Prevalence and extent of Alveolar dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects with different buccolingual inclinations of maxillary molar teeth: a CBCT study

Buccolingual position of teeth could affect the prevalence of alveolar bone defects. Presence of alveolar defects may have a deleterious effect on orthodontic treatment. The aim was to assess the prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration in Class I hyperdivergent subjects and correlate it with buccolingual inclinations(BL) of maxillary first molar teeth. Methods: This retrospective study involved 80 CBCTs of class I hyperdivergent subjects divided into two groups - group A (n=33) buccolingual inclination >9º and group B (n=47) buccolingual inclination <9º. Prevalence and extent of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestrations were measured in CBCTs using OSIRIX Lite software. Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were done for evaluating intergroup differences and correlation with Buccolingual inclination. Results: Overall prevalence of dehiscence and fenestration in maxillary first molars was 60.95% and 5% respectively. In the buccal alveolar bone, prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group A (84.6%) for 16 and in the lingual alveolar bone prevalence of dehiscence was highest in group B (71.4%) for 26 . On intergroup comparison, the extent of lingual alveolar bone dehiscence (26) in group B was significantly higher (p value <0.05) than in group A. No significant correlation between the extent of dehiscence and fenestration with buccolingual inclination of molar teeth was noted. Conclusion: Molar teeth with BL inclinations of more than 9º had higher prevalence of dehiscence on the buccal side and molar teeth with BL inclinations less than 9 degrees had more dehiscence on the lingual side. But no significant correlation of BL inclination with prevalence and extent of dehiscence and fenestration was noted

Effectiveness of chlorhexidine oral rinse in preventing plaque accumulation and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment- a systematic review and meta analysis / Eficacia del enjuague oral de clorhexidina en la prevención de la acumulación de placa y la gingivitis en pacientes en tratamiento de ortodoncia: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Aim: The aim of this review was to systematically assess and report the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in preventing plaque accumulation and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines and registered under PROSPERO database (CRD42020170776). Four electronic databases were systematically searched along with a complimentary manual search of orthodontic journals until June 2022. Only Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) reporting on antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of Chlorhexidine mouthwash compared with placebo or control in orthodontic patients were included. Risk of bias assessment was done using Cochrane ROB-2. Quantitative analysis (Random-Effects Model and Standard Mean Difference (SMD)) with 95 % confidence interval was used. Results: Six RCTs were included for qualitative analysis and four were included for quantitative analysis with a total of 211 participants. Out of six studies, 3 were judged to have a low risk of bias, two had some concerns and one of them had high risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis performed for anti-plaque effect reported a significant reduction of -1.2 SMD for CHX at 4 to 6 weeks with low heterogeneity (I2-35%). The anti-gingivitis effect at 4 to 6 weeks was significant for CHX with a SMD of -1.03 and a moderate heterogeneity (I2-65%). Conclusion: On analyzing the available evidence a moderate level of certainty supports a short-term reduction in plaque accumulation and gingivitis in orthodontic patients subjected to rinsing with chlorhexidine oral rinse.

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar e informar sistemáticamente la efectividad del enjuague bucal con clorhexidina (CHX) para prevenir la acumulación de placa y la gingivitis en pacientes que reciben tratamiento de ortodoncia. Material y Métodos: La revisión se preparó de acuerdo con las pautas de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) y se registró en la base de datos PROSPERO (CRD42020170776). Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas junto con una búsqueda manual gratuita de revistas de ortodoncia hasta junio de 2022. Solo se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) que informaron sobre la eficacia antiplaca y antigingivitis del enjuague bucal con clorhexidina en comparación con placebo o control en pacientes de ortodoncia. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se realizó mediante Cochrane ROB-2. Se utilizó un análisis cuantitativo (modelo de efectos aleatorios y diferencia de medias estándar (SMD)) con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: Se incluyeron seis ECA para el análisis cualitativo y cuatro para el análisis cuantitativo con un total de 211 participantes. De los seis estudios, se consideró que tres tenían un bajo riesgo de sesgo, dos tenían algunas preocupaciones y uno de ellos tenía un alto riesgo de sesgo. El metanálisis de efectos aleatorios realizado para el efecto antiplaca informó una reducción significativa de -1,2 SMD para CHX a las 4 a 6 semanas con baja heterogeneidad (I2-35%). El efecto antigingivitis a las 4 a 6 semanas fue significativo para CHX con una SMD de -1,03 y una heterogeneidad moderada (I2-65%). Conclusión: Al analizar la evidencia disponible, un nivel de certeza moderado apoya una reducción a corto plazo en la acumulación de placa y gingivitis en pacientes ortodóncicos sometidos a enjuague con enjuague bucal con clorhexidina.

