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Objective:To analyze and compare the X-ray procedures and radiation dose composition of ophthalmic inpatients, and to explore the changes of the X-ray examination mode in recent years and the effect of optimization in imaging technology on the radiation dose level of the patients.Methods:The simple random sampling method was used to retrospectively select the imaging data of the ophthalmic inpatients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 1st to November 31st in 2019 and from July 1st to November 31st in 2020. A total of 516 cases were selected according to the imaging time, including 258 cases in 2019 and 258 cases in 2020. Based on our previous research and the related documents of low-dose CT screening, a series of optimizations on CT scanning parameters and process were carried out in 2020, including the frequency of DR and CT scanning, the number of examinations per capita, the composition ratio of CT and DR, and X-ray dose per capita.Results:In 2020, the average effective doses of chest CT and orbital CT for ophthalmic inpatients were (2.587±1.586) mSv and (0.877±0.733) mSv, significantly lower than those in 2019 ( F=0.52, 0.72, P<0.05), and decreased by 34.82% and 37.13%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average effective dose of chest DR and head CT between 2020 and 2019 ( F=6.01, 1.81, P>0.05). The number of X-ray examination per capita increased by 0.15 times, and the effective dose increased by 1.44 times (1.589 mSv). Chest DR was the main type of X-ray examination, accounting for 68.79% of all examinations in 2019, while chest CT was the main type, accounting for 71.05% in 2020. The composition of chest CT in 2020 increased by 63.17% compared with 2019, and the compositions of chest DR, orbital CT and cranial CT were decreased by 53.88%, 5.79% and 2.89%, respectively. Conclusions:With dose optimization measures, the single CT dose of ophthalmic inpatients in 2020 was lower than that in 2019. Chest CT increased significantly in frequency, and became main X-ray examination instead of chest DR which made the effective dose of ophthalmic inpatients increasing significantly.
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Objective:To understand the pathogen infection and epidemiological characteristics of children with diarrhea in Tianjin.Methods:Stool samples from 1 466 children with diarrhea in Tianjin Children's Hospital from August 2017 to July 2018 were collected, and all samples were tested for five intestinal-related pathogens (norovirus, rotavirus, Clostridium difficile toxin, adenovirus, and astrovirus). Results:Among the 1 466 samples, 627 samples were positive for nucleic acid detection of intestinal pathogens, with a positive rate of 42.8%. The detection rate of norovirus was the highest (26.3%), followed by rotavirus (15.3%), Clostridium difficile toxin (4.6%), adenovirus (4.1%), and astrovirus (1.84%). The infection has obvious seasonality. The positive detection rates of the five pathogens were similar among children of different sexes, and only the positive detection rates of norovirus and rotavirus were statistically significant among different ages ( P<0.05). There were 110 cases of mixed infection, and the mixed infection of norovirus and rotavirus was the most common, with a total of 37 cases. Conclusions:The pathogen spectrum of infant infectious diarrhea in Tianjin is complex and diverse, and the main pathogens are norovirus and rotavirus.
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Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection in hospitalized children in Tianjin and investigate the clinical impact of HRV infections.Methods:From July 2017 to December 2019, 2 945 nasopharyngeal secretion specimens were screened for HRV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). VP4/VP2 sequences of HRV were further characterized. The clinical characteristics of the HRV infection were analyzed. The detection results of HRV for different groups and different months were compared using SPSS 19.0.Results:HRV-positive specimens accounted for 8.15% (240/2 945), of which 74.78% (86/115) were diagnosed with pneumonia, 40.83%(98/240) had co-infections with other common pathogens. HRV infections could be detected throughout the year with peaks in spring (11.00%, 66/660) and autumn (9.29%, 81/872). The positive rate of HRV was 4.14%(29/700) in winter. By VP4/VP2 sequence analysis, HRV-A was the most frequently detected strain(50.00%, 78/156), followed by HRV-C (41.67%, 65/156).46.15% (30/65) of HRV-C infections occurred in October and November. There were several different HRV-A types and HRV-C types. The most commonly detected HRV-A types were A12(11.54%, 9/78), A49(6.41%, 5/78), A22, A101, and A66(5.13%, 4/78), etc. The most common HRV-C types were C2(20.00%, 13/65), C22(9.23%, 6/65), C26, C43, C54 and C53(4.62%,3/65). Patients with HRV-A infections are more likely to show fever symptoms than HRV-C (χ2=5.411, P<0.05). No significant difference in other symptoms were found between the two types. Conclusions:HRV was a commonly detected virus among infants and had a clear seasonal distribution. It′s also possible for the HRV patients to have co-infections with other pathogens.HRV showed high genetic diversity.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae( Mp) genotypes and subtypes in children in Tianjin. Methods:Children with pneumonia admitted to Tianjin Children′s Hospital from December 2017 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The positive samples were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Mp culture. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) and multiple variable number tandem repeats were used for genotyping. Detailed clinical and laboratory data were collected for all cases. Results:The results of RFLP showed that there were 138 cases (78.9%) of typeⅠand 37 cases (21.1%) of type Ⅱ; 37 cases of type M3-5-6-2, including six subtypes B, G, M, S, V and Y; 138 cases of M4-5-7-2 were detected, including seven subtypes of E, J, P, U, X, Z and a. In M3-5-6-2 type, there were 1 case of P1-Ⅰtype (2.7%), 36 cases of P1-Ⅱtype (97.3%), 137 cases of P1-Ⅰ type (99.2%) and 1 case of P1-Ⅱ type (0.7%) in M4-5-7-2 type. