ABSTRACT
Background: The sciatic nerve arises within the pelvis from the sacral plexus, enters into the gluteal regionthrough the greater sciatic notch and divides into two terminal branches at variable level in the posteriorcompartment of thigh. The variable level of division of sciatic nerve in the thigh leads to failure of sciatic nerveblockage. Considering this clinical problem, the present study has been undertaken with the object to measurethe distance of division of sciatic nerve from the popliteal crease.Materials and Methods: 32 embalmed formalin fixed cadavers were dissected in the gluteal region, back of thighand popliteal fossa and the sciatic nerve were exposed and the distance of division of sciatic nerve weremeasured from the popliteal crease.Results: Out of 32 cadavers dissected the sciatic nerve divides at a distance range of 5 cm–20 cm in malecadavers and 4 cm–11 cm in female cadavers. In 2 cadavers the sciatic nerve divides within the pelvis itself.Conclusion: So, to achieve complete blockage of sciatic nerve in most of the patients the needle should be insertedabout 14 cm (mean distance) above the popliteal crease in males and 8 cm (mean distance) above the poplitealcrease in females
ABSTRACT
The Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pfl was found to inhibit the growth of pathogen Alternaria palandui, in vitro. In the present study, foliar application of a talc-based formulation of Pfl significantly reduced the incidence of leaf blight of onion, caused by A. palandui. Induction of defense-related proteins viz., chitinase, beta-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by application of Pfl, was studied against A. palandui infection in resistant (IHR 56) and susceptible (MDUI) onion cultivars. Chitinase in both cultivars, with or without challenge-inoculation of A. palandui revealed changes in the isoform pattern. The Native-PAGE of PO showed induction of PO2 isoform in both the cultivars, in response to inoculation of pathogen. Isoform analysis of PPO also exhibited induction in the Pfl-treated plants challenged with pathogen. Similarly, the activity of beta-1,3-glucanase was greatly induced in Pfl-treated plants, challenged with pathogen as compared to controls. Thus, the P. fluorescens-treated plants showed significant increase in the levels of the defense enzymes, in comparison to the plants challenged with the pathogen.
Subject(s)
Catechol Oxidase/metabolism , Chitinases/metabolism , Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/metabolism , Host-Parasite Interactions , Immunity, Cellular , Onions/enzymology , Peroxidase/metabolism , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Leaves/enzymology , Pseudomonas fluorescens/growth & development , VirulenceABSTRACT
The mechanisms of pathogenicity in EPEC strains were studied in tissue culture. Escherichia coli was isolated as the predominant organism in the primary culture of 1293 (70.54%) diarrhoeal cases. 284 (90.44%) cases from the age group of 1-6 months showed Escherichia coli as the predominant organism. Classical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) were detected in 311 (24.05%) cases. Among EPEC isolates 277 (89.06%) did not produce either LT or ST. 32 (10.28%) produced LT or ST. 2 strains produced verotoxins belong to serotypes 0:86; K:61, 0.26; K:60, serogroups 0.86:K61 0142:K86, 0:128:K67, 0 126: 71, 0125:K 70, 0119: k69 showed localised adherence and serogroups 0111:K58-055:K59 showed both localised and diffused adherence to HeLa cells.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/microbiology , Enterotoxins/biosynthesis , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
The mechanisms of pathogenicity in EPEC strains were studied in tissue culture. Escherichia coli was isolated as the predominant organism in the primary culture of 1293 (70.54%) diarrhoeal cases. 284 (90.44%) cases from the age group of 1-6 months showed Escherichia coli as the predominant organism. Classical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) were detected in 311 (24.05%) cases. Among EPEC isolates 277 (89.06%) did not produce either LT or ST 32(10.28%) produced LT or ST. 2 strains produced verotoxins belong to serotypes 0:86; K:61, 0:26; K:60, sero groups 0.86 :K:61, 0.142:K 86, 0.128:K 67, 0.126:K 71, 0125:K 70 0119:K69 showed localised adherence and serogroups 0111:K58-055:K59 showed both localised and diffused adherence to HeLa cells.