperature,white blood cell count,operation time,hospitalization time,and postoperative body temperature of all the 228 cases were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results:The preoperative and postoperative white blood cell counts had significant differences between the patients0.05).Compared with the patients with the operation time>90 min,the white blood cell count and hospitalization time of the patients with the operation time ≤90 min were increased (P90 min and the patients with the operation time≤90 min (P>0.05).The white blood cell count,operation time,hospitalization time and postoperative body temperature of the patients between treated group and untreated group had no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion:The use of antibiotics in the high-risk patients and non-use of antibiotics in the majority of elective inguinal hernia repair without tension can ensure the safe and performability of the patients.
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Objective To evaluate umbilical hernia repair in cirrhotic patients.Methods Clinical data of 65 cirrhotics undergoing umbilical hernia repair from Jan 2009 to Dec 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 32 cases underwent emergency surgery,2 cases were complicated with incision infection,2 cases suffered from hepatic encephalopathy.34 cases underwent elective surgery,1 case had incision hematoma but there was no incision complication in the 13 patients with mesh repair.All cases were cured,and no patient died in 30 days after the operation.The median follow-up time was 31 months and the mortality rate was 51.6％,and 3 cases were lost to follow up.Recurrence developed in 3 cases,the recurrence rate was 4.8％.One-year mortality rate was 32.3％ in emergency patients and 16.1％ in elective patients.Conclusions The elective surgery has less complication and low mortality rate compared with emergency operation.Polypropylene mesh repair for umbilical hernia complicated with cirrhosis is safe.Long term survival is dependent on the progress of liver cirrhosis.
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With the deepening of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and continuing emergence of new theories, methods and techniques, a very rapid and significant development has been achieved in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of TCM. This paper reviews the main research progresses of PK of TCM, including integrated PK of multiple effective components of TCM, fingerprint PK of TCM, novel dosage form PK of TCM, polysaccharide PK of TCM and drug interactions of TCM; and further sets up the prospects.
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Objective To evaluate the tension-free herniorrhaphy for groin hernia with defect of the entire posterior wall. Methods Fifty-four patients underwent tension-free repair for groin hernia with defect of posterior wall of the groin canal by one of two kinds of prosthesis, Bard Mesh PerFix Plug in 8 cases, Bard Mash in 2 cases and Gore-Tex Micromesh in 44 cases, under epidural anesthesia. Results Inguinal groin hernia of entire posterior wall defect was diagnosed when the defect of the posterior wall was larger than 4 cm in length. Operations were all successful in patients with pimary hernia and recurrent hernia. The mean postoperative follow up was 12.8 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The two tension-free herniorrhaphies for this type of groin hernia were safe and effective.