ABSTRACT
Aims: The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of herbal supplement on laying performance and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk of laying birds. Study Design: The experiment employed a completely randomised design, all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P =0.05. Methodology: A total of ninety-six (26-week old laying birds) of Isa-brown laying birds were used in a 120-day feeding trial. The birds were assigned to 4 dietary treatments replicated eight times with 3 hens per replicate and were fed the control diet and diets supplemented with 5 g/kg garlic powder, 5 g/kg moringa leafmeal and 5 g/kg ginger powder as diets 2,3,4, respectively. The birds were fed with experimental diets for the 120-day period during which data were obtained on laying performance, internal and external egg qualities and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk. Results: There was no significant difference in hen day production, feed intake in birds fed control diet and diets supplemented with herbs. Final live-weight and weight change decreased (p<0.05) with dietary herbal supplementation. Supplementation of diets with herbs resulted in a significant increase in egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell surface area compared to the control diet. The yolk weight and albumen weight were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary herbal supplement. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the dietary herbal supplement and was maximised (288 µml-1) at diet 3 likewise, the egg yolk superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (p<0.05) in the dietary herbal supplement and was maximised (9.21 µml-1) at diet 3. Conclusion: Diet supplemented with 5 g/kg moringa leafmeal gave optimum performance, 5g/kg moringa leafmeal may be used as feed additive to improve performance, egg qualities characteristics and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk of laying birds.
ABSTRACT
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in young infants is easily misdiagnosed as bronchopneumonia yet survival of such patients lies in prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment. The report aimed to increase awareness among Paediatricians and Paediatric Surgeons of the need for high index of suspicion for this condition to allow for early diagnosis and management. A two-month old infant presented with a five-week history of cough of sudden onset and a week history of difficulty in breathing. He had been managed in several hospitals for bronchopneumonia. Examination findings showed features of respiratory distress, widespread coarse crepitations and bowel sounds in the lung fields. Chest radiograph showed `loops of bowel in the mediastinum. He had surgical reduction and repair of the hernia, made excellent recovery post-op and was discharged home. CDH is an uncommon anomaly but a high index of suspicion will allow early diagnosis and treatment with favourable outcome when picked early
Subject(s)
Bronchopneumonia , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital , Infant , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, NewbornABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica methanol leaves extract on lipid profile and liver enzyme on alloxan induced diabetic rats. 30 Wistar rats of both sexes were used for the study. The rats were divided into six groups with five rats in each group. The diabetic rats were treated with n- butanol and ethyl acetate for a period of 12 days. After which the animals were sacrificed and blood serum sample were taken from all the groups for the assessment of lipid profiles and liver enzymes. As regards to the lipid profile there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the triglyceride and cholesterol level in ethyl acetate treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg , while, there was also a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated group. Also there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT, AST and ALP levels in ethyl acetate fraction treated group with 50 and 100 mg/kg when compared with the control untreated group. In relation to the n-butanol fraction at the two doses tested 100 and 200 mg/kg there was no significant change in the levels of triglyceride when compared with the control untreated. However there was decrease in the levels of cholesterol (p<0.05) and a significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein when compared with the control untreated. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST while there was no significant change in the level of ALP treated with the n-butanol fraction when compared with the control untreated group. The phytochemical screening revealed the presences of saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the ethyl acetate in mice was calculated to be 471.2 mg/kg b.w and n-butanol is 774.5 mg/kg b.w. This results suggest that the Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of methanol leaves extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect on alloxan induced diabetic rats.
