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italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases at clinic. Its main water-soluble components are rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), which are produced by phenylpropanoid pathway. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) is a key enzyme in phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway. SmHPPR1 was cloned from S. miltiorrhiza and was constructed into plant expression vector pJR-SmHPPR1. On this basis, SmHPPR1 transgenic Arabidopsis plants were induced and the content of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL) was determined. SmHPPR1-overexpressing (SmHPPR1-OE) hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were obtained and the concentration of active components and transcriptome analysis were performed. The results showed that the concentration of pHPL in SmHPPR1 transgenic Arabidopsis T1 was 0.594 mg·g-1 dry weight. The concentration of RA, SAB and total salvianolic acid in SmHPPR1-OE-3 hairy roots were 1.09, 1.29, 1.15 times of that in control-3, respectively, and the content of Danshensu was 36.26% of that in control-3. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that overexpression of SmHPPR1 caused the upregulation of other phenylpropanoid pathway genes like SmTAT2. Protein-protein interaction indicated CYT (TR74706_c0_g1), NADP+ (TR26565_c0_g1) and NADP+ (TR68771_c0_g1) is the central node of the network and participated in metabolic process and cellular process. The tracking work in this study proved that SmHPPR1 could catalyze the reduction of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in SmHPPR1 transgenic Arabidopsis, and SmHPPR1-overexpressing in hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza could increase the concentration of salvianolic acids through synergistically regulating other pathway genes.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic condition with rapidly increasing incidence, becoming a public health issue of worldwide concern. Studies have shown that farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-based modulation of downstream targets can improve liver function and metabolic status in the patients with NAFLD and may be a potential drug target for treating this di-sease. Great progress has been achieved in the development of drugs targeting FXR for the treatment of NAFLD. A number of studies have explored the traditional Chinese medicine and their active ingredients for the treatment of NAFLD via FXR considering the high safety and efficacy and mild side effects. This paper systematically describes the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of NAFLD via FXR and the downstream targets, aiming to provide precise targets for the drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism , Liver , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/adverse effects , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To explore solutions to the "grey zone" of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) mixing study, and establish the clinical application pathway of it.Methods:Patients treated in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, with a prolonged APTT were included in this study. The ROC curve was used to analyze the"cut-off"of different methods and explore solutions to the "grey zone" by combination of the 1∶1 and 4∶1 mixing study. Similar samples from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 were included to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the clinical application pathway.Results:The traditional Rosner index criterion had a low diagnostic accuracy in differentiating factor deficiencies from inhibitors. A total of 49 cases (15%) in the establishment group and validation group were located in the "grey zone". The optimal cut-off value of the Rosner index in our 1∶1 mixing study for determining factor deficiency was 5.0%, and inhibitor was 9.1%. The sample between 5.0% and 9.0% needed 4∶1 mixing studies, which could significantly improve the detection sensitivity of inhibitors. The percentage of extended time after incubation-P (1∶1 mixing>10.8% and 4∶1 mixing>13.5%) was better than the traditional criterion mentioned by"consensus"in determining whether the inhibitor was time-dependent. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of combined the 1∶1 and 4∶1 mixing study in differentiating factor deficiencies from inhibitors all attained more than 90%. Only 7% (3/43)of inhibitors were incorrectly classified into the factor deficiency group by the combination, which was 20.9% (9/43) by traditional criterion. The specificity for detecting time-dependent inhibitor was increased from 54.2% to 100%, and accuracy was increased from 63.3% to 97.4%.Conclusions:The combination of 1∶1 and 4∶1 mixing study can better resolve the "grey zone". The established clinical application pathway is beneficial for the further promotion and clinical application of APTT mixing study.
