Prediction of EGFR mutant subtypes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by pre-treatment CT radiomics and machine learning / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of pre-treatment non-enhanced chest CT radiomics features and machine learning algorithm to predict the mutation status and subtype (19Del/21L858R) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 280 NSCLC patients from first and second affiliated hospital of University of South China who were confirmed by biopsy pathology, gene examination, and have pre-treatment non-enhanced CT scans. There are 136 patients were confirmed EGFR mutation. Primary lung gross tumor volume was contoured by two experienced radiologists and oncologists, and 851 radiomics features were subsequently extracted. Then, spearman correlation analysis and RELIEFF algorithm were used to screen predictive features. The two hospitals were training and validation cohort, respectively. Clinical-radiomics model was constructed using selected radiomics and clinical features, and compared with models built by radiomics features or clinical features respectively. In this study, machine learning models were established using support vector machine (SVM) and a sequential modeling procedure to predict the mutation status and subtype of EGFR. The area under receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) was employed to evaluate the performances of established models.Results:After feature selection, 21 radiomics features were found to be efffective in predicting EGFR mutation status and subtype and were used to establish radiomics models. Three types models were established, including clinical model, radiomics model, and clinical-radiomics model. The clinical-radiomics model showed the best predictive efficacy, AUCs of predicting EGFR mutation status for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.956 (95% CI: 0.952-1.000) and 0.961 (95% CI: 0.924-0.998), respectively. The AUCs of predicting 19Del/L858R mutation subtype for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.926 (95% CI: 0.893-0.959), 0.938 (95% CI: 0.876-1.000), respectively. Conclusions:The constructed sequential models based on integration of CT radiomics, clinical features and machine learning can accurately predict the mutation status and subtype of EGFR.

A summary on surveillance system of occupational disease under the framework of National Health Insurance Informatization Project / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

The surveillance of occupational disease has entered a new stage ofdevelopment, with the implementation of the national health informatization project. To improve the efficiency and quality of occupational disease monitoring information reporting in this paper, the system architecture and related management regulations, as long as the major changes and achievement of "surveillance system of occupational disease and health hazards information" under the framework of National Health Insurance Informatization Project were elaborated. The deficiencies existing in the system were analyzed, and expectation for the construction of the occupational disease surveillance system was addressed.

Investigation and analysis of late reporting and under-reporting of occupational diseases from 2018 to 2020 in China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To understand the late reporting and the under-reporting of occupational disease from 2018 to 2020 in China and analyze the causes, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the quality of occupational disease reports in China, timely acquiring the incidence of occupational disease, and assessing the occupational hazards. Methods: From May to December 2021, A total of 320 occupational disease diagnostic institutions were selected for investigation. The original documents of occupational disease diagnosis cases from 2018 to 2020 were compared with the online reported cases, and late reported and under-reported cases of occupational disease were analyzed. Results: A total of 32207 diagnosed cases from 2018 to 2020 were investigated, including 28934 confirmed cases and 3273 cases without occupational disease. The overall late reported rate and under-reported rate of confirmed cases were 20.2% and 2.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in the rate of late reporting and under-reporting of occupational diseases in different regions and different types of diagnostic institutions (P<0.001). The southwest region had the highest rates of late reporting and under-reporting, 61.6% and 7.9% respectively. The late reported rate of all kinds of occupational diseases was about 15.0%, and the under-reported rate was from 1.5.0% to 5.0%. Conclusion: At present, the phenomenon of late reporting and under-reporting occupational diseases is still obvious. It is necessary to strengthen the inspection of occupational disease reporting, improve the quality of occupational disease reporting, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention and control policies.

