Response of Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha and Histone Deacetylase 2 to Glucocorticoid Treatment Predicts the Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

OBJECTIVES: To investigate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) gene expression and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with severe or profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and to explore the roles of GRs and HDAC2 in glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity. METHODS: Fifty-five severe or profound SSNHL patients were enrolled in the study. According to hearing improvement after GC treatment, patients were assigned into two groups: GC-sensitive and GC-resistant. A normal reference group included 20 healthy volunteers without hearing loss. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to detect the relative expression of GRα, GRβ, and HDAC2 in PBMCs at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: The protein levels of GRs and HDAC2 in PBMCs of SSNHL patients were lower than the normal reference values before GC treatment. Compared with the GC-resistant group, both the mRNA and protein levels of GRα and HDAC2 were significantly increased in the GC-sensitive group after GC treatment. CONCLUSION: A lack of GRα and HDAC2 induction following steroid treatment in GC-resistant SSNHL patients may play a fundamental mechanistic role in GC insensitivity. Response of GRα and HDAC2 to steroid treatment may, thus, predict the prognosis of hearing improvement in SSNHL patients.

Study on the Chemical Constituents in the Chloroform Extract of Fructus Canarii / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical constituents in the chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii. METHODS:The chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii was isolated and purified by MCI,Toyopearl HW-40F,reverse-phase C18,Sephadex LH-20 column. The structure of compounds was analyzed and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data(mass spectrum, hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum). RESULTS:Eight compounds were isolated from chloroform extract of Fructus Canarii, namely Dihydrophaseicacid-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid(2),3-O-galloylquinic acid(3),Gallic acid (4), Ethyl gallate(5), Scopoletin(6), Dllagic acid-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(7) and Isocorilagin(8). CONCLUSIONS:Compounds 1,2 and 7 were firstly obtained from Fructus Canarii. The study lays foundation for quality evaluation of Fructus Canarii.

Experimental Studies on the Effects of the Tympanic Membrane Perforation on Middle Ear Transmission / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of different location perfora-tions on the middle ear transfer functions by measuring the velocity and pattern of the tympanic membrane vibration in guinea pigs with intact and perforated TM .Methods A laser Doppler vibrometer was used to measure the sound transmission properties on the movement of the tympanic membrane on 6 fresh temporal bones of guinea pigs in the frequency range of 0 .5~8 kHz at 90 dB SPL .The velocity was measured at three points on the manubrium before and after a different location perforation was made with a 20-gauge needle(1 .1 mm diameter) .The locations of the perforations were in anterior -inferior quadrants of left ears and in posterior -inferior quadrants of right ears .And the velocity was measured from 6 poins with the intact tympanic membrane .Results The highest velocities were re-corded at the site of inferior umbo throughout the frequency range .The manubrium vibration velocity losses were noted in the perforated ears below 1 .5 kHz ,the velocity losses were smaller above 1 .5 kHz ,and the maximum ve-locity loss was about 7 dB at 500 Hz with the posterior -inferior quadrant perforation .Although there was a trend for anterior-inferior perforations to show a slighter loss than posterior -inferior perforations in velocity below 1 .5 kHz ,no statistical differences in velocity loss were found between different perforations .The average ratio of short process velocity to umbo velocity at all frequencies was approximately 0 .5 ,and the ratios were found no systematic differences before and after perforation at almost all frequencies from different perforations .Conclusion The manu-brium vibration velocity losses from TM perforation are frequency -dependent and the largest losses occur at the lowest sound frequencies .Different sites of small perforation have not any important effects on middle ear sound transmission .

The therapeutic effect of antireflux medicine combined with positive airways pressure on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome with gastroesophageal reflux / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effect of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (nCPAP) combined with antireflux medicine on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with gastroesophageal reflux (GER).@*METHOD@#Sixty patients with moderate to severe OSAHS with GER were simultaneously received PSG and esophageal pH monitoring and randomly divided into control group and treatment group with each group 30 patients. The control group were simply received nCPAP for every night. The treatment group were received the same treatment and combined antireflux medicine, with esomeprazole 40 mg/d and mosapride citrate 5 mg, 3 times a day,oral. Both the groups symptomatic status of OSAHS and GER were observed on the third day and the 14th day during therapy, and then the same tests above were repeated on the 14th day.@*RESULT@#Compared with the control group, the symptomatic improvement rate of OSAHS on the third day and 14th day during therapy,the symptomatic improvement rate of GER on the third day during therapy were increased with statistical significance in the treatment group (P0.05). Compared with those of the control group on the 14th therapeutic night, AHI, LSaO2, the percentage of time with pH0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#nCPAP is the most effective method for patients suffering OSAHS associated with GER, but nCPAP used in conjunction with anti-reflux drugs do not improve efficacy.