Detecção de 'CA. Phytoplasma phoenicium' em plantas de pervinca (Cathranthus roseus) em Uttar Pradesh, Índia

Cathranthus roseus also known as periwinkle, an ornamental plant contains several medicinal values, was found with the symptoms of little leaf and witches' broom at Shahjahanpur location with the incidence of up to 8%. The phytoplasma etiology was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy examination in all the four-leaf samples. Molecular analysis through PCR with universal primer pairs P1/P6 followed by nested PCR with R16F2n/R16r2 primers yielded ~1.2kbp amplicons in all the four symptomatic leaf samples. One amplicon was eluted, purified, sequenced, and used in BLASTn searches, which showed maximum identity of periwinkle isolate with several isolates of 16SrIX group of phytoplasma. Further, phylogenic analysis and in silico RFLP confirmed the association of 16SrIX-C subgroup phytoplasma in little leaf and witches broom plants which is the first report from India.

Effect of Two Different Mouth Rinses on S. mutans Counts in Subjects Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment – A Pilot Study

The study is thus aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash with Chlorhexidinemouthwash in reducing plaque accumulation around orthodontic brackets. A total of 20 patients were considered in this study randomly assigned into Group I (experimental group -Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash) and Group II (reference group-0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash). The plaque index scores were recorded in each individual at baseline (pre) and after 3 weeks (post).Dental plaque samples were collected around the orthodontic brackets at the cervical region of maxillary upper molars and lower incisors bycotton swabbing method and evaluated for the presence of microflora. Paired sample t-test for Streptococcus mutanscount showed that statistically significant difference only within the group II (p=0.000) (Chlorhexidine group) and there was no significantdifference within the group I (p=0.103) (Herbostra group). Paired sample t-test for plaque index score shows statistically significant difference within the groups (0.000).Independent t test showed statistically significant difference in the levels ofStreptococcus mutanscount after 3 weeks between the two groups (p=0.000) with the mean values of (2.230±0.5056), (1.080±0.3458) in group I and group II respectively. From this study we concluded that, even though there was a reduction in plaque scores and S. mutanscount with Herbostra oil pulling mouthwash but it was not as effective as Chlorhexidine mouth rinse

Comparison of Maxillary Central Incisor Labial Crown-Root Angle with Collum Angle in Class I and Class II Division 2 Malocclusion.

To anticipate difficulties with intrusion, extrusion, or torqueing mechanics in certain malocclusions, a thorough understanding of crown-root relationships in the bucco-lingual plane is warranted. This study aimed at examining the collum angle of the maxillary central incisor in Angle’s class I and class II division 2 malocclusion and compare these values with the Labial Crown Root Angle (LCRA). MethodsThis study was conducted on two groups i.e., group 1 comprising of 26 Angle’s Class 1 subjects and group 2 comprising of 26 Class II div 2 subjects. Cephalometric measurements of collum angle and LCRA of maxillary central incisors were recorded for each subject and were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe mean Labial Crown-Root Angle was 28.35 ± 4.01 and 38.51 ± 5.80 for class I and class II division malocclusions respectively. Compared to the LCRA of Angle’s class I malocclusion, the mean LCRA of Angle’s class II division 2 was found to be greater, and is statistically significant. There was no significant gender variation. The mean difference between class I and class II div 2 malocclusion was found to be 9.42 ± 2.23 for collum angle and 10.16 ± 1.79 in LCRA respectively. ConclusionsThe Labial Crown Root Angle and collum angle of Angle’s Class II div 2 malocclusion were greater than the corresponding values in Angle’s Class I malocclusion. Also, the LCRA is a more simplified method for measuring the crown root angle and can be used as an adjunct to collum angle.

Phenobarbitone versus levetiracetam in neonatal seizures

Background: There is increasing evidence that neonatal seizures have an adverse effect on neurodevelopmental progression and it may predispose to cognitive, behavioral or epileptic complications later in life. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of phenobarbitone and levetiracetam for the treatment of neonatal seizures in term and late preterm neonates. The study was aimed to know the efficacy of phenobarbitone (PB) in comparison with levetiracetam (LEV) in controlling neonatal seizures.Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial where data of the babies with seizures weighing more than 2 kg who were admitted in NICU of Muzaffarnagar Medical College was collected and analysed for intervention to either phenobarbitone or levetiracetam.Results: Clinically apparent seizures were controlled in only 65.38% neonates assigned to receive levetiracetam as compared to 76.92% neonates assigned to receive phenobarbitone.Conclusions: LEV although lesser effective than PB with very fewer side effects is found to be a good alternative in controlling neonatal seizures.