Analysis of dust and noise exposure levels in the mining industry from the national surveillance program in 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To understand the exposure level of dust and noise in the mining industry and provide data support for revising policy for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Data was collected through the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace. Descriptive analysis was conducted for dust and noise levels by industry type and enterprise size from 7, 679 enterprises in the mining industry among 29 provincial regions nationwide. Results: The enterprises in the mining industry included in the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace are mainly small and micro, accounting for 47.97% (3684/7679) and 30.00% (230/7679) respectively. The industry is mainly compred of employers in the non-metallic ming and beneficiation industry, accounting for 50.25% (3859/7679). Among the enterprises with silica dust, coal dust, and noise hazards, the proportion of enterprises where total dust concentration and noise intensity exceed the standard is higher than 50%. 30% of the posts are with an exposure level of silica dust, coal dust, and noise that exceeds the standard. The exceedance rate and the median of the time-weighted average concentration of total coal dust among large and medium-sized enterprises are higher than those among small and micro-sized enterprises (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The dust and noise hazards in the mining industry are lower than in the past in China, but more than 25% of workers are still at a high risk of occupational pneumoconiosis and noise deafness. Therefore, intervention and surveillance strategies should be strengthened in the future.

Analysis of the status of occupational disease prevention and control of enterprises in mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019, provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace. Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63 563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions. Results: The training rate of managers was 76.17% and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%. The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%, the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%, and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%. Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask, the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%. The differences in all the indicators among different areas, enterprise scales, economic types were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China. Measures such as special support, guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.

Material basis and mechanism of Curcuma longa tuberous roots with and without vinegar processing in treating primary dysmenorrhea / 中国中药杂志

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical components in Curcuma longa tuberous roots(HSYJ), C. longa tuberous roots processed with vinegar(CHSYJ), and rat serum after the administration. The active components of HSYJ and CHSYJ absorbed in serum were identified based on the secondary spectrum of database and literature. The targets of primary dysmenorrhea was screened out from database. The protein-protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the common targets shared by the drug active components in serum and primary dysmenorrhea, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. AutoDock was used to conduct molecular docking between the core components and targets. A total of 44 chemical components were identified from HSYJ and CHSYJ, including 18 absorbed in serum. On the basis of network pharmacology, we identified 8 core components(including procurcumenol, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ferulic acid, and zedoarondiol) and 10 core targets \[including interleukin-6(IL-6), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)\]. The core targets were mainly distributed in the heart, liver, uterus, and smooth muscle. The molecular docking results showed that the core components were well bound to the core targets, indicating that HSYJ and CHSYJ may exert therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea via estrogen, ovarian steroidogenesis, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), IL-17 and other signaling pathways. This study clarifies the HSYJ and CHSYJ components absorbed in serum, as well as the corresponding mechanism, providing a reference for further elucidating the therapeutic material basis and clinical application of HSYJ and CHSYJ.

Effect of processing with vinegar on efficacy of Curcuma longa in treatment of dysmenorrhea in rats with syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation / 中国中药杂志

This study compared the effects of Curcuma longa before and after processing with vinegar on the rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation to reveal the mechanism of vinegar processing in improving the role of C. longa in soothing liver and relieving pain. The rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation was established according to the Preparation of the Animal Model of Dysmenorrhea(Draft) and the chronic unpredictable stress me-thod. The changes in the body weight, organ indexes, writhing latency, writhing score, and serum levels of six liver function indicators, sex hormones, pain factors, and blood rheological indicators were measured to evaluate the efficacy of C. longa processed with vinegar or not in treating dysmenorrhea in the rats with syndrome of liver depression and qi stagnation. Compared with the model group, the C. longa group(processed with vinegar or not) showed slow weight loss, increase in writhing latency, and decrease in writhing response(P<0.05). The inhibition rates on writhing in raw C. longa, vinegar-processed C. longa, and positive groups were 33.780%, 64.611%, and 62.466%, respectively. The significantly higher inhibition rate of the vinegar processing group indicated that vinegar-processed C. longa demonstrated more significant therapeutic effect. The vinegar-processed C. longa group showed lower levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), direct bilirubin(DBIL), and total bilirubin(TBIL) and higher level of albumin(ALB)(P<0.05), which indicated that vinegar processing enhanced the therapeutic effect of C. longa on liver injury. The serum levels of estradiol(E_2) and oxytocin(OT) were lower in the vinegar-processed C. longa group(P<0.05), indicating that the vinegar-processed C. longa could regulate the sex hormone levels, reduce the activity of uterine smooth muscle and contraction of uterus, and alleviate the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in rats. Moreover, the vinegar-processed C. longa group showed lower interleukin-6(IL-6) and arginine vasopressin(AVP) levels and higher beta-endorphin(β-EP) level(P<0.05), which indicated that vinegar-processed C. longa regulated the levels of pain factors to exert the pain-relieving effect. Drug intervention decreased the whole blood viscosity low-cut, medium-cut and high-cut values, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduction viscosity low-cut and high-cut values, erythrocyte cumulative pressure, and equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(P<0.05), and the vinegar-processed C. longa group outperformed other groups. This result indicated that vinegar processing enhanced the function of C. longa in improving the local blood rheology. C. longa processed with vinegar can enter the liver to relieve the da-mage to the heart, liver, kidney, and uterus, repair the liver function, and recover the sex hormone levels and immune function by regulating the levels of sex hormones and pain factors and improving the blood rheology. It activates the pain-relieving mechanism to relieve the pain, protect the liver, and fight inflammation, which is consistent with the theory that vinegar processing facilitates C. longa entering the liver to sooth liver and relieve pain.

