Research advances in role of angiogenesis in diabetic ulcer and traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic ulcer(DU) is one of the common complications of diabetes often occurring in the peripheral blood vessels of lower limbs or feet with a certain degree of damage. It has high morbidity and mortality, a long treatment cycle, and high cost. DU is often clinically manifested as skin ulcers or infections in the lower limbs or feet. In severe cases, it can ulcerate to the surface of tendons, bones or joint capsules, and even bone marrow. Without timely and correct treatment, most of the patients will have ulceration and blackening of the extremities. These patients will not be able to preserve the affected limbs through conservative treatment, and amputation must be performed. The etiology and pathogenesis of DU patients with the above condition are complex, which involves blood circulation interruption of DU wound, poor nutrition supply, and failure in discharge of metabolic waste. Relevant studies have also confirmed that promoting DU wound angiogenesis and restoring blood supply can effectively delay the occurrence and development of wound ulcers and provide nutritional support for wound healing, which is of great significance in the treatment of DU. There are many factors related to angiogenesis, including pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors. The dynamic balance between them plays a key role in angiogenesis. Meanwhile, previous studies have also confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine can enhance pro-angiogenic factors and down-regulate anti-angiogenic factors to promote angiogenesis. In addition, many experts and scholars have proposed that traditional Chinese medicine regulation of DU wound angiogenesis in the treatment of DU has broad prospects. Therefore, by consulting a large number of studies available, this paper expounded on the role of angiogenesis in DU wound and summarized the research advance in traditional Chinese medicine intervention in promoting the expression of angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), and angiopoietin(Ang)] which played a major role in promoting wound angiogenesis in the treatment of DU to provide ideas for further research and new methods for clinical treatment of DU.

Research progress in role of autophagy in diabetic wound healing and traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic ulcer(DU) is a chronic and refractory ulcer which often occurs in the foot or lower limbs. It is a diabetic complication with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of DU is complex, and the therapies(such as debridement, flap transplantation, and application of antibiotics) are also complex and have long cycles. DU patients suffer from great economic and psychological pressure while enduring pain. Therefore, it is particularly important to promote rapid wound healing, reduce disability and mortality, protect limb function, and improve the quality of life of DU patients. By reviewing the relevant literatures, we have found that autophagy can remove DU wound pathogens, reduce wound inflammation, and accelerate ulcer wound healing and tissue repair. The main autophagy-related factors microtubule-binding light chain protein 3(LC3), autophagy-specific gene Beclin-1, and ubiquitin-binding protein p62 mediate autophagy. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of DU mitigates clinical symptoms, accelerates ulcer wound healing, reduces ulcer recurrence, and delays further deterioration of DU. Furthermore, under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and treatment and the overall concept, TCM treatment harmonizes yin and yang, ameliorates TCM syndrome, and treats underlying diseases, thereby curing DU from the root. Therefore, this article reviews the role of autophagy and major related factors LC3, Beclin-1, and p62 in the healing of DU wounds and the intervention of TCM, aiming to provide reference for the clinical treatment of DU wounds and subsequent in-depth studies.

Metabolomics Analysis of Codonopsis pilosula Under Drought Stress Based on LC-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The biological mechanism of <italic>Codonopsis pilosula</italic> adaptation to drought was explored by determining the root metabolome of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> during harvesting. Method:Non-targeted metabonomics LC-MS was used to screen differential metabolites by multivariate statistical analysis，univariate statistical analysis and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. Result:①There were 274 metabolites in LD vs CK group，142 of which were up-regulated and 132 of which were down-regulated. There were 284 metabolites with significant difference in MD vs CK group，of which 157 were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated. There were 317 metabolites with significant difference in SD vs CK group，of which 133 were up-regulated and 184 were down-regulated. ②Differential metabolites were annotated into kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes （KEGG） database and 82 differential metabolic pathways were obtained，among which sphingolipids metabolism was significantly enriched （<italic>P</italic><0.01）.Metabolism of arginine and proline，tryptophan，alanine，galactose，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide，cysteine and methionine，arachidonic acid，linolenic acid and glycerides were significantly enriched in different metabolite pathways （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. ③The metabolites of the three comparison groups before and after enrichment were classified and analyzed. It was found that they were mainly concentrated in fatty acyls group，carboxylic acid and derivatives，and organ oxygen compounds，followed by sphingolipids，indoles and derivatives，organonitrogen compounds，glycerophospholipids，pyridines and derivatives，peptidomimetics，glycerolipids and so on.In the drought stress of <italic>C. codonopsis</italic>，carbohydrate related metabolites were mainly up-regulated，lipid related metabolites were mainly down-regulated，and all other metabolites were up-regulated. Conclusion:The changes of metabolites in the roots of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> under drought stress were elucidated. carbohydrate and lipid-related metabolites were the main products of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> under drought stress，and these metabolites may be the main reason to improve the ability of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> to resist drought，which laid a foundation for further study on the mechanism of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> to resist drought.