The mechanism of lipid metabolism disorders promoting progression of lung cancer based on the oxLDL/LOX-1 signaling pathway / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder promoting the progress of lung cancer based on the oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)/human lectin-like oxidized low density lipopro-tein receptor 1(LOX-1)signaling pathway.Methods Eighty-one identified lung adenocarcinoma tissues with paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues(at least 5 cm away from the tumor)were collected from our hospital,and the expression of LOX-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.LOX-1 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines(A549 and H1299 cells).Cell invasion ability was measured by Transwell.Cells were treated with different concentrations of oxLDL,and cellular LOX-1 expression was investigated.Results LOX-1 staining in the tumor was significantly stronger than that in the non-cancerous tissue samples(99.4 vs.16.2 for median H score,P<0.001).High LOX-1 expression was significantly correlated with low survival(P<0.001).As compared with the patients without lymph node metastasis,those with lymph node metastasis had higher LOX-1 level(83.2 vs.121.1 for median H score,P<0.01).Overexpression of LOX-1 in lung cancer cells significantly promoted the number of invasive and metastatic cells(P<0.01).In addition,LOX-1 was an essential functional target for oxLDL-induced metastasis of lung cancer cells.Itatinib inhibited the metastasis of LOX-1 overexpressed A549 in vitro.Conclusions With an increase in oxLDL level,the expression of LOX-1 increases.Up-regulation of LOX-1 promotes metastasis of lung cancer,and its mechanism may be related to activation of the JAK1/STAT6 signaling pathway.

Conversion of stromal vascular fraction in the microenvironment of radiation-induced skin injuries and its clinical implications / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the conversion of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in the microenvironment of radiation-induced skin injuries to provide guidance for clinical applications.Methods:Based on a random number table, C57BL/6N mice were categorized into four groups: the blank control, negative control, acute injury, and chronic injury groups, with each group containing 25 mice. The backs of mice in the blank control, acute injury, and chronic injury groups were exposed to 15 Gy X-ray irradiation. Then, the mice in the negative control, acute injury, and chronic injury groups were injected subcutaneously with the SVF derived from B6/G-R mice. The survival of these mice was observed 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d after the injection through fluorescence tracing and in vivo imaging. Accordingly, the clinical SVF injection regimens were optimized based on the experimental result of mice. Finally, local SVF injection was performed on different frequencies for patients in different wound conditions, with the efficacy being observed. Results:The fluorescence of SVF was observed from the tissue slices of the acute injury, chronic injury, and negative control groups 14 d post-injection. The result showed that the fluorescence intensity of SVF 1, 3, and 7 d post-injection was in the order of the negative control group > the acute injury group > the chronic injury group. The acute injury group ranked at the top and the chronic injury group remained at the bottom 14 d after the injection. The fluorescence of SVF in each group was barely detected 21 d after the injection. Compared to the negative control group, the acute injury group exhibited statistical differences only 14 d post-injection ( t = 4.11, P < 0.05), while the chronic injury group displayed statistical differences 1, 3, 7, and 14 d after the injection ( t = 3.88-5.74, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the acute injury group exhibited significantly higher fluorescence intensity of SVF than the chronic injury group ( t = 4.73-8.38, P < 0.05). The half-life of SVF for the negative control, acute injury, and chronic injury groups was 6.336, 6.014, and 2.163 d, respectively. As indicated by the application of SVF transplantation based on traditional surgical protocols in the clinical trial, SVF can significantly promote wound repair, with earlier SVF transplantation being more beneficial for wound healing. Conclusions:The conversion of SVF differs in the microenvironments of acute and chronic radiation-induced skin injuries. This can serve as an essential guide for the administration timing and injection frequency of SVF in clinical applications.