Treatment and prognosis analysis of perineural invasion on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with perineural invasion (PNI), and explore the prognostic value of PNI on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 105 patients with sinonasal ACC admitted to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were restaged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. Follow-up visits were conducted to obtain information of treatment failure and survival outcome. The Log rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: The maxillary sinus (n=59) was the most common primary site, followed by the nasal cavity (n=38). There were 93 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. The treatment modalities included surgery alone (n=14), radiotherapy alone (n=13), preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery (n=10), and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n=68). The median follow-up time was 91.8 months, the 5-year local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.6%, 73.0%, 52.9% and 78.0%, respectively. There were 33 patients (31.4%) with PNI-positive. The 5-year DMFS, PFS, and OS rates of PNI-positive group were 53.7%, 29.4% and 56.5%, respectively, which were significantly inferior to those of PNI-negative group (80.8%, 63.0% and 86.8%, respectively, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the 5-year LC rate between both groups (64.5% vs 76.5%, P=0.273). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed PNI was one of the poor prognostic factors of DMFS (HR=3.514, 95%CI: 1.557-7.932), PFS (HR=2.562, 95%CI: 1.349-4.866) and OS (HR=2.605, 95%CI: 1.169-5.806). Among patients with PNI-positive, the 5-year LC, PFS and OS rates of patients received surgery combined with radiotherapy were 84.9%, 41.3% and 72.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 23.3%, 10.0% and 26.7% of patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PNI increases the risk of distant metastasis in patients with sinonasal ACC. Compared with patients with PNI-negative, the prognosis of patients with PNI-positive is relatively poor, and surgery combined with radiotherapy for PNI-positive sinonasal ACC results in good clinical outcomes.

Effect of co-exposure of low-level benzene derivatives and noise on hearing loss of workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of combined exposure to low-level benzene derivatives and noise on hearing loss of workers. METHODS: A total of 216 employees from nine wood furniture factories and four printing factories were selected as research subjects by typical sampling method. Those without exposure to occupational hazardous factors were set as the control group, those exposed to noise alone were set as the noise group, and those exposed to benzene derivatives and noise were set as the combined exposure group. The normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8 hours working day(L_(EX,8 h)) and the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene in the workplace air of the three groups were detected, and the hearing threshold of 0.5-8.0 kHz in both ears of the research subjects were measured by pure tone audiometry. RESULTS: No benzene was detected in the workplace air of the combined exposure group, and the C_(TWA) of toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene were all lower than the occupational exposure limits. The L_(EX,8 h) of the noise group and combined exposure group were all higher than that of the control group [(85.6±2.5) vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A),(84.3±3.1) vs(68.7±4.4) dB(A), all P<0.05], while the L_(EX,8 h) of the noise group was higher than that of the combined exposure group [(85.6±2.5) vs(84.3±3.1) dB(A), P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the individual frequency hearing thresholds, average hearing threshold of speech frequency and average hearing threshold of high frequency in both ears in the noise group and the combined exposure group were increased(all P<0.05), and the detection rates of speech frequency hearing loss and high frequency hearing loss were increased(all P<0.02). The hearing thresholds of right ear of 0.5, 1.0 kHz and left ear of 0.5 kHz were increased in the combined exposure group(all P<0.05), and the detection rate of speech frequency hearing loss was increased(16.7% vs 40.8%, P<0.02), when compared with the noise group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the risk of speech frequency hearing loss and high frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were higher than that in the control group and the noise group(all P<0.05), after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as education level and smoking.CONCLUSION: The combined exposure to low-level benzene derivatives and noise may have a synergistic effect on the hearing loss in workers.