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Objective: To analyze the changes on gut microbiota and metabolic products in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: By searching the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, Wanfang, and CMB databases from the day of built up to December 2019, we screened related literature exploring the intestinal flora of chronic heart failure patients, and systematic review was performed to study changes in intestinal flora composition, function, and metabolites among chronic heart failure patients. Results: A total of 10 articles were included to study the gut microbiota of patients with chronic heart failure in this analysis. The systematic review showed significant changes in β-diversity in patients with heart failure. The abundance of faecalibacterium, blautia, bacteroides, prevotella and anaerostipes was decreased, while the abundance of streptococcus, escherichia/shigella, veillonella, and enterobacte was increased. The increased microbial gene function in patients with heart failure included tryptophan metabolism, lipid metabolism, LPS synthesis,and so on, especially, bacterial genes related to trimethylamine oxide production increased significantly, while genes related to key enzymes producing the beneficial metabolite butyrate decreased significantly, and harmful metabolite trimethylamine oxide levels increased in chronic heart failure patients. Conclusion: There are significant changes in the structure, function and metabolites of intestinal flora in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Humans , Chronic Disease , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Heart FailureABSTRACT
Herein, we found that serum concentration of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was significantly reduced inchildren with mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection. To study the roles of SOD3 in inflammatory regulationof MP infection, human A549 type II alveolar epithelial cells were stimulated with 107 CCU/ml of MP to buildMP infection in vitro. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the inflammatory responseof A549 cells. Levofloxacin (LVFX) was used as an anti-inflammatory drug while recombinant TNF-a wasused as an inflammatory promotor in MP-infected cells. Transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-rB wasassessed by detecting protein levels of nuclear NF-rB and cytoplasm NF-rB using Western blot analysis. Ourdata suggested that the expression of SOD3 mRNA and protein, as well as content of SOD3 in culturedsupernatant, were time-dependently inhibited in MP-infected A549 cells. However, lentiviruses-mediatedSOD3 overexpression alleviated inflammatory response of MP-infected A549 cells, and prevented the uncleartranslocation of NF-rB, as evidenced by obviously reducing the production of IL-8 and TNF-a in cell culturedsupernatant, as well as decreasing nuclear NF-rB while increasing cytoplasm NF-rB. Inspiringly, SOD3overexpression induced anti-inflammatory effect and the inactivation of NF-rB was similar to that of 2 lg/mlof LVFX, but reversed by additional TNF-a treatment. Therefore, we can conclude that transcriptional activityof NF-jB was the underlying mechanism, by which SOD3 regulated inflammatory response in MP infectionin vitro
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on allergic rhinitis and its influence on the patients' quality of life. Method Seventy-two patients with allergic rhinitis were allocated, according to different protocols, to control and observation groups, 36 cases each. The control group received conventional Western drug treatment and the observation group, acupuncture and moxibustion. Both groups were treated for three consecutive months. The effects were evaluated after the completion of treatment. VCAM-1, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF. The clinical therapeutic effects and the influences on the patients' quality of life were compared between the two groups. Result The total efficacy rate was 97.2％ in the observation group, which was higher than 86.1％ in the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant pre-treatment differences in VCAM-1, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, VCAM-1, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels decreased in both observation and control groups compared with before (P<0.05) and were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment and independent ability scores increased in both observation and control groups compared with before (P<0.05) and were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture and moxibustion has a definite therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis. It can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors and improve the patients' quality of life.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrupintegrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on infantile cough.Methods Selected 200 cases of patients with cough who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,divided into two groups randomly,100 cases in observation group,100 cases in control group.The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup,the control group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of the patients after treatment,recorded the time of cough and the disappearance of cough,and to determine the effect of treatment.The lung function indexes of the two groups were detected:peak expiratory flow,forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second,maximal expiratory flow rate of 50％ vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate of 25％ vital capacity.All the patients were followed up for 6 months by telephone or clinic,the recurrence rate of the two groups was observed,and the number of children with asthma were recorded.Results The time of cough and the disappearance time of cough in observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the total effective rate of observation group was 93.00％ (93/100),significantly higher than that of the control group 74.00％ (74/100) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,expiratory flow peak,forced vital capacity,one second forced expiratory volume,vital capacity 50％ of maximum expiratory flow and 25％ of vital capacity maximal expiratory flow of two groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the control group had 22 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 22.00％;the observation group had 6 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6.00％,the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the control group had 14 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 14％;the observation group had 2 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 2％,the change rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup has better curative effect on infantile cough,can effectively improve children's lung function,reduce the rate of recurrence and change of asthma,which has high clinical application value.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrupintegrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on infantile cough.Methods Selected 200 cases of patients with cough who were treated in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2015,divided into two groups randomly,100 cases in observation group,100 cases in control group.The observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup,the control group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of the patients after treatment,recorded the time of cough and the disappearance of cough,and to determine the effect of treatment.The lung function indexes of the two groups were detected:peak expiratory flow,forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second,maximal expiratory flow rate of 50％ vital capacity and maximal expiratory flow rate of 25％ vital capacity.All the patients were followed up for 6 months by telephone or clinic,the recurrence rate of the two groups was observed,and the number of children with asthma were recorded.Results The time of cough and the disappearance time of cough in observation group were significantly shorter than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the total effective rate of observation group was 93.00％ (93/100),significantly higher than that of the control group 74.00％ (74/100) (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,expiratory flow peak,forced vital capacity,one second forced expiratory volume,vital capacity 50％ of maximum expiratory flow and 25％ of vital capacity maximal expiratory flow of two groups were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05) and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group (P ＜0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the control group had 22 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 22.00％;the observation group had 6 cases of recurrence,the recurrence rate was 6.00％,the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the control group had 14 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 14％;the observation group had 2 cases of children with asthma,the change rate was 2％,the change rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride combined with cough syrup has better curative effect on infantile cough,can effectively improve children's lung function,reduce the rate of recurrence and change of asthma,which has high clinical application value.