Study on the production efficiency of platelet components in 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Effects of Sirt1 on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood of SD rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin administration for three months. The peripheral circulating EPCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation, and their functions, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and Sirt1 expression were examined. The function changes of EPCs in the presence or absence of Sirt1 agonist and inhibitor were estimated; meanwhile, the expressions of Sirt1, FOXO3a, NF-κB, and p53 were also evaluated. Results: The proliferation, adhesion, and migration of EPCs decreased while the apoptosis rate was increased in the COPD rats. The expression of Sirt1 protein in EPCs of the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The overexpression of the Sirt1 gene using a gene transfection technique or Sirt1 agonists (SRT1720) improved the proliferation, migration, and adhesion, and decreased the apoptosis of EPC. However, Sirt1 inhibitor (EX527) decreased EPC functions in the COPD group. The effect of Sirt1 expression on EPC function may be related to reduction of FOXO3a and increase of NF-κB and p53 activity. Conclusions: Increased expression of Sirt1 can improve the proliferation and migration of EPCs and reduce their apoptosis in COPD rats. This change may be related to FOXO3a, NF-κB, and p53 signaling pathways.

Effects of Sirt1 on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood of SD rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective: To explore the effect of Sirt1 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A rat COPD model was established via smoking and endotoxin administration for three months. The peripheral circulating EPCs were isolated by gradient centrifugation, and their functions, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and Sirt1 expression were examined. The function changes of EPCs in the presence or absence of Sirt1 agonist and inhibitor were estimated; meanwhile, the expressions of Sirt1, FOXO3a, NF-κB, and p53 were also evaluated. Results: The proliferation, adhesion, and migration of EPCs decreased while the apoptosis rate was increased in the COPD rats. The expression of Sirt1 protein in EPCs of the COPD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The overexpression of the Sirt1 gene using a gene transfection technique or Sirt1 agonists (SRT1720) improved the proliferation, migration, and adhesion, and decreased the apoptosis of EPC. However, Sirt1 inhibitor (EX527) decreased EPC functions in the COPD group. The effect of Sirt1 expression on EPC function may be related to reduction of FOXO3a and increase of NF-κB and p53 activity. Conclusions: Increased expression of Sirt1 can improve the proliferation and migration of EPCs and reduce their apoptosis in COPD rats. This change may be related to FOXO3a, NF-κB, and p53 signaling pathways.

Molecular regulative mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in diabetic nephropathy and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

The progression of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy(DN)is closely related to Nod-like receptor protein3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation. The characteristics of NLRP3 inflammasome activation include the changed expression and combination levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)and pro-caspase-1, the increased expression levels of caspase-1, interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 and the excessive release levels of the relative inflammatory mediators. Its molecular regulative mechanisms involve the activation of multiple signaling pathways including reactive oxygen species(ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)pathway, nuclear factor(NF)-κB pathway, nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2(Nrf2)pathway, long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)pathway. In addition, more importantly, never in mitosis aspergillus-related kinase 7(Nek7), as a kinase regulator, could target-combine with NLRP3 at upstream to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Some extracts of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)such as quercetin, curcumin, cepharanthine, piperine and salidroside, as well as Chinese herbal compound prescriptions such as Wumei Pills both could treat NLRP3 inflammasome to ameliorate inflammatory renal damage in DN. Therefore, accurately clarifying the targets of anti-inflammatory CHMs and Chinese herbal compound prescriptions delaying DN progression by targeting the molecular regulative mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation will be one of the development directions in the future.

Association between different parent-child separation types and emotion regulation strategies among preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand effects of timing and duration of separation experiences from parents on emotion regulation of left-behind preschoolers,and to provide the reference for phychological instruction and intervention among the special groups of children.@*Methods@#Children’s emotion regulation strategy and the relevant information among 1 373 left-behind preschool children from Funan county in Fuyang.Qianshan county in Anqing,Changfeng county and Fexi county inFeixi were investigated.@*Results@#Children with left-behind experiences younger than 18 months old tend to use less cognitive restructuring (P=0.03) and alternative action strategies (P=0.00) than non-left behind children. Children separated from father less than 47 months (median) and 36 months (median) from mother tend to use less cognitive restructuring (P=0.00) and alternative action strategies (P=0.00) than non-left behind children.@*Conclusion@#Separation experiences from parents younger than 18 months old exert severe damage on children’s emotional regulation. With the duration of separation increases, children show resilience of emotion regulation, which might be a protective factor for negative emotion due to parent-child separation.

Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

It is considered that insulin resistance(IR)and its signaling pathway disorder are one of pathogenesis that causes insulin target-organs/issues lesions and their slow progression. The clinical diagnosis index of IR is the homeostatic model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)based on fasting blood-glucose and fasting serum insulin. Furthermore, the emerging IR biomarkers including adiponectin may be the references for clinical diagnosis. The influence factors of IR are obesity, chronic microinflammation and a lack of exercise. The major signaling pathways of IR include insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1)/phosphatidylinositiol-3-kinase(PI3 K)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt)pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway and Smad3 pathway. In clinics, insulin sensibility and IR could be increased and improved via promoting insulin secretion and enhancing insulin signaling activation. At present, insulin sensitizers treating IR not only have the classic thiazolidinediones and its ramifications but also have the newly discovered metformin and vitamin D. In addition, it is reported that some extracts from single Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)and Chinese herbal compound prescription such as total flavone from the flowers of Abelmoschl manihot, berberine, astragalus polysaccharides and Huang-qi decoction also have the beneficial effects in ameliorating IR. In the field of chronic kidney disease, targeting a common insulin target-organs/issues lesion, the early renal damage in diabetic mellitus, the intervention studies regarding to regulating podocyte IR signaling pathways by CHM will be one of the significant directions in the future.

Effects of ZJ0273 on barley and growth recovery of herbicide-stressed seedlings through application of branched-chain amino acids / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate (ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the application of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Barley plants were foliar-sprayed with various concentrations of ZJ0273 (100, 500, or 1000 mg/L) at the four-leaf stage. Increasing either the herbicide concentration or measurement time after herbicide treatment significantly impaired plant morphological parameters such as plant height and biomass, and affected physiological indexes, i.e. maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II (ФPSII), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll meter value (soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD)). Cellular injury of herbicide-treated plants was also evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidative enzyme activity. Elevated levels of herbicide significantly reduced the activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. In a separate experiment, growth recovery in herbicide-stressed barley plants was studied using various concentrations of BCAAs (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). Increasing BCAA concentration in growth media significantly increased the biomass of herbicide-stressed barley seedlings, but had no significant effect on non-stressed plants. Further, BCAAs (100 mg/L) significantly down-regulated ROS and consequently antioxidant enzyme levels in herbicide-stressed plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of BCAAs could reverse the inhibitory effects of ZJ0273 by restoring protein biosynthesis in barley seedlings.

Expression of fibronectin and MMP-3 and its significance in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective:To observe the expression and significance of fibronectin and metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods:A total of 30 AS patients in our hospital and 30 healthy volunteers were selected in our study. Fibronectin and MMP-3 were measured and compared between these two groups. The AS group received sulfasalazine 2 g daily for 3 months. Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index, bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index, bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were compared before and after treatment. Pearson's linear-correlation analysis was used to determine relationships between parameters.Results:Totally 28 patients in the AS group completed the study. Fibronectin and MMP-3 in peripheral blood of AS patients were evidently higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). After treated by sulfasalazine, the level of expressing Fibronectin and MMP-3 significantly decreased compared with baseline values (P<0.05). Pearson's linear-correlation analysis showed that serum fibronectin and MMP-3 level had a positive correlation with bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index global assessment, spine pain, night pain, general pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (P<0.05).Conclusions:The expression of fibronectin and MMP-3 in AS patients were significantly higher than that in the normal control group, and they all decreased significantly after treatment. It indicated that both fibronectin and MMP-3 were correlated closely with the onset of AS.

Expression of fibronectin and MMP-3 and its significance in the patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To observe the expression and significance of fibronectin and metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: A total of 30 AS patients in our hospital and 30 healthy volunteers were selected in our study. Fibronectin and MMP-3 were measured and compared between these two groups. The AS group received sulfasalazine 2 g daily for 3 months. Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index, bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index, bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were compared before and after treatment. Pearson's linear-correlation analysis was used to determine relationships between parameters. Results: Totally 28 patients in the AS group completed the study. Fibronectin and MMP-3 in peripheral blood of AS patients were evidently higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). After treated by sulfasalazine, the level of expressing Fibronectin and MMP-3 significantly decreased compared with baseline values (P<0.05). Pearson's linear-correlation analysis showed that serum fibronectin and MMP-3 level had a positive correlation with bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index global assessment, spine pain, night pain, general pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of fibronectin and MMP-3 in AS patients were significantly higher than that in the normal control group, and they all decreased significantly after treatment. It indicated that both fibronectin and MMP-3 were correlated closely with the onset of AS.