High Expression of Bone Marrow VEGF in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Its Correlation with Prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow of patients with non-M3 acute leukemia (AL), and estimate its relationship with prognosis.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to December 2019, 114 patients with AL in department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital were selected as study group, and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. The concentration of VEGF in bone marrow was detected by ELISA. The patients were divided into high and low concentration group according to the level of VEGF. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared among different groups.@*RESULTS@#The level of VEGF in patients with AL was significantly higher than that in the control group. The median OS and EFS in the low concentration group was 34.5 and 32 months, respectively, while, in the high concentration group was 30 and 26 months, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.010). There were significant differences in OS rate (P=0.035) and EFS rate (P=0.026) between low and high concentration group. Multivariate analysis showed that high VEGF concentration was an independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.619, 95%CI 1.070-6.406, P=0.035) and EFS (HR=2.221, 95%CI 1.074-4.552, P=0.031) in AL patients.@*CONCLUSION@#VEGF highly expresses in the bone marrow of patients with AL at initial diagnosis and relapse, and shows adverse effects on the prognosis.

Regulation Effect of Myeloid Leukemia No.1 Chinese Herb Medicine Prescription Combined with Chemotherapy on Th17 Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the regulation effect of myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy on Th17 cells in bone marrow fluid of AML patients, so as to provide guidance for improving AML treatment effect and patients' long-term survival.@*METHODS@#Seventy patients with AML who were hospitalized in Department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital from April 2017 to August 2019 were selected and enrolled in AML group, 25 healthy volunteers were selected and enrolled in control group; then according to therapeutic regimen, AML patients were divided into 2 groups: combined therapy group (myeloid leukemia NO.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy) and non-combined therapy group (chemotherapy alone). Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of CD3@*RESULTS@#The ratio of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Th17 cells expression in bone marrow of newly diagnoses and relapsed AML patients significantly increase, and decrease significantly after treatment. Myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb prescription combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the CR rate and reduce the RL rate for AML.

β-Thalassemia among Newborns in Wuhan Region and Its Influence Factors / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the screening of β-thalassemia among newborns in Wuhan region, so as to explore the influencing factors of Hb A in dried blood spot.@*METHODS@#Concentrations of Hb A,Hb A2,Hb F in the dried blood spots collected from 99 275 neonates in Wuhan region were analyzed by Sebia capillary electrophoresis. The screening result of β-thalassemia was interpretated accroding to the ratio of each group, the suspicious β-thalassemia newborns were recalled and the gene of thalassemia in those newborns was checked.@*RESULTS@#Among 99 275 newborns, 1 408 positive patients were found, and the positive rate of screening was 1.41%. A total of 350 patients with gene mutation were found among 709 β-thalassemia suspicious patients. There were significantly statistical differences of positive predictive value among Hb A levels in different groups and there were also significantly statistical differences of positive predictive values among gestational weeks in different groups. No significantly statistical differences were observed among different genetic defects and phenotypes of heterozygous β-thalassemia in Hb A concentrations. Postnatal day and gestational age were significantly and positively associated with Hb A concentrations.@*CONCLUSION@#The capillary electrophoresis is an effective screening method for β-thalassemia of full-term neonate. Postnatal day and gestational age is associated with the pencentage of Hb A.

Study on effect of different processing methods on chemical components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

To determine the content of extracts in different processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and the content of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide Ⅰ, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide A and ligustilide, in order to study the effect of different proces-sing methods on the alcohol-soluble extract and the content of six ingredients of Chuanxiong Rhizoma. The extract was determined according to the alcohol-soluble extract determination method set forth in item 2201 of the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia Ⅳ; the content was determined by using Agilent TC-C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) for gradient elution, with acetonitrile(A)-0.5% acetic acid solution(B) as the mobile phase; the column temperature was at 30 ℃; the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1), the detection wavelength was 285 nm; and the injection volume was 10 μL. Compared with Chuanxiong Rhizoma, the extracts of processed products all increased significantly; by the degree of increase, the order was stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with honey>stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with rice wine>stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix decoction>stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with tea decoction; the HPLC method was convenient and reliable, with a high linear relationship of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide Ⅰ, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide A and ligustilide, and a high precision, repeatability, stability and the sample recovery rate in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and its processed products. There were 15 chromatographic peaks before and after processing, eight of them were identified. Compared with the pre-processing, two chromatographic peaks were added after the stir-frying with honey and rice wine; and four chromatographic peaks were added after the processing with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix decoction; the contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, senkyunolide Ⅰ, coniferyl ferulate, senkyunolide A, and ligustilide in stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with rice wine were all reduced. Except for the content of ferulic acid that increased, the content of the other five components decreased in stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with honey, stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with tea decoction, and stir-frying Chuanxiong Rhizoma with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix decoction. Rice wine, honey, decoction of tea and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix could all promote the dissolution of chemical components in Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and increase the content of extract; the changes in the contents of six components of different processed products could provide a certain basis for studying chemical composition and efficacy of different processed products of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.

Preliminary observation of new immobilization for total skin irradiation with helical tomotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To preliminarily observe the feasibility of different immobilization techniques for total skin irradiation (TSI) using helical tomotherapy.Methods:Three eczema scrophuloderma patients treated with TSI in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were immobilized with low-temperature thermoplastic in a prone position, diving suit combined with negative pressure vacuum bag in a supine position, low-temperature thermoplastic combined with vacuum bag in a supine position, respectively. Different immobilization effects were observed. The conformity index (CI) of the target area, heterogeneity index (HI) of the target area, and the mean dose (D mean) of the target area were calculated. Results:Three immobilization methods could achieve satisfactory immobilization effects, and all the dosimetric parameters of radiation treatment plans met the clinical requirements. The average set-up errors in the left and right, head and foot, and abdomen and back directions of three patients were (0.26±3.40) mm, (-2.63±4.63) mm and (6.13±4.86) mm, respectively. The CI, HI andD mean were0.56±0.09, 1.186±0.059 and (2586.56±63.28) cGy. Conclusions:Low-temperature thermoplastic or diving suits can be combined with vacuum bags for immobilization in TSI. The epidermal dose can be increased with bolus through the dose-building effect, which can provide a safe and reliable method for TSI in helical tomotherapy.

Effect of Herbal Medicines in Wuzi Yanzong Wan Processed with Salt-water on Apoptosis of Spermatogenic Cells in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Wuzi Yanzong Wan made of different processed products on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rats with kidney essence deficiency， and explore its protective effect on spermatogenic cells. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， whole raw product group， pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group， with 8 rats in each group. The kidney essence deficiency model was replicated by giving tripterygium glycoside tablets （the dose of 20 mg·kg^-1）. The flow cytometry （FCM） was used to analysis the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in testis， the immunohistochemistry （IHC） and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in the testis. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to compare the contents of eight components （chlorogenic acid， ellagic acid， hyperoside， isoquercitrin， verbascoside， astragalin， kaempferol and schisandrin） in Wuzi Yanzong Wan made of different processed products， the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile （A）-0.4% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） for gradient elution （0-5 min， 5%-15%A； 5-10 min， 15%-17%A； 10-25 min， 17%A； 25-35 min， 17%-26%A； 35-60 min， 26%-56%A）， the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Result:Compared with the model group， the total apoptosis rate of spermatogenic cells， protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in each administration group were improved. Among them， the pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group had significant effects （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the improvement effect of the pharmacopoeia group and salt-processed product group was significantly better than that of the whole raw product group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， hyperoside， isoquercitrin and verbascoside in Wuzi Yanzong Wan were increased after the herbal medicines being processed with salt-water. The content of ellagic acid in the salt-processed product group increased， while it decreased in the pharmacopoeia group. The contents of verbascoside， astragalin， kaempferol and schisandrin in samples from the salt-processed product group were greater than those in samples from the pharmacopoeia group. Conclusion:Wuzi Yanzong Wan may reduce the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rat testis by inhibiting the expression of Bax and promoting the expression of Bcl-2， and exert its effect of nourishing kidney and enriching essence. The enhanced anti-spermatogenic effect of Wuzi Yanzong Wan after processing may be related to the changes in chemical composition content after processing.

The progress and perspective of nanoparticle-enabled tumor metastasis treatment

As one of the most serious threats to human being, cancer is hard to be treated when metastasis happens. What's worse, there are few identified targets of metastasis for drug development. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to prevent metastasis or treat existed metastasis. This review focuses on the procedure of metastasis, and first summarizes the targeting delivery strategies, including primary tumor targeting drug delivery, tumor metastasis targeting drug delivery and hijacking circulation cells. Then, as a promising treatment, the application of immunotherapy in tumor metastasis treatment is introduced, and strategies that stimulating immune response are reviewed, including chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, ferroptosis, sonodynamic therapy, and nanovaccines. Finally, the challenges and perspective about nanoparticle-enabled tumor metastasis treatment are discussed.

Comparison of the therapeutic effect of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of single-level lumbar disc herniation / 中国基层医药

Objective:To compare the efficacy of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of single-level lumbar disc herniation, and its influence on inflammatory factors in peripheral blood.Methods:From July 2016 to July 2018, 100 patients with single-level lumbar disc herniation admitted to the People's Hospital of Haiyan County were selected and divided into observation group ( n=50) and control group ( n=50) according to random number table method.The patients in the control group were treated with PLIF, while the patients in the observation group were treated with MIS-TLIF.The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) scores and the levels of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups before and after operation.The recurrence rate, incidence of complication and surgical indicators were observed. Results:The VAS and ODI scores at postoperative 1 week in the observation group were (2.32±0.85)points and (19.46±3.44)points, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group[(4.41±0.97)points and (25.78±3.63)points], the differences were statistically significant( t=13.485, 8.936, all P<0.05). The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in the observation group at postoperative 1 week were (2.76±0.49)ng/L and (0.78±0.13)ng/L, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group[(4.68±0.81)ng/L and (1.12±0.17)ng/L], the differences were statistically significant ( t=14.341, 11.240, all P<0.05). The operation time and bed-rest time in the observation group were (109.53±20.37)min and (30.61±3.30)d, respectively, which were shorter than those in the control group[(122.34±30.21)min and (42.87±4.68)d], and the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in the observation group were (181.12±40.86)mL and (60.08±11.62)mL, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group[(306.65±50.38)mL and (218.41±24.46)mL], the differences were statistically significant between the tuo groups ( t=2.486, 15.139, 13.684, 41.343, all P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 8.00%(4/50), which was lower than 30.00%(15/50) in the control group (χ 2=19.512, P<0.05). At 3, 6 and 9 months after operation, the recurrence rates in the observation group were 0.00%, 4.00% and 8.00%, respectively, which were lower than 6.00%, 10.00% and 22.00% in the control group(χ 2=6.186, 5.674, 7.686, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with PLIF, MIS-TLIF can achieve good results in the treatment of single-level lumbar disc herniation, which can relieve patients' pain, promote the recovery of waist function, reduce inflammatory response, and reduce the recurrence rate and incidence of complications.

