Melatonin improves fertilization rate in assisted reproduction: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background: Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and it has antioxidant properties. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on assisted reproductive technologies through a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Materials and methods: Search strategies were used in PubMed and in other databases covering the last 15 years. After screening for eligibility, 17 articles were selected for the systematic review. For the meta-analysis statistics, two groups were formed, the treatment group (with melatonin) and the control group (without melatonin) for various assisted reproduction outcomes. Results: The main results were that no statistical differences were found concerning the clinical pregnancy outcome (p = 0.64), but there was a statistical difference with respect to Mature Oocytes (MII) (p = 0.001), antral follicle count (p = 0.0002), and the fertilization rate (p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions: Melatonin had beneficial effects such as the improvement in the fertilization rate, although the authors did not obtain significance in the clinical pregnancy rate.

Estimulação ovariana em usuárias do sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel para preservação de fertilidade / Ovarian stimulation in users of the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system for fertility preservation

O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências sobre a interferência do uso do SIU-LNG em mulheres submetidas a ciclos de hiperestimulação ovariana para preservação de fertilidade. Através de uma revisão integrativa, com busca nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed e Cochrane, utilizamos algumas palavras-chaves, relacionando inicialmente 43 artigos, totalizando após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão em 30 estudos. Os artigos abordados foram selecionados baseados nos itens: autor principal, ano de publicação, desenho do estudo, nível de evidência científica e assunto principal. Os estudos foram separados conforme os seguintes temas de abrangência: preservação de fertilidade, preservação de fertilidade e métodos contraceptivos, SIU-LNG e preservação de fertilidade, SIU-LNG e farmacocinética e SIU-LNG e gestação. Existem poucos estudos na literatura avaliando mulheres usuárias do SIU-LNG submetidas à estimulação ovariana em ciclos de reprodução assistida. Em dois estudos disponíveis, ambos com doadoras de oócitos, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as doadoras usuárias do SIU-LNG em relação aos controles, quando comparados os parâmetros descritos: número de ampolas de gonadotrofinas utilizadas na estimulação, número de folículos recrutados, número de oócitos, taxas de fertilização, taxas de clivagem e número de embriões por receptora. O impacto do uso do SIU-LNG em mulheres submetidas à estimulação ovariana em ciclos de preservação oocitária ainda não está claro, assim como o protocolo ideal. As evidências atuais são insuficientes para definir o real efeito do uso do SIU-LNG durante os ciclos de estimulação ovariana. Entretanto, o SIU-LNG não parece ter efeito negativo sobre o crescimento folicular, sobre a qualidade oocitária e a qualidade embrionária, podendo ser utilizado durante este processo. Há a necessidade de estudos randomizados controlados avaliando uma nova opção terapêutica nos ciclos de reprodução assistida.(AU)

The objective of this study was to search for evidence on the interference of the use of LNG-SIU in women submitted to cycles of ovarian hyperstimulation for preservation of fertility, through an integrative review, with search in the databases Lilacs, Pubmed and Cochrane. Using related keywords 43 articles were examined, totaling, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, in 30 studies. The articles were classified according to a synoptic table organized in topics: main author, year of publication, study design, level of scientific evidence and main subject. The studies were separated according to the topics covered: preservation of fertility, preservation of fertility, and contraceptive methods, SIU-LNG and preservation of fertility, SIU-LNG and pharmacokinetics and SIU-LNG and gestation. It was observed that there are few studies in the literature evaluating women users of LNG-IUS who undergo ovarian stimulation in cycles of assisted reproduction. In two of them, both induding oocyte donors, no statistically significant differences were observed among donors using the LNG-IUS as compared to controls regarding the described parameters: number of gonadotrophin ampules used in stimulation, number of recruited follicles, number of oocytes, fertilization rates, cleavage rates and number of embryos per recipient. The impact of the use of IUS-LNG in women submitted to ovarian stimulation in oocyte preservation cycles is still unclear, as it is the ideal protocol. Current evidence is insufficient to define the real effect of the use of LNG-SIU during cycles of ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproduction. However, although there is little research available, the LNGSIU does not seem to have a negative effect on follicular growth, on oocyte quality and on embryo quality, and it can be used during this process. There is a need for randomized controlled trials and other research in this context to evaluate a new therapeutic option in the cycles of assisted reproduction.(AU)

Microlaparoscopy in gynecology: analysis of 16 cases and review of literature

Microlaparoscopy represents the development of endoscopic surgery towards a minimally invasive surgical procedure. The advantages include fewer surgical complications, faster return to daily activities, more comfortable postoperative recovery, and satisfactory aesthetic results. The possibility of performing surgery under sedation may result in shorter hospitalization, lower hospital costs, and easier anesthetic procedures. The authors report their preliminary experience with the use of microlaparoscopy, using optics and 2mm instruments, as well as a review of the literature since the introduction of this new technique. The report of these 16 cases demonstrates that microlaparoscopy is a feasible technique with satisfactory results. On the other hand, this new technique requires precise indications and a training period for the development of the skills necessary for performing these surgeries

Aspectos terapeuticos da dismenorreia primária / Therapeutic aspects of primary dismenorrhea

A dismenorreia primária é um dos disturbios mais frequentes em ginecologia, sendo um dos principais responsáveis por falta ao estudo e ao trabalho. A sua fisiopatologia esta ligada a uma atividade uterina incoordenada, sendo implicados um desbalanco hormonal, e uma secreçäo aumentada de prostaglandinas e hormonio anti-diurético...