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Acacia nilotica on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats has been investigated. Two doses of the ethylacetate fraction 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered. As regard to 50mg/kg caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the blood glucose levels when compared with control at 3,5,7,9 and 12 days of treatment with percentage glycaemia change of 49.1,54.8,60.5, 58.8 and 69.7 respectively. However, the dose of 100mg/kg ,there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) at 3 5 7, 9 and 12 days treatment when compared to control untreated with percentage glycaemia change of 50.1,56.8, 52.8, 69.9 and 59.6 . Also two doses of n-butanol, 100 and 200 mg/kg fraction was administered to the diabetic rats. The dose of 100 mg/kg, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) after 7 and 12 days of treatment when compared to untreated control. As regard the dose of 200 mg/kg, there was a significant decrease ( p<0.05) at 3, 5 ,7,9 and 12 days of treatment when compared to control untreated with percentage glycaemic change of 20.7,35.3,52.3, 44.2 and 40.9 respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presences of saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The median lethal dose (LD50) in mice was calculated to be 471.2 mg/kg bodyweight. This result suggests that the Ethylacetate and n-butanol fractions of leaves methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica possess antidiabetic effects on alloxan - induced diabetic Wistar rats.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of magnesium and copper sulphates on serum lipid profile and serum liver enzymes in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water and administered to the animals for a period of six (6) weeks. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as diabetic negative control were administered 1ml distilled water. Group II were administered Magnesium sulphate (250 mg/kg b w). Group III were administered Copper sulphate (250 mg/kg b w) and Group IV administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w) served as positive control. All treatments were given orally for a period of seven days. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. However, high density lipoprotein serum level was significantly increased (p<0.05) in groups administered with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group. The results also showed that magnesium and copper sulphates at dose of 250mg/kg b w produced a significantly decreased (p<0.05) serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in the treated groups when compared to diabetic untreated control group.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium and copper sulphates on blood glucose and serum electrolytes levels in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water and administered to the animals for a period of six (6). After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as diabetic control and were administered distilled water, Group II were administered Magnesium sulphate (250 mg/kg b w), Group III were administered Copper sulphate (250 mg/kg b w) and Group IV administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w). All treatments were given orally for a period of seven days. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels in groups administered with 250 mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate after day 3 and 7 when compared to diabetic control group. The results also showed that magnesium and copper sulphates at doses tested i.e 250 mg/kg b w, produced a significantly decreased (p<0.05). With regard to serum levels of sodium, potassium and bicarbonate ions when compared to diabetic untreated control group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of serum chloride in the groups treated with 250mg/kg b w of magnesium and copper sulphate when compared to diabetic control group.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin C and E administration on serum lipid profiles and liver enzymes on fructose-induced diabetes on Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by administration of 20% (20g/100ml) of fructose dissolved in distilled water for a period of six (6) weeks to the animals. After which the animals were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control) administered distilled water, Group 2 administered vitamin C (100mg/kg b w), Group 3 administered vitamin E (100mg/kg b w) and Group 4 administered Metformin (250 mg/kg b w). The results obtained showed a statistical significant reduction (p<0.05) in the level of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in all groups administered vitamin C (100 mg/kg b w) and E (100 mg/kg b w) when compared to diabetic control group. However, the serum level of high density lipoprotein was significant increase in the group treated with vitamin E (100 mg/kg b w) when compared to diabetic control group. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) levels of all serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in the groups treated with Vitamin C and Metformin. However, serum AST there was no significant change in the group treated with vitamin E (100 mg/kg b w).
ABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS has become a source of concern all over the world. The concern cannot be isolated from the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS on economic, social, political and technological development of any nation with a high prevalence rate Nigeria is one of the countries with HIV/AIDS prevalence rate of over 4%. Despite this challenge, the patronage of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is still very low. This study therefore examined the factors hindering the acceptance of VCT as expressed by youths in Kwara State. A total of 600 youths from the three Senatorial districts in the State were involved in the study. A survey instrument designed by the researchers was used to collect relevant information from the respondents. Among others, the study identified ignorance, poverty, inadequate number of VCT centres, stigma and discrimination as major factors responsible for the low patronage of VCT centres in Kwara State. Gender and religion had no significant influence on the respondents' views while place of residence had significant influence. The implications of the findings to medical practice and counseling were identified and discussed. (Afr. J. Reprod. Health 2010; 14[3]: 159-164)
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Counseling , HIV Infections , Mass Screening , Nigeria , Patient Acceptance of Health CareABSTRACT
Post-pandial glycaemic responses to food can be affected by the method involved in the preparation of the food. Dietary intervention with food modification forms the corner- stone of management of type 2 diabetes worldwide. The effect of processing on yam; a staple food in Nigeria; was studied among diabetic and non-diabetic Nigerians. Despite undergoing more processing; amala prepared from yam flour had a better post-pandial glycaemic response index (PGRI) compared to other yam preparations; and this was also significantly higher among the diabetic subjects. Yam-based products; particularly amala; should be encouraged among diabetic Nigerians