Experience of wound treatment on extremely severe mass burn patients involved in August 2nd Kunshan factory aluminum dust explosion accident / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective@#To explore experience of wound treatment of extremely severe mass burn patients involved in August 2nd Kunshan factory aluminum dust explosion accident.@*Methods@#On August 2nd, 2014, 98 extremely severe burn mass patients involved in August 2nd Kunshan factory aluminum dust explosion accident were admitted to 20 hospitals in China. The patients with complete medical record were enrolled in the study and divided into microskin graft group with 56 patients and Meek skin graft group with 42 patients. Split-thickness skin in area of residual skin were resected to repair wounds of patients in microskin graft group and Meek skin graft group by microskin grafting and Meek miniature skin grafting, respectively. The residual wound size on 28 days post injury and wound infection after skin grafting of patients in the two groups, and position of donor site of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. Data were processed with t test and chi-square test.@*Results@#The size of residual wound of patients in Meek skin graft group on 28 days post injury was (59±13)% total body surface area (TBSA), which was obviously smaller than that in microskin graft group [(70±14)%TBSA, t=4.379, P<0.05]. Twenty-nine patients in microskin graft group and 11 patients in Meek skin graft group suffered from obvious wound infection after skin grafting. Wounds of patients in two groups were repaired with residual skin around wound in head, trunk, groin, armpit, and uncommon donor sites of scrotum (4 patients), vola (10 patients), and toe or finger web (8 patients).@*Conclusions@#Meek skin graft is the first choice for wound repair of extremely severe burn mass patients, with faster wound healing, less wound infection. Uncommon donor sites of scrotum, vola, and toe or finger web can also be used for wound repair in case of lack of skin.

The effect of metoprolol on Calpain I and CaN signaling pathway in pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy / 天津医药

Objective To study the mechanism of metoprolol preventing pressure overload induced myocardial hypertrophy through inhibiting calcineurin (CaN) and CalpainⅠsignaling pathway in rat model of coarctation of abdominal aorta. Methods Thirty SD rats were used for hypertension rat model induced by coarctation of suprarenal abdominal aorta. Model rats were divided into three groups, sham operation group (n=10), abdominal aortic coarctation group (n=9) and metoprolol group (n=9). The changes of blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and myocardial hypertrophy [the ratio of left ventricular mass/ body mass (LVW/BW)] were measured. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CaN mRNA, and Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of CaN and CalpainⅠproteins. The activity of CaN enzyme was detected and compared between three groups. Results Compared with the sham-operated sham operation group, values of SBP, DBP, LVW/BW, protein expressions and activities of CaN mRNA, CaN and CalpainⅠwere significantly increased in operation group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in SBP and DBP between metoprolol-treated group and the operation group (P>0.05). Furthermore, values of SBP and DBP were significantly higher in metoprolol-treated group than those of sham group (P<0.05). Compared with operation group, values of LVW/BW, the protein expression and activity of CaN mRNA and Calpain Ⅰwere significantly decreased in metoprolol group (P<0.05), which were no significant differences compared with sham group. Conclusion Metoprolol prevents myocardial hypertrophy in abdominal aorta coarctative rats, through inhibiting CalpainⅠand CaN signaling pathways.

Implementation of Wearable Terminal Used for Dynamic ECG Real-time Monitoring Based on Internet of Things / 中国医疗器械杂志

Electrocardiogram (ECG) detection is a routine and effective cardiac problem detection project. Traditional electrocardiogram detection has limitations in cardiac arrhythmia and other heart disease detection and diagnosis, such as effectiveness, real-time and so on. Based on the advanced mobile networking and wearable design concept, this paper designs and implements a dynamic ECG real-time monitoring system with low power embedded system and Bluetooth 4.0 wireless communication. Its main functions include 24-hour dynamic ECG signal real-time acquisition, processing, wireless communication, display and storage, real-time analysis of typical arrhythmia, recording and alarm, professional doctors real-time reading and diagnosis, dynamic ECG sharing and cloud platform automatic analysis and diagnosis. Both the physiological signal generator and the actual patient's wear test showed that the design and function of the wearable dynamic ECG real-time monitoring terminal based on the mobile networking could meet and apply to the patients with cardiac monitoring needs in the house, hospital, nursing home, outdoor and many other places.

