ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on neonatal cardiac development.Method From January to December in 2016,full-term neonates of GDM mothers admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital were retrospectively included as the GDM group,and full-term neonates with non-GDM mothers during the same period as the control group.Their birth weight,length,placenta weight,birth weight/placenta weight ratio,echocardiographic cardiac measurements within the first week,and the incidence of congenital heart disease were compared between the two groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyse the possible factors causing neonatal ventricular septal hypertrophy in GDM group.Result A total of 104 cases in the GDM group and 107 cases in the control group were included.Significant differences existed in birth weight,length and placental weight between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences in gender,gestational age and birth weight/placental weight ratio between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The width of the aorta and main pulmonary artery,the size of the left atrium,the left ventricle and the right ventricle,and the thickness of the ventricular septum in the GDM group were greater than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The ventricular septal thickness of the GDM group was greater than the control group [≥3500g:(3.6±0.5) mmvs.(3.3±0.3) mm,＜3500g:(3.5±1.0) mmvs.(3.1 ± 0.4) mm],the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of congenital heart disease was 4.8％ (5/104) in the GDM group and 0％ in the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the interventricular septal thickness of the GDM group was positively correlated with the levels of HbA1c,HbA1 c,insulin of their mothers during pregnancy and birth weight of the newborn (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion GDM mother may pose adverse effects on neonatal myocardial development.Further research is needed on its mechanism and how to monitor the incidence.