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Direct-PCR technology was using a 15 minutes heat-lysis step instead of DNA extraction to get DNA templates with small amount of plant materials followed by sensitive PCR process to amplify target genes. In order to facilitate DNA barcoding in medicinal herb identification with Direct-PCR, we collected different tissues from 80 medicinal plants as material to amplify the ITS fragments. Through optimizing the PCR reaction, ITS of 80 plant samples was all successfully amplified. PCR products were sequenced and to do Blast analysis. These results suggest that Direct-PCR would improve the efficiency of DNA barcoding in the application of medicinal herb molecular authentication.
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BACKGROUND: The artificial supported lipid bilayer membrane is the most similar in vitro biomimetic model of the cell membrane. The artificial high-quality lipid bilayer membrane will provide a critical tool for the study of the microstructure of biological membranes, cell signal transduction, biofilm sensors and drug carriers.OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal preparation conditions of the lipid bilayer membrane with uniform surface and high mobility and its detection indexes.METHODS: By thin film extrusion, liposomes were filtrated 10 times through the filter membrane with the pore diameter of 0.1 and 0.2 μm respectively, with the unfiltered sample as control. The root mean squared roughness of lipid bilayer membrane was detected by atomic force microscopy to explore the optimal pore diameter of the filter membrane for preparation of the lipid bilayer membrane with high uniformity. 160 μL egg-PC (10 g/L) and 5, 10 or 25 μL NBD-PC were mixed separately. The mobility of lipid bilayer membrane was detected by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to explore the optimal proportion of egg-PC and NBD-PC.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of atomic force microscopy showed that the lipid bilayer membrane through the 0.1 μm filter membrane had the highest degree of uniformity (P <0.01), with the root mean squared roughness of(0.432±0.181) nm. By using the filter membrane whose pore diameter was greater than 0.1 μm, the surface uniformity of the lipid bilayer membrane was poor and there were more liposome vesicles on the surface. The FRAP results showed that the lipid bilayer membrane through the 0.1 μm filter membrane had a higher degree of fluorescence recovery. When 160 μL egg-PC (10 g/L) and 10 μL NBD-PC were mixed and filtrated through the 0.1 μm filter membrane, the degree of fluorescence recovery of the lipid bilayer membrane reached 90% and the diffusion coefficient was greater than 1 μm2/s which met the standard of high-quality lipid bilayer membrane. These results suggested the optimum ratio of egg-PC to NBD-PC and the optimum filter membrane pore size for preparation of the lipid bilayer membrane by thin film extrusion.