The changes of serumal eosinophil cationic protein of patients with allergic rhinitis with specific immunotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To approach therapeutic effect and mechanism of specific immunotherapy (SIT) by observing the changes of serumal eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) of allergic rhinitis patients.@*METHOD@#Fifty-two patients with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in our research. Thirty-two were randomly divided into SIT group, and twenty were randomly divided into control group. SIT group were treated by sublingual administration of allergen (SLIT), and control group were treated by nasal spray of budesonide. Serumal ECP was measured before and after treatment.@*RESULT@#The levels of serumal ECP were respectively (26.2 +/- 5.9) microg/L and (27.4 +/- 6.3) microg/L in both groups of control group and treatment group before treatment. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the two group. The levels after treatment were respectively (18.3 +/- 3.4) microg/L and (23.2 +/- 3.7) microg/L and significant difference was found in the two group (P < 0.01). The levels of serumal ECP were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (SLIT group P < 0.01, control group P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#SIT could cut down effectively the levels of serumal ECP with reducing the eosinophil granulocyte aggregation and activation.

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for the therapeutic outcomes of laryngeal cancer / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the therapeutic effect of supracricoid partial laryngectomy(SCPL).@*METHOD@#A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 patients undergoing laryngeal carcinoma (including 5 senile patients). In those patients, 14 were glottic cancer, 9 were supraglottic cancer,and 1 were transglottic cancer. Fourteen cases underwent cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, and 10 cases treated with cricohyoidopexy.@*RESULT@#In this study, 3 years and 5 years survival rates were 91.7% and 78.6%. The decannulation rate was 91.7%. All the patients resumed physiologic swallowing.@*CONCLUSION@#Supracricoid partial laryngectomy for selected laryngeal cancer is feasible, and also for senile patients. The patients can gain satisfied survival rate and physiologic function.

Surgical treatment and prognosis of left obstructive colorectal carcinoma / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of surgical management and prognosis of left obstructive colorectal carcinoma.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 109 patients with acute left obstructive colorectal carcinoma treated by emergent operation in Xiangya Hospital from October 2000 to February 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All the 109 patients received operation. Of them, 66 patients received one stage tumor resection and intestinal anastomosis. Postoperative complication rate was 26.6%(29/109) and mortality rate was 0.9%(1/109). The postoperative 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 94.4%, 73.3%, and 43.2%, respectively. The 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates of patients receiving curative resection were 100.0%,93.6%, and 66.7%, respectively. With univariate analysis, radical resection, Dukes stage, tumor differentiation, and chemotherapy were found to be significant factors associating with the overall survival. With multivariate analysis, radical resection independently affected the overall survival.@*CONCLUSION@#One stage radical resection and anastomosis are feasible for left obstructive colorectal carcinoma. Appropriate choice of the operative procedure, skillful operative techniques, and prudential peri-operative treatment can enhance the curative effect and patients quality of life.

The experimental research about relationship between neuropeptides and mast cell in allergic rhinitis / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationship between neuropeptides and mast cell in the initiation and development of allergic rhinitis.@*METHOD@#Thirty healthy rats were randomly divided into three groups. The rat model of allergic rhinitis was established by using ovalbumin intraperitoneal immunization and nasal antigen challenge. After treating with capsaicin for two weeks, the counts of mast cells and the density of SP distribution were observed routinely in the nasal mucosa obtained from each models by HE, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining.@*RESULT@#The counts of mast cells in AR were greatly more than them in normal controls (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Capsaicin can decrease the infiltration of mast cells, down regulate the SP expression, and improve the symptoms of AR greatly.

Surgical management of obstructive colorectal carcinoma / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To exprole the effect of surgical management of obstructive colorectal carcinoma. Methods A restrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 76 cases of acute obstructive colorectal carcinoma treated by emergent operation in Xiangya Hospital from October 1997 to October 2002.Among the 76 cases,there were 23 cases of right colon obstruction and 53 cases of left colon or rectal obstruction. Results All the 76 patients received opreation , 55 patients received one stage tumor resection and large intestinal anastomosis, including 19 in right colon and 36 in left colon or rectal obstruetion.Postoperative complications rate was 15.7%(11/76) in this series,including anastomotic leakage in 2, disruption of wound in 1, infection of incisional wound in 6, and pneumonia in 2.Expect one patient died of MSOF,the others were curred by non-operation therapy.The postoperative 1,3,5year survival rate was 98.3%,55%,38.5% in this series.Conclusions One stage resection and anastomosis is a feasible operation for obstructive colorectal carcinoma.Appropriate choice of the operative procedure, skillful operative technique,and prudential perioperative treatment can enhance the cuerative effect and the patients quality of life.

Digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study the optimal procedure of digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy.Methods The clinical data of 122 patients who underwent total gastrectomy in the recent 6 years were(analyzed) retrospectively.Three types of reconstruction procedures,including Orr-type Roux-en-Y(esophagojejunostomy),P-type jejunal pouch Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy and distal jejunal aboral pouch Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy,were performed.Results There were no significant differences among the three procedures in heartburn and the amount of food intake,frequencies of meal,weight loss,dumping(syndrome),and hemoglobin and albumin levels.The operation time in P-type group was longer than the other two group(P