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution among different age groups. There were statistical differences in the distribution of four seasons among the 13 genotypes of B, G, M, S, V, Y and E, J, P, U, X, Z, a. All Mp infected children had symptoms of fever and cough. The hospitalization time, fever duration, high fever (>39℃), cough duration, skin changes, digestive system symptoms and liver function injury rate of P1-Ⅰ/M4-5-7-2 pneumonia children were higher than those of P1-Ⅱ/M3-5-6-2 pneumonia children, but the difference was not statistically significant. The WBC count of P1-Ⅱ/M3-5-6-2 types was higher than that of typeⅠand M4-5-7-2; the LDH of P1-Ⅰ/M4-5-7-2 was higher than that of Ⅱ and M3-5-6-2, with statistical difference. There was no significant difference in the incidence of inflammatory consolidation, atelectasis, pleural thickening and pleural effusion among different genotypes. Conclusions:Mp infection in children with pneumonia in Tianjin is mainly P1-Ⅰ/ M4-5-7-2, and P1-Ⅱ is on the rise. P1-Ⅰ and M4-5-7-2 were associated with fever and severe symptoms.
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Objective:To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus (NoV) in hospitalized children with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in Tianjin in 2019.Methods:Fecal specimens and clinical data were collected from 3 116 hospitalized children with sporadic acute gastroenteritis possibly caused by viral infection in Tianjin Children′ Hospital between January and December, 2019. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect NoV. Partial sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid genes of NoV were amplified by RT-PCR. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed for further analysis.Results:Among the 3 116 specimens, 809 (26.0%) were positive for NoV. There were significant differences in NoV detection rate between different age groups ( P=0.000), and the highest NoV detection rate (31.6%) was observed in the age group of 7-12 months. Moreover, the detection rate of NoV varied with seasons ( P=0.000), and the NoV detection rate was highest in winter (39.0%). Based on the sequence analysis of RdRp and capsid genes, 286 identified NoV strains belonged to six genotypes, which were GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3, GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2, GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17, GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2, GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3 and GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4. The predominant genotype was GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 (61.2%), followed by GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3 (33.6%, 96/286), GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.3 (2.4%, 7/286), GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2 (2.1%, 6/286), GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.2 (0.3%, 1/286) and GⅡ.P17-GⅡ.17 (0.3%, 1/286). Patients carrying the NoV of GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 genotype were likely to suffer from vomiting than those positive for NoV of GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3 genotype. Conclusions:NoV was an important pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis in children. GⅡ.Pe-GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 and GⅡ.P12-GⅡ.3 were the major genotypes of NoV in hospitalized children with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in Tianjin in 2019.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Maiqi-Jiangtang pill on the glycolipid level in type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice.Methods The 8-week old male ob/ob mice were randomly divided into Maiqi-Jiangtang pill high- (8 g/kg), medium- (4 g/kg), low- (2 g/kg) dose groups. All the mice orally adiministered with the drugs once a day for 10 weeks. The same week age normal C57BL/6J control mice and ob/ob model group mice were orally administered with the equal volume solvent. The body weight per week were recorded. The fasting blood-glucose (FBG) was measured by glycemic instrument. The content of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C in serum, and TG and TC content in liver were determined by biochemical method. The liver index was calculated.Results Compared with ob/ob model group, there was no significant change in body weight of mice administered with Maiqi-Jiangtang pill for 10 weeks. Compared with the model group, the low-, medium- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly decrease the FBG (7.43 ± 1.71 mmol/L,7.84 ± 1.09 mmol/L vs.8.95 ± 0.96mmol/L), the high- dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could significantly reduce the TG (0.93 ± 0.16 mmol/L vs.1.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L) and LDL-C (2.10 ± 0.51 mmol/L vs.2.56 ± 0.44 mmol/L) content in serum of ob/ob mice (P<0.05), increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.40 ± 0.39vs.1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.01), decrease the liver weight (3.52 ± 0.26 gvs. 3.98 ± 0.35 g) and the liver index (0.063 ± 0.004vs. 0.071 ± 0.006) (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low dose Maiqi-Jiangtang pill could also significantly decrease the TG level (0.63 ± 0.25 mmol/gvs. 1.05 ± 0.67 mmol/g) in liver and significantly increase the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio (2.30 ± 0.44vs. 1.96 ± 0.24) in serum (P<0.05).Conclusions The Maiqi-Jiangtang pill can reduce lipid in serum and liver of ob/ob mice while it can decrease the blood glucose, which need to further study its mechanism.
