ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 1 （CDK1） and aurora kinase A （AURKA） in the diagnosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma （HBV-HCC）. MethodsA total of 50 HBV-HCC patients， 50 patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis （HBV-LC）， and 50 chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology， Gansu Provincial Hospital， from June 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled， and 50 healthy individuals， matched for age and sex， who received physical examination at Physical Examination Center during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Related data were recorded for all patients， including age， sex， complications， and the results of routine blood test， liver function， and coagulation for the first time after admission. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups； the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups and the least significant difference Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between CDK1 and AURKA， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） were used to investigate the value of CDK1 and AURKA in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC. ResultsThere were significant differences in liver function parameters between the HBV-HCC patients and the control group （all P<0.05）； there were significant differences between the CHB group and the HBV-HCC group in albumin， Glb， direct bilirubin， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase （GGT）， and alkaline phosphatase （all P<0.05）； there were significant differences between the HBV-LC group and the HBV-HCC group in Glb， AST， and GGT （all P<0.05）. The HBV-HCC group had significantly higher serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA than the HBV-LC group， the CHB group， and the control group （all P<0.05）. There was a significant positive correlation between CDK1 and AURKA in the overall study population and the HBV-HCC patients （r=0.526 6 and 0.815 2， P<0.001）. With the control group as reference， CDK1 had an AUC of 0.832 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC， with a sensitivity of 92.86% and a specificity of 75%， and AURKA had an AUC of 0.886 6 in the diagnosis of HCC， with a sensitivity of 95.80% and a specificity of 74%. With the CHB group as reference， CDK1 had an AUC of 0.833 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC， with a sensitivity of 93.75% and a specificity of 75%， and AURKA had an AUC of 0.972 7 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC， with a sensitivity of 95.83% and a specificity of 91.67%. With the HBV-LC group as reference， CDK1 had an AUC of 0.608 5 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC， with a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 54.17%， and AURKA had an AUC of 0.762 2 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC， with a sensitivity of 95.83% and a specificity of 47.92%. ConclusionThe serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA increase with the progression of hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease， and significant increases in serum CDK1 and AURKA have a certain value in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common tumor in the digestive tract， the formation mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiation， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have achieved significant results in the treatment of HCC， these methods are accompanied by a considerable number of adverse reactions and complications. In recent years， Chinese medicine has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of HCC， and both basic experiments and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Chinese medicine， which exerts therapeutic effects via multiple components and multiple targets. However， the pathogenesis of HCC is exceptionally complex and not fully understood， which means that studies remain to be carried out regarding the specific mechanism of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating HCC. Network pharmacology and molecular biology can be employed to decipher the mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate various pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signaling pathways. Chinese medicine can exhibit its anti-HCC effects by inducing cell apoptosis， inhibiting cell proliferation and migration， and blocking the cell cycle via the above pathways. However， the specific mechanisms remain to be systematically studied. This study comprehensively reviews the regulatory effects of Chinese medicine on HCC-related signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC. This view holds the promise of providing new targets， new perspectives， and new therapies for HCC treatment and advancing the modernization and development of Chinese medicine.
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Abstract@#With the socio economic development and urbanization, obesity increased dramatically worldwide among children and adolescents over the past years. The determinants of obesity are complicated, and its association with built environment in community has received great concern in recent years. To provide theoretical basis for building supportive environment beneficial for obesity prevention, the review summarizes obesity related built environment, including food environment, physical activity environment, road traffic environment, lighting at night.
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Hepatic fibrosis characterized by various chronic liver injuries can lead to abnormal activation of hepatic stellate cells， unbalanced production and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins， and excessive deposition that destroys the normal structure of the liver. The aggravated liver fibrosis can cause irreversible cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma， becoming a great challenge to the global health. Ferroptosis is a new form of iron-dependent cell death discovered in recent years， which mainly involves abnormal iron metabolism， lipid peroxide accumulation， and weakening of the antioxidant defense system. A number of studies have reported that inducing ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells or alleviating ferroptosis in the liver can ameliorate liver fibrosis and reduce liver injury. Chinese medicine widely applied in the treatment of chronic liver diseases has demonstrated good safety， wide therapeutic effects， and easy access compared with Western medicine. Therefore， The intervention of hepatic stellate cells or hepatic ferroptosis by Chinese medicine may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis in the future. This paper summarized the various regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and expounded how ferroptosis affected the progression of liver fibrosis， providing theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis with Chinese medicine in the future.
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Various teaching methods were used in occupational health and occupational medicine teaching,including problem based learning,multimedia teaching,bilingual teaching,case based learning and practice teaching methods when being confronted with new situation of occupational health and occupational safety.These methods are mean to encourage students' enthusiasm,cultivate students' comprehensive ability and enhance their sense of social responsibility and mission.Results showed that these methods improved the quality of teaching and achieved good teaching results.