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Objective Cold knife conization combined with frozen section were usually used in assessing the severity of the disease and the scope of the operation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia class Ⅲ (CIN Ⅲ) patients before the total hysterectomy.In this study,LEEP biopsy combined with frozen section was used for preoperative assessment in CIN Ⅲ patients.The clinical value of this approach in assessing disease severity and operation scope before total hysterectomy will be analyzed.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of colposcopy biopsy,LEEP biopsy frozen sections,paraffin sections and postoperative residual cervix pathological biopsy in 168 cases with CIN Ⅲ admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012.Results LEEP biopsy combined with frozen sections showed that 64.88％ (109/168) results of frozen section were consistent with the results of cervical colposcopy biopsy,22.02％ (37/168) were degraded and 13.09％ (22/168) were upgraded to microfocal invasive cancer or invasive cancer.The pathological results of paraffin section showed that 109 cases(64.88％) of CIN Ⅲ lever,33 cases (19.6％) of inflammatory and CIN Ⅰ-H,26 cases (15.4％) of micro invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma were consistent with the results of cervical colposcopy biopsy.The accuracy of LEEP frozen biopsy was 95.2％ (κ=0).Among the 146 residual cervixs of CIN Ⅲ patients diagnosised by LEEP biopsy,51.3 ％ (75/146) had pathological changes.Comparison of cervical col poscopy biopsy and final diagnosis,26 cases of invasive cancer were missed diagnosis by cervical colposcopy biopsy.Conclusion LEEP biopsy combined with frozen section can provide a quick and accurate assessment before cystectomy in CIN Ⅲ patients.It is feasible to determine the surgical range according to frozen section biopsy.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical biological characteristics of EVI1 positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its effect on early chemotherapy.Methods:The clinical and biological characteristics of 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were retrospectively analyzed in 361 AML patients who were diagnosed and treated in our institute from March 2015 to July 2016,and the clinical and biological features,and rates of the induced remission were compared between the intermediate risk and poor risk with EVI1 positive AML,moreover,the influential factors on complete remission (CR) were analyzed.The expression of EVI1/ABL was tested in 32 healthy donors to confirm the abnormal threshold of EVI1 expression.Results:The definition of EVI1 positive was that the quantitative expression of EVI1/ABL was more than 8.0％.The 33 AML patients with EVI1 positive were found in 361 newly diagnosed AML patients,in which the female and male patients were 17 and 16 respectively,the median age was 45 (18-67) years,with a median follow-up of 6.6 (0.7-13.2) months.Intermediate karyotype was found in 17 patients (including 9 patients with normal karyotypes,1 patient with + 8);unfavorable karyotype was found in 14 patients [including 7 patients with-7/7q-,4 patients with t (v;11q23),3 patients with inv (3)/t (3;3),and 2 patients without mitotic figures].The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy was 42.4％,and the rate of total CR was 60.6％.According to the NCCN,16 intermediate risk patients and poor risk patients were divided,without favorable risk patients.The rate of CR in the first induction chemotherapy were 68.8％ and 17.6％ (P =0.005) in the intermediate risk and poor risk respectively,that of total CR were 81.3％ and 41.2％ (P =0.032),and the rates of relapse were 7.7％ and 14.3％.Univariable analysis revealed that unfavorable karyotype could affect the rate of CR in the first reduction chemotherapy and that of total CR (P =0.004,0.029).The poor risk patients had higher mortality (41.2％ vs.6.3％,P =0.039) and lower overall survival (OS) (P =0.012).Conclusion:EVI1 may be not an independent prognostic factor for the AML patients considering the appearance in the intermediate and poor risk patients.It predicts poor outcome in the EVI1 positive AML patients who have unfavorable karyocytes,such as-7/7q-,t (v;11 q23),and inv (3)/t (3;3),and also a low rate of both CR in the first induction chemotherapy and total CR.It also has a low rate of long-term survival and high mortality in the AML patients with EVI1 positive,who may benefit from allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as soon as possible.