Clinical value of combined magnetic resonance DWI and PWI in diagnosis of cerebral infarction at different stages / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To stuy the clinical value of combined DWI and PWI in diagnosis of cerebral infarction (CI) at different stages.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight elderly CI patients were divided into hyperacute phase group (n =32),acute phase group (n =64),subacute phase group (n=45) and chronic phase group (n=27).Their DWI and PWI parameters and abnormal brain regions were compared.Results The ADC on DWI for injured lateral brain tissue was significantly lower than that on DWI for unjured lateral brain tissue in hyperacute phase group and acute phase group (0.39±0.08 vs 0.83±0.03;0.32±0.07 vs 0.91±0.05,P＜0.01).However,the ADC on DWI for the injured lateral brain tissue was significantly higher than that on DWI for the uninjured lateral brain tissue in subacute phase group and chronic phase group (1.54±0.34 vs 0.85±0.07,2.01±1.29 vs 0.90±0.05,P＜0.01).The PWI showed that the CBV was smaller and the CBF was slower while the MTT and TTP were longer in CI patients at different stages.DWI＜PWI,DWI＞PWI,and DWI=PWI in abnormal signal region were more frequently detected in hyperacute phase,acute phase subacute phase and chronic phase respectively.Conclusion PWI can show ischemic penumbra while DWI can highlight infarct foci in CI patients.Combined PWI and DWI can display the CBF in CI patients at different stages,and can thus provide reference for the clinical treatment of CI.

Pathomechanisms of pericyte-myofibroblast transition in kidney and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

In the kidney, pericyte is the major source of myofibroblast (MyoF) in renal interstitium. It is reported that pericyte-myofibroblast transition（PMT）is one of the important pathomechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis（RIF）. Among them, the main reasons for promoting RIF formation include pericyte recruitment, activation and isolation, as well as the lack of pericyte-derived erythropoietin. During the PMT startup process, pericyte activation and its separation from microvessels are controlled by multiple signal transduction pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway;Blocking of these signaling pathways can not only inhibit PMT, but also suppress renal capillaries reduction and further alleviate RIF. In clinic, many traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions, single traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and their extracts have the clear effects in alleviating RIF, and some of their intervention actions may be related to pericyte and its PMT. Therefore, the studies on PMT and its drug intervention will become the main development direction in the research field of anti-organ fibrosis by CHM.

Pathomechanism and treatment of gut microbiota dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease and interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine / 中国中药杂志

The gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the risk factors in the progression from the advanced chronic kidney disease（CKD）to uremia, characterized by the reduction of probiotics and the increase of opportunistic pathogens including urease-related microbes, endotoxin-related microbes and toxin-related microbes, which can produce uremic toxins. According to the core point of "the gut-kidney axis" theory and "the chronic kidney disease-colonic axis" concept, the gut microbiota dysbiosis aggravates renal damage by accumulating uremic toxins and inducing the systemic micro-inflammation. The preliminary clinical trials and animal experiments show that the probiotics biologicals from Lactobacillus acidophilus or Bifidobacterium, and the prebiotics including inulin and galactooligosaccharides, as well as lubiprostone and activated carbon adsorbents can be used for improving dysfunction of CKD patients with the gut microbiota dysbiosis via reducing uremic toxins and inhibiting the systemic micro-inflammation. But not only that, it is reported that, to some extent, a number of the single Chinese herbal medicine（CHM）, the CHM prescriptions and the CHM extracts（emodin, etc.）with oral or enema administration can also regulate the gut microbiota dysbiosis, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier, reduce uremic toxins accumulation and delay CKD progression. Thereinto, Dahuang Gancao Decoction（the concentrated granule TJ-84）, a classical CHM prescription of rhubarb, can ameliorate uremic toxins accumulation in the animal models with renal failure probably through targeting the gut-kidney axis triggered from gut microbiota, but not targeting the kidney. Based on these results, the interventional studies targeting the gut microbiota-related pathological factors such as tight junction proteins, helper T cells and regulatory T cells in the intestinal tract of the advanced CKD patients will become one of the key development directions in the future.