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Objective A lentivirus-mediated colon cancer cell line stably overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene was constructed to observe the effect of this gene on the ability of the cells to resist herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Methods p CDH-EF1-MCS-SAMHD1-T2 A-GFP recombinant plasmid was constructed using pCDH-EF1-MCS-T2 A-copGFP lentiviral vector. After confirming successful synthesis with sequencing, the recombinant plasmid and lentivirus packaging plasmids were co-transfected into 293 T cells. The pseudovirus solution was collected and concentrated, then human colon cancer cells were infected with the concentrated solution. The cell line overexpressing SAMHD1 gene was infected with HSV-1 in contrast to the control group, and the virus infection efficiency was assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Results The pCDH-EF1-MCS-SAMHD1-T2 A-GFP recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and verified by gene sequencing. Western blotting confirmed the overexpression of the SAMHD1 gene with higher levels of the gene in the transfected cells in contrast to control human colon cancer cell line. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that the cell line overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene could effectively inhibit the infection of HSV-1. Conclusion Lentivirus-mediated stable cell line overexpressing human SAMHD1 gene was effective in inhibiting HSV-1 replication and could help us to further investigate the function of SAMHD1.
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Objective To investigate positive picobirnaviruses(PVBs)infection and its association with unex-plained diarrhea in children. Methods From January to December 2015,the Clinical Microbiology Testing Center of Xuzhou Central Hospital as the sampling location,7 PVB reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR)- positive fecal samples with diarrhea were collected from children under 6 years old and 4 samples from healthy chil-dren were obtained and all the samples were analyzed by viral metagenomics to investigate the relationship between PVBs and diarrhea in children. Phylogenetic analysis of RdRp in the isolated PVB sequences was carried out to clarify the relationship between PVB classification and diarrhea. Results All the 7 diarrhea feces contained high titers of PVB sequences,while 3 of the controls were negative,and 1 with low titers of PVB. RdRp analysis was carried out on the iso-lated PVB sequences,which displayed that 7 RdRp sequences caming from 7 fecal samples separately,so named ChXz- 1 to ChXz - 7 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the predicted amino acid sequences of RdRp from this study and whole RdRp sequences available in the GenBank database indicated that the 7 RdRp sequences belonged to 3 genogroups,in which ChXz - 1,ChXz - 2,ChXz - 3 belonging to genogroup Ⅰ,ChXz - 4,ChXz - 5,ChXz - 7 belong-ing to genogroup Ⅱ,and ChXz - 6 belonging to genogroup Ⅲ. Conclusions PVBs might be the cause of diarrhea in children in this study,and all the 3 different PVBs may lead to diarrhea.
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Objective To investigate the genetic features of pan-drag resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods The susceptibilities to 14 antibacterial agents were detected in pseudomonas aerations by K-B paper diffusing method. A strain of pan-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected randomly, and was used to amplify genes for β-Lactam antibiotic resistance (TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1 group,CTX-M-2 group, CTX-M-9 group, OXA-1 group, OXA-2 group, OXA-10 group, PER, GES, VEB,CARB, LCR, BEL, DHA, IMP, VIM, SPM, GIM, SIM and oprD2), aminoglycosidase drug resistance genes (including aminoglycosides modification enzymes gent,16S rRNA methylase gene) and genetic markers of plasmid (traA and traF), integrons (tnpA, tnpU and merA), transposons Ⅰ (int Ⅰ 1 ) by PCR,and the sequences of above genes were analyzed. Results The pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all 14 antibacterial agents, and the following genes were positive in PCR: TEM-1 and CARB-3 types of genes for β-Lactam antibiotic resistance (deletion of oprD2), aac (6')-Ⅱ and ant (2")-Ⅰ of aminoglycosidase resistance genes, transposons Ⅰ (int Ⅰ 1 ), and the merit of integrons. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows high resistance to most antibacterial agents, which should draw attention in clinic.