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To establish induction and liquid culture system for hairy roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4, LBA9402, 15834 as test bacterium were used to infect aseptic leaves of Danshen. The hairy roots were induced and positive transgenic hairy roots were selected with PCR using rolB and rolC as the target gene. Then hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were harvested and salvianolic acids were extracted with 70% methanol containing 1% formic acid. The content of salvianolic acid B (SalB) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were determined by HPLC. According to the above research results, the Danshen hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 were inoculated into the following group of culture media: MSOH, MS, B5, and 6,7-V liquid media. Then the same methods of extraction and determination for the content of Danshen hairy roots were adopted. Last, the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 were inoculated into the MSOH liquid media with different pH values. The content of salvianolic acid were extracted with 70% methanol containing 1% formic acid and determined by HPLC. As a result, three kinds of A. rhizogenes A4, LBA9402, 15834 could induce hairy roots and Ri plasmids were integrated into the genome of S. miltiorrhiza by PCR. Danshen hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 and A4 produced much more salvianolic acid, which were (3.27 ± 0.37)% [including (1.04 ±0.36)% of RA and (2.22 ± 0.29)% of SalB] and (3.17 ± 0.20)% [including (0.92 ± 0.31)% of RA and (2.25 ± 0.26)% of SalB], respectively. Hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 when they were cultured in MSOH liquid media produced much more salvianolic acid, which was (4.56 ± 0.36)%, including (1.12 ± 0.26)% of RA and (3.44 ± 0.23)% of SalB. Hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 produced the most salvianolic acid when they were cultured in MSOH liquid media with the pH value 4.81, which was 4.85%, including 1.16% of RA and 3.69% of SalB. So Danshen hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes LBA9402 and A4 produced much more salvianolic acid when they were cultured in MSOH liquid media with the pH value 4.81. The research had established the foundation on genetic engineering to improve the quality of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Agrobacterium , Physiology , Benzofurans , Metabolism , Cell Culture Techniques , Methods , Cinnamates , Metabolism , Culture Media , Chemistry , Metabolism , Depsides , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Metabolism , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Metabolism , Microbiology , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Chemistry , Metabolism , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Early onset severe preeclampsia is a specific type of severe preeclampsia, which causes high morbidity and mortality of both mothers and fetus. This study aimed to investigate the clinical definition, features, treatment, outcome and risk factors of early onset severe preeclampsia in Chinese women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and thirteen women with severe preeclampsia from June 2006 to June 2009 were divided into three groups according to the gestational age at the onset of preeclampsia as follows: group A (less than 32 weeks, 73 cases), group B (between 32 and 34 weeks, 71 cases), and group C (greater than 34 weeks, 269 cases). The demographic characteristics of the subjects, complications, delivery modes and outcome of pregnancy were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The systolic blood pressure at admission and the incidence of severe complications were significantly lower in group C than those in groups A and B, prolonged gestational weeks and days of hospitalization were significantly shorter in group C than those in groups A and B. Liver and kidney dysfunction, pleural and peritoneal effusion, placental abruption and postpartum hemorrhage were more likely to occur in group A compared with the other two groups. Twenty-four-hour urine protein levels at admission, intrauterine fetal death and days of hospitalization were risk factors that affected complications of severe preeclampsia. Gestational week at admission and delivery week were also risk factors that affected perinatal outcome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early onset severe preeclampsia should be defined as occurring before 34 weeks, and it is featured by more maternal complications and a worse perinatal prognosis compared with that defined as occurring after 34 weeks. Independent risk factors should be used to tailor the optimized individual treatment plan, to balance both maternal and neonatal safety.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cardiovascular Diseases , Epidemiology , Fetal Death , Gestational Age , Pre-Eclampsia , Epidemiology , Mortality , Pregnancy Complications , Epidemiology , Mortality , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) hairy roots were obtained by infecting Danshen leaves with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 9402. Besides rosmarinic acid (RA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), the hairy root could also produce salvianolic acid K (SAK), salvianolic acid L, ethyl salvianolic acid B (ESAB), methyl salvianolic acid B (MSAB), and a compound with a molecular weight of 538 (compound 538) identified by using LC-MS. Effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast elicitor (YE) on the accumulation of these compounds had been investigated. MeJA increased the accumulation of SAB, RA, SAK, and compound 538 from 4.21%, 2.48%, 0.29%, and 0.01% of dry weight to 7.11%, 3.38%, 0.68%, and 0.04%, respectively. YE stimulated the biosynthesis of RA from 2.83% to 5.71%, but depressed the synthesis of SAB, SAK and compound 538. It was indicated in all the results that these Danshen hairy roots could be used as alternative resources to produce salvianolic acids. Analysis of the content variation of these compounds after elicitation suggested that SAK and compound 538 might be the intermediates in the biosynthesis from RA to SAB in Danshen hairy roots.
