ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 has effects on the mental health of health care workers. Aim: To explore the presence of symptoms associated with mental health problems and associated risk factors in health workers. Material and Methods: The questionnaires PHQ-9 for depression, GAD-7 for anxiety, ISI-7 for insomnia and IES-R-22 for psychological distress were applied to 125 health care workers aged 18 to 67 years (32 physicians, 22 nurses and 71 of other professions) laboring in hospitals and primary care facilities along Chile. Results: Sixty five percent reported depression symptoms, 74% anxiety, 65% insomnia and 57% distress. Physicians had lower median scores in all scales than nurses and other health professionals. Professionals attending patients with respiratory infections or with COVID-19 had higher median scores in the scales that their counterparts. Conclusions: The frequency of mental health problems among these professionals is high and preventive measures should be taken.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mental Health , Health Personnel/psychology , Pandemics , COVID-19/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Depression/epidemiology , Psychological Distress , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La enuresis, definida como incontinencia urinaria durante el sueño desde los 5 años de edad, es una condición frecuente y estresante que puede llegar a tener un impacto profundo en la conducta, bienestar emocional y vida social del niño o adolescente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión narrativa de la evidencia en relación a la evaluación y tratamiento de la enuresis. La evaluación inicial debe ir dirigida a diferenciar entre los pacientes con enuresis monosintomática y no-monosintomática, excluir condiciones no funcionales que pueden presentarse como enuresis y detectar problemas psicológicos. Para que la terapia sea exitosa, se debe desarrollar un plan de manejo que sea apropiado para el paciente y su contexto. En el subgrupo de enuresis no-monosintomática, el tratamiento de los síntomas diurnos es necesario antes de iniciar el manejo de la enuresis. Existen diversas alternativas de tratamiento para la enuresis, sin embargo, la terapia de alarma y la desmopresina poseen amplia evidencia para su empleo como primera línea. Palabras clave: Enuresis, Incontinencia Urinaria, Revisión, Sueño, Niños.
Enuresis, defined as urinary incontinence in children older than 5 years old, is a common and stressful condition that may cause deep consequences on the child or young person's behavior, emotional wellbeing and social life. The aim of this work is to make a narrative review of evidence on evaluation and treatment of enuresis. The initial assessment must differentiate between monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic enuresis, rule out non-functional conditions that can manifest as enuresis and detect psychological problems. In order to achieve a successful treatment, it is essential to develop a management plan according to the patient and its context. In non-monosymptomatic enuresis, it is necessary to treat daytime symptoms before management of bedwetting. There are many different therapeutic options for enuresis, nevertheless, alarm and desmopressin are evidence-based firstline treatments. Keywords: Enuresis, Urinary Incontinence, Review, Sleep, Child.
ABSTRACT
El abuso de sustancias en adolescentes es una patología de abordaje complejo que hace años constituye un problema de salud pública y cuyas cifras de prevalencia siguen aumentando en el tiempo. Es por esto que cada vez es más frecuente encontrarnos en el ámbito de la consulta psiquiátrica ambulatoria, con adolescentes que acuden, la mayoría de las veces acompañados por sus padres, debido a que existe una sospecha o la confirmación de un posible abuso de sustancias. Considerando las implicancias del tratamiento y pronóstico de este trastorno, esta primera consulta con el psiquiatra es una oportunidad valiosa para realizar una completa evaluación y ofrecer alternativas de tratamiento efectivas, así como también decidir respecto al nivel de atención que requiere el paciente para continuar su tratamiento. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión narrativa respecto a la evaluación clínica ambulatoria de adolescentes con trastornos por consumo de sustancias, incluyendo los elementos necesarios a considerar para decidir el nivel de atención requerido para continuar la evaluación y tratamiento. Palabras clave: Adolescente, Trastorno por Consumo de Sustancias, Evaluación, Ambulatorio.
The adolescent substance abuse is a disease of complex approach that years constitutes a public health problem whose prevalence figures continue to rise over time. That is why it is increasingly common to find in the field of outpatient psychiatric consultation with adolescents attending, most often accompanied by their parents, because there is a suspicion or confirmation of a possible substance abuse. Considering the implications of treatment and prognosis of this disorder, this first consultation with the psychiatrist is a valuable opportunity to conduct a comprehensive assessment and provide effective treatment alternatives, as well as decide on the level of care that requires the patient to continue treatment . This paper presents a review of the literature regarding the considerations in ambulatory assessment of adolescents with substance use disorders, including the necessary elements to consider in deciding the level of care required for further evaluation and treatment.Key words: Adolescent, Substances Use Disorder, Evaluation, Outpatient.