Diatom Detection Using Enzyme Combined with Strong Acid Digestion Method / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To detect diatom in the organs of drowners by enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method, and evaluate its application value.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 cases which have been identified as drowning in local region were collected. Samples of the lung, liver, kidney, and the water of the scene were also gathered from each case. Strong acid digestion method, enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method, and enzymic digestion method were respectively performed to detect the diatom in the samples. The comparative analysis was made on digestion time, digestive power and detection rate of diatom, etc.@*RESULTS@#Enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method was significantly better than enzymic digestion method on digestion time and digestive power; enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method were obviously superior to strong acid digestion method on the detection rate of diatom.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Enzyme combined with strong acid digestion method combines the advantages of strong acid digestion method and enzymic digestion method. It has the characters of operation safety with little pollution to environment, which is worthy of further popularization and practice.

Correlation of abnormal topological properties of the white matter fibers connecting the left amygdale with psychogenic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To explore the topological properties of the degree and strength of nodes in the binary and weighted brain white matter networks of the patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED) and analyze the changes of myelin integrity, number and length of the white matter fibers in the topological space.@*METHODS@#Diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 21 patients with pED and 24 healthy controls matched in sex, age, and years of education and subjected to preprocessing. The whole cerebral cortex was divided into 90 regions, followed by fiber tracking, construction of the binary and weighted white matter networks, and calculation of the node degrees and connectivity strengths in different brain regions. The property values were compared between the two groups using the two-sample t-test, the results were corrected by multiple testing correction, and the correlation of the property values with the erectile function of the patients was subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy controls, the pED patients showed significantly decreased node degree of the left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (7.54±1.44 vs 5.95±1.28, t = －3.88, corrected P = 0.02), medial orbital part of superior frontal gyrus (SFG) (10.08±3.60 vs 6.29±3.30, t = －3.67, corrected P = 0.02), and amygdala (6.50±2.11 vs 4.29±1.31, t = －4.16, corrected P = 0.01) in the binary networks, as well as the connectivity strength of the left triangular part of IFG (2.50±0.68 vs 1.72±0.50, t = －4.35, corrected P = 0.01), medial orbital part of SFG (3.17±0.97 vs 2.08±1.10, t = －3.53, corrected P = 0.03), and amygdala (1.80±0.69 vs 1.11±0.39, t = －4.03, corrected P = 0.01) in the fractional anisotropy (FA) weighted networks. The node degree of the left amygdala was negatively correlated with the total score (r = －0.47,P = 0.04), second item score (r = －0.46, P = 0.03), and third item score of IIEF-5 (r = －0.45, P = 0.04) in the pED patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The myelin integrity of the white matter fibers in the left frontal lobe and amygdale is impaired in pED patients, which leads to the aberrant generation, processing and regulation of their emotions. The decreased pivotal role and importance of the white matter fibers connecting the left amygdale may be associated with pED.

Transcriptomic analysis of a spiramycin Ⅰ-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mutant / 中国药科大学学报

The clinical utility of macrolide antibiotics has declined due to the appearance of resistant isolates.A spiramycin Ⅰ-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213-R was induced and isolated with increasing the concentration of spiramycin Ⅰ,which exhibits an A→C transversion at position 2089 in the 23S rRNA gene,which is first reported in the S.aureus.A RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed to understand the overall response of resistant bacteria to spiramycin Ⅰ treatment with subinhibitory dosage.Inn this study,There are a total of 322 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated genes in spiramycin Ⅰ-treated S.aureus ATCC29213-R and 426 up regulated,838 down-regulated in spiramycin Ⅰ-treated S.aureus ATCC29213,which were identified differentially expressed compared to their control with a minimum 2-fold change (Q ＜ 0.05).Interestingly,The data showed that argH and argG transcripts,in the arginine biosynthetic pathway,were decreased by 13.51-fold and 21.45-fold,respectively,compared to the control,while the expression level of three genes involved in arginine catabolism,arcA,arcC,and argF,increased by 35-fold,18.05-fold and 30.84-fold,respectively.The results revealed that spiramycin Ⅰ could trigger the up-regulation of the genes of ACME-Arc system which allows S.aureus to survive in acidic environments of human skin.This suggesed the arginine-deiminase pathway may be a potential target for treatment of the resistant S.aureus.