ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the extraction process of main iridoid glycosides in Damnacanthus officinarum Huang and evaluate the antioxidant activity of Damnacanthus officinarum Huang in vitro. Methods The classical heating-reflux extraction method was selected. The volume fraction of ethanol, the volume of solvent and extraction time were taken as the evaluation factors. The comprehensive score of extraction yield and the monotropein content were used as the evaluation indexes. An orthogonal test was designed to select the best extraction conditions. The total reducing capacity, DPPH clearance rate and hydroxyl radical scavenging rate were measured to determine its antioxidant activity in vitro. Results The optimal extraction process was the reflux with 6 times volume of 60% ethanol for 2 hours. Damnacanthus officinarum Huang has certain antioxidant capacity, and the activity of ethyl acetate part had the best effect. Conclusion The optimized extraction process is stable and feasible, which can be used for extraction of the iridoid glycosides from Damnacanthus officinarum Huang. This study has proved that Damnacanthus officinarum Huang has certain antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the feasibility of multiple model parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in differential diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and its pathological types.Methods IVIM images of 33 patients with cervical cancer (cervical cancer group) and 30 patients with normal cervix (normal group) were retrospectively analyzed.The monoexponential model parameters (ADC-stand),biexponential model parameters (ADC-slow,ADC-fast,f) and stretched-exponential model values (distributed diffusion coefficient [DDC],α) were measured,respectively.Then the parameters were compared among the two groups,as well as among different pathological types and different pathological grades of cervical cancer.The thresholds and diagnostic efficiency of the parameter values were evaluated with ROC curve.Results ADC-stand,ADC-slow,f,DDC and α values of cervical cancer group were lower than those of normal group (all P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of ADC-stand,ADC-slow,DDC,f and a values in diagnosis of cervical cancer was 0.93,0.94,0.96,0.94 and 0.93 (all P＜0.05),and the diagnostic thresholds were 1.03 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.99 × 10-3mm2/s,30.50％,1.21 × 10-3 mm2/s and 0.699,respectively.ADC-stand,ADC-slow and DDC values in cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients were lower than those of cervical adenocarcinoma patients (all P＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve of ADC-stand,ADC-slow and DDC values in differential diagnosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma was 0.98,0.91 and 0.98 (all P＜0.05),the diagnostic thresholds were 1.11 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.81×10-3 mm2/s and 0.98 × 10-3 mm2/s,respectively.There was no significant difference of the parameters among high,moderate,low differentiation of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion Multiple model parameters of IVIM can quantitatively reflect the histological features of cervical cancer.