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the 16S rRNA methylases gene and AMEs of 30 strains multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinic work in our hospital.METHODS Collected 50 P.aeruginosa strains from two hospitals(30 strains of multi-resistant P.aeruginosa from Yantai,Shandong,20 strains of pan-drug resistant P.aeruginosa from Jiangsu),and analyzed 6 kinds of 16S rRNA methylases(armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC,rmtD and npmA) and 6 kinds of AMEs gene aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,aac(3″)-Ⅰ,and aac(2″)-Ⅰ by PCR and sequence analysis.RESULTS Among 30 strains of multi-resistant P.aeruginosa from Yantai,the positive rate of 4 kinds of genes aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,aac(3″)-Ⅰ,and aac(2″)-Ⅰ was 20%(6/30),46.7%(14/30),36.7%(11/30) and 3.3%(1/30).The other 8 kinds genes were all negative.The total positive rate of AMEs gene was 46.7%(14/30).In 20 strains of pan-drug resistant P.aeruginosa,the positive rate of 6 kinds of genes rmtB,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6′)-Ⅰb,aac(6′)-Ⅱ,aac(3″)-Ⅰ,and aac(2″)-Ⅰ was 55%(11/20),60%(12/20),35%(7/20),60%(12/20),50%(10/20) and 45%(9/20).The other 6 kinds genes were all negative.The total positive rate of AMEs gene was 95%(19/20).CONCLUSIONS It is the first report that 16S rRNA methylases gene is existed in P.aeruginosa;there is very high positive rate of AMEs genotypes in P.aeruginosa;there are differences in gene existing among two hospitals.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Yantai and their mechanisms of resistance to macrolides.METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of S.pneumoniae was determined by agar dilution method.Phenotypes of macrolide-resistant S.pneumoniae were determined using double disk test with erythromycin and clindamycin disks.ermB And mefE genes were amplified by PCR.RESULTS Among 42 strains of S.pneumoniae,65.0% were intermediate to and no strain was resistant to penicillin.The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 93.0%,respectively.Of 41 erythromycin resistantstrains,93.0% were constitutive resistant.ermB Was detected in 40 strains and mefE in 1 strain,both ermB and mefE genes were found in 9 strains.CONCLUSIONS The resistance rate of S.pneumoniae to penicillin is high in Yantai area,the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin are very high.Target modification by ermB methylase is the predominant mechanism in macrolide-resistant S.pneumoniae in Yantai.
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OBJECTIVE To provide laboratory evidence for the prevention and control of coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS),and study the distribution and drug resistance of CNS in our hospital.METHODS CNS of inpatients from Oct 2005 to Dec 2007 was isolated and identified with ATB Expression microbe identification and drug sensitivity system.RESULTS A total of 354 strains of CNS were isolated,from the main samples of secretion,sputum,blood and cerebrospinal fluld.The isolation rate from departments of pediatrics,ICU,orthopedics and neurology were 9.90%,9.30%,9.00% and 5.60%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS CNS is playing a significant role in nosocomial infection.The drug resistance of CNS is very serious.To pevent nosocomial infection,it is critically important to monitor the antimicriobial resistance of CNS and use autibiotics more rationally.
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OBJECTIVE:Study on the efficiency of azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository in inhibiting ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)in vitro.METHODS:The method of microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)for Uu that azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository campared with azithromycin dried suspension. RESULTS:The MIC for Uu that both azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository and azithromycin dried suspension is lower than 0.125?g?mL~(-1).CONCLUSION:Azithromycin sustained release vaginal suppository has significant inhibitive effects on Uu under the experiment condition.
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AIM: To study the effect of Qilong Capsule (QLC) on experimental thrombosis and its thrombolysis. METHODS: Rat's thromboses induced by the arteriovenous shunt and by stimulating the common carotid artery (CCA) and serum pharmacol ogy method was used to study the effect of QLC on thrombus. Turbidimetry was u sed to observe the effect of QLC on platelet aggregation of normal rats induced by A DP and collagen. RESULTS: QLC 0.6g?kg -1 and 0.3g?kg -1 could notably li ghten the wet-weight and dry-weight of thrombosis in the arteriovenous shunt m odel in rats(P
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Objective:To study the relationship between hyperviscosity syndrome(HVS) and platelet membrane glycoproteins(GP) sub group changes.Methods: CD62P,CD63,CD31 and CD41 were measured by flow cytometry(FCM). The hemorrheoloic parameters of HVS patients were compared with those of normal aged group and normal young group.Results:(1)The CD62P,CD63 and CD31 of aged and young HVS patients before therapy were obviously higher than those of the normal aged group and normal young group.(2)Combined measurement could improve the detecting positive rate of HVS patients up to 92% 100%, with the sensitivity being 95.3%.(3)Bamyl decreased CD62P,CD63 and CD31,which was obviously correlated with ?b and ?p. Conclusion:The alteration of platelet membrane GP positive expression may be a parameter for early diagnosis and clinical outcome observation.