Therapeutic Effect of Ershen Pill () Extract on Pi (Spleen)-Shen (Kidney) Yang Deficiency-Induced Diarrhea in Rat Model / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Ershen Pill (ESP, ) could alleviate the symptom of Pi (Spleen)-Shen (Kidney) yang deficiency (PSYD)-induced diarrhea in rat model and explore its anti-diarrhea mechanism.@*METHODS@#Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table, including control, positive, model, low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) ESP groups, 15 rats in each group. All the rats, except those in the control group, were developed PSYD induced-diarrhea based on its pathology and etiology. The rats in positive, LD and HD ESP groups were treated with Shenling Baizhu Pill (), LD (1.05 g/kg) or HD (3.50 g/kg) ESP petroleum ether extract once a day for 2 weeks, respectively. Body weight change and diarrhea index were measured. The histology scores of the kidney were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in the colon was analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, oral administration of LD and HD ESP prevented body weight loss and inhibited diarrhea after 2-week treatment (P<0.05). Kidney deterioration was impeded, and the histology score in LD and HD ESP groups were 8.2 and 10.5, respectively, which were both higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). In addition, ESP treatment alleviated rat colitis, and HD ESP significantly improved the AQP3 positive staining intensity in the colon tissue compared with the model group. The result from Western blot revealed that AQP3 protein synthesis in colon tissue of LD and HD ESP groups increased by 2.1- and 5.9-fold compared with the model group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR result showed that AQP3 gene expression in the HD ESP group was also up-regulated by 2.5-fold normalized to the model group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ESP extract effectively alleviates the symptoms of PSYD and relieves PSYD-induced diarrhea by improving AQP3 synthesis in the colon.

Discussion on Theory of “Wine Processing Could Promote Efficacy” Based on Brain Protective Effect of Raw and Wine-processed Products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on ICH Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference of effect of raw and wine-processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma extract on brain protection of rats with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and the connotation of the theory of "wine processing could promote efficacy" of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Method:Wistar male rats were used to establish the ICH model,extracts of raw and wine-processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were used for intervention,and these rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(blank group,sham-operated group,model group,raw Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group,wine-processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group and Angong Niuhuangwan group).Then the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay.The expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and vascular endothelial cadherin-2(VE-cadherin-2) in the hemorrhagic brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemical assay.The expression of reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase 2(NOX2) and tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated gene-6(TSG-6) in the hemorrhagic brain tissue was detected by Western blot.The content of glutathione(GSH) in the serum of ICH rats was detected by automatic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems.Through these above methods,we investigated the differences between raw products and wine-processed products on brain protection of ICH rats. Result:Compared with the sham-operated group,the apoptosis index of the hippocampal neurons in the model group were increased significantly(PPPPPPPPPPPPConclusion:The raw and wine-processed products of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma all have brain protective effect on ICH rat model,but the protective effect of wine-processed products is slightly better than that of raw products.The result of this study provides experimental basis for exploring the theory of "wine processing could promote efficacy" of this herb.

Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma on Gut Microbiota of Normal and Type 2 Diabetic Rats Before and After Being Steamed with Rice Wine Based on 16S rRNA Technique / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma on intestinal microflora of normal and type 2 diabetic rats before and after being steamed with rice wine based on 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Method: The type 2 diabetic rat model was established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Normal and model rats were given the decoction of Coptidis Rhizoma or Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine every day (0.8 g·kg-1, according to raw drug quantity), the positive drug group was given metformin solution every day (0.25 g·kg-1), continuous administration for 30 d. Blood glucose was measured once a week and oral glucose tolerance was measured on the 27th day of administration. On the 30th day, feces were taken and the rats were anesthetized. Blood was taken for enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Colon was dissected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, the alpha diversity, beta diversity, abundance and composition, and the correlation with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of intestinal microflora were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. Result: After giving normal rats Coptidis Rhizoma or Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine, there were some inflammatory reactions, imbalance of oxidation-antioxidant system, pathological damage of colon and changes of intestinal microflora, which showed some toxic and side effects, but the toxic and side effects of Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine were lower than those of Coptidis Rhizoma. Coptidis Rhizoma could reduce fasting blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats before and after steaming. Although the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine had an increasing trend, there was no significant difference between before and after processing. Type 2 diabetic rats appeared mild inflammation and imbalance of oxidation-antioxidant system, characterized by significant increase of contents of interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB and malondialdehyde (MDA) (PPPConclusion: Coptidis Rhizoma can treat type 2 diabetic rats by regulating intestinal microflora before and after steaming with rice wine, and the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine is better. The toxic and side effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on intestinal flora are reduced by steamed with rice wine. The processing mechanism of increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity of Coptidis Rhizoma steamed with rice wine is closely related to intestinal microflora.