The Association Between Colon Polyp and the Metabolic Syndrome in Asymptomatic Korean Adults

BACKGROUND: Recently, the prevalence of colorectal cancer related with metabolic syndrome is increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal a relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and the development of colon polyp. METHODS: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of one university hospital and underwent colonoscopