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Objective This study aims to examine the association between leptin and postpartum depression symptoms. Methods Two hundred pregnant women were enrolled and their prenatal serum leptin levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The state of depression was first assessed on the third day after delivery and reassessed by a telephone follow up on the 42nd day using the Edinburg postnatal depression scale (EPDS) after delivery. Patients with postpartum depression symptoms with EPDS score ≥13 points after 3 days postpartum or 42 days postpartum were recruited as the depressive symptom group. Results The medians and lower and upper quartiles of the prenatal serum leptin levels in the depressive symptom group (the 3rd day) and the control group were 1.36 (1.15, 1.68) μg/L and 1.49 (1.28, 1.91) μg/L, respectively. After normal conversion, the serum leptin level was significantly lower in the depressive symptom group than in the control group (P=0.021). The medians and lower and upper quartiles of the prenatal serum leptin levels in the depressive symptom group (the 42nd day) and the control group were 1.17 (1.01, 1.36) μg/L and 1.50 (1.29, 1.90) μg/L, respectively. After normal conversion, the serum leptin level was significantly lower in the depressive symptom group than in the control group (P＜0.001). EPDS scores 3 days postpartum (r=-0.199, P=0.014) and 42 days postpartum (r=-0.254, P=0.002) were negatively correlated with prenatal serum leptin levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prenatal leptin levels were associated with depressive symptoms at 42 days postpartum (OR=0.026, P=0.001). Conclusion Prenatal serum leptin levels may be associated with postpartum depressive symptoms, and high levels of leptin are protective factors for postpartum depression.
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Objective·To identify the relationship between the estimated fetal weight (EFW) discordance and birth weight (BW) discordance, and evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in predicting birth weight discordance (△BW) of twin pregnancy. Methods·The ultrasound was used to detect the growth of twins at different gestational weeks and the data were analyzed to compare the difference between EFW discordance (△EFW) and ?BW. Results·About 15.9 percent of twins (totally 277 cases) had severe △BW (△BW ≥20%) in our study, and the percentages of dichorionic-diamniotic twin (DCDA) and monochorionic-diamniotic twin (MCDA) were 68.2% and 31.8%, respectively (P>0.01). Compared with △EFW in other gestational weeks,△EFW last time before parturition was most consistent of △BW. Furthermore, the negative predictive value of MCDA was highest (94%) at 22-24 gestational weeks. Conclusion·Twin △BW was relatively better predicted by △EFW last time before parturition. Twin pregnancy without severe △EFW (△EFW<20%), especially MCDA with △EFW<20% at 22-24 weeks, had low probability of selective intrauterine growth restriction in the future.
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Objective To explore the cross-sectional study of depressive and emotional regulation strategies of elderly residents in Yinchuan and their relationship.Methods A total number of 1 043 elderly cases,including 505 from 5 nursing institutions and 538 from 5 communities in Yinchuan city were chosen,from March to May,2016.Depression survey using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),emotional adjustment strategies were conducted using the Gross Emotional Regulatory Questionnaire and the Rumination Scale.Results The overall incidence rate of depression among the elderly residents appeared as 32.0％,with 35.5％ in the communities and 28.3％ in the nursing homes and the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.187,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of depression among the elderly and the aged in the community (x2=0.066,P=0.798) by the trend analysis method.The score of GDS for the 1 043 elderly was (9.1 ±5.7) points.The scores on cognitive reappraisal in emotional adjustment strategies and on expression inhibition were (26.7 ± 8.0) and (16.3 ± 6.6) points respectively.The score of the rumination was (34.5 ± 11.7) points.There were significant differences in cognitive reappraisal scores on different sex,hobbies and physical exercise (all Ps＜0.05) among the elderly.There were significant differences in rumination scores among the elderly with different age,marital status,cultural level,interest (all Ps ＜0.05) and in the scores of expression inhibition among the elderly with different levels of education and income (all Ps＜0.05).There appeared a negative correlation between the depression scores and cognitive reappraisal (r=-0.400,P＜0.01) but a positive correlation between the scores of depression and rumination (r=0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of depression identified in the elderly residents appeared high and was associated with emotional adjustment strategies,in Yinchuan city.
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Objective To explore the cross-sectional study of depressive and emotional regulation strategies of elderly residents in Yinchuan and their relationship.Methods A total number of 1 043 elderly cases,including 505 from 5 nursing institutions and 538 from 5 communities in Yinchuan city were chosen,from March to May,2016.Depression survey using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),emotional adjustment strategies were conducted using the Gross Emotional Regulatory Questionnaire and the Rumination Scale.Results The overall incidence rate of depression among the elderly residents appeared as 32.0％,with 35.5％ in the communities and 28.3％ in the nursing homes and the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.187,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of depression among the elderly and the aged in the community (x2=0.066,P=0.798) by the trend analysis method.The score of GDS for the 1 043 elderly was (9.1 ±5.7) points.The scores on cognitive reappraisal in emotional adjustment strategies and on expression inhibition were (26.7 ± 8.0) and (16.3 ± 6.6) points respectively.The score of the rumination was (34.5 ± 11.7) points.There were significant differences in cognitive reappraisal scores on different sex,hobbies and physical exercise (all Ps＜0.05) among the elderly.There were significant differences in rumination scores among the elderly with different age,marital status,cultural level,interest (all Ps ＜0.05) and in the scores of expression inhibition among the elderly with different levels of education and income (all Ps＜0.05).There appeared a negative correlation between the depression scores and cognitive reappraisal (r=-0.400,P＜0.01) but a positive correlation between the scores of depression and rumination (r=0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of depression identified in the elderly residents appeared high and was associated with emotional adjustment strategies,in Yinchuan city.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the value of combined four-chamber view,left and right ventricular outflow tract view and three-vessel view of two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in prenatal screening for fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). MethodsFour combined views of 2DE were used to detect fetal hearts in 2419 fetuses at 21～ 25 gestational weeks.The echocardiograms were performed on all 2382 live-birth infants.Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predict value and negative predict value were calculated. Results The prevalence of fetal CHD was 11.62％ (281/2419).Among the 281 CHD fetuses,87.18％ were simple CHD (n=245) and 12.82％ were complex CHD (n=36).No difference was found in the positive rate of fetal CHD between the high-risk group and non-high-risk group [13.60％(34/250) vs 11.39％(247/2169),x2=1.069,P＜0.05].Thirty-six cases of CHD could be detected by the four combined views in prenatal screening with the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of 12.8％,99.8％,90.0％ and 89.7％,respectively.However,the diagnostic sensitivity of four combined views for simple CHD was 2.9％(7/245) and 80.6％(29/36) for complex CHD.The prevalence of neonatal CHD was 10.58％ (252/2382),including 241 with simple CHD and 11 complex ones. ConclusionsFour combined views of 2DE for prenatal screening is less sensitive in detecting simple CHD than complex CHD.Most of the complex CHD could be diagnosed by four combined views of 2DE before birth,but the misdiagnosis rate is high in simple CHD.The echocardiograms performed on newborns might make up for the lack.