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Acetates , Pharmacology , Alkenes , Benzofurans , Cinnamates , Cyclopentanes , Pharmacology , Depsides , Oxylipins , Pharmacology , Phenylpropionates , Plant Growth Regulators , Pharmacology , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Polyphenols , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Chemistry , Yeasts , ChemistryABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to screen and analyze the genotypes of thalassemia of the residences in Sichuan Province. The phenotypes of thalassemia was screened by hemoglobin electrophoresis, and the genotypes of the phenotype positive cases was analyzed. There were 69 alpha-thal and 115 beta-thal phenotype positive cases in 3185 subjects. A total of 157 cases were diagnosed as thalassemia. These included 53 alpha-thal, 102 beta-thal and 2 alpha/beta-thal cases. The positive rates were 1.66%, 3.20%, 0.06%, respectively. It can be seen that Sichuan is one of the provinces with a high incidence of thalassemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is an important method for thalassemia screening, and GAP-PCR and PCR-RDB technology for thalassemia genotype analysis. A combination of both enables a wide range of screening and diagnosis of thalassemia.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , China , Epidemiology , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Mass Screening , Prevalence , alpha-Thalassemia , Epidemiology , Genetics , beta-Thalassemia , Epidemiology , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To assess the adherence,immunologic and survival responses in HIV-infected patients receiving free antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods All adult HIV-infected patients in Wenxi county who started antiretroviral treatment (ART) between 01 July 2001 and 31 December 2006 and aged above 18 years were included in this study. Epidemiological survey and laboratory tests were performed before,0.5 months after, 1 months after, 2 months after and every 3 months after initiation of ART to recognize the adherence, efficacy (CD4+ T cell counts) and survival to the regimens. Results The median follow-up time period was 16.5 months (Interquartile: 15.5-20.8 months). At baseline, the median of CD4+ T cell counts were 154 cells/μl (Interquartile: 81-212 cells/μl). Treatment was effective in most of the patients, the CD4+ T cell count of patients increased after the initiation of ART. The maximum increase was recorded at month 3, from the median of 154 cells/μl to 220 cells/μl (P<0.001) ,and thereafter the count remained stable. When comparing with patients with baseline CD4+ T cell count≥100 cells/μl, those with baseline CD4+ T cell count < 100 cells/μl showed a higher mean increase in the first three months of treatment. The cumulative probability rates of remaining alive were 0.94,0.88 and 0.87 at 3,12,24 months, respectively. In multivariate Cox's proportional hazard models, after adjustment for the type ofinitial regimens (NVP vs. EFV/IDV), CD4+T cell count of less than 50 cells/μl (vs. 50 cells/μl or more) was strongly associated with death hazard ratio 0.21 (95% CI:0.06-0.68). Conclusion Our data showed that ART was effective for improving immunologic response of adult patients with HIV/AIDS. CD4+ T cell count at initiation was associated with survival time in patients starting ART,suggesting that monitoring of CD4+ T count should be strengthened to early initiate antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute cerebral inflammatory damage and the therapeutic effect of ginkgolide B (BN52021).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10 for each group): Control group, Model group and Treatment group (treated with BN52021). LPS were injected into the fourth ventricle of rat to make a neuroinflammatory murine model. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory ability of rats; changes of synapse number and subcellular ultrastructures were observed under a transmission electron microscope; OX-42 positive microglia in the brain was detected by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average escape latency in the Treatment group were significantly shortened than that in the Model group; and the percentage of swimming distance traveled in platform quadrant accounting for total distance increased markedly. The rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes in the Treatment group were more than that in the Model group, but the number of synapses seemed to have no obvious change. The number of OX-42 positive microglia in the Treatment group decreased markedly than that in the Model group, and the grey density of OX-42-positive cells increased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LPS can induce inflammatory damages to the brain, but the damage could be antagonized by BN52021. Platelet activating factor receptor antagonist may offer an effective therapy for neurodegeneration diseases.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Behavior, Animal , Brain Diseases , Pathology , Fibrinolytic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Ginkgolides , Therapeutic Uses , Hippocampus , Immunohistochemistry , Inflammation , Pathology , Lactones , Therapeutic Uses , Lipopolysaccharides , Toxicity , Maze Learning , Microglia , Metabolism , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Neurons , Platelet Activating Factor , Metabolism , Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, G-Protein-CoupledABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the nerve system of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DM rats were induced by injecting streptozotocin and erectile function test was done by injecting apomorphine (APO) at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. Then the brain, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate were taken from the diabetic and normal rats of the same age. The BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers were shown by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The number and the grey density of BDNF positive cells and fibers were detected by image analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the erection frequency of the DM rats decreased at 2 months (P <0. 05) , and significantly at 3 and 4 months (P > 0.01) , and the BDNF positive neurons and nerve fibers in the cerebral cortex, lumbosacral spinal cord, thoracic and lumbar sympathetic trunks, penis and prostate of 1-month DM rats were reduced (P <0. 05). As time went on, BDNF declined progressively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BDNF decreases in the central and peripheral nerve system in the early stage of diabetes mellitus, wich is closely correlated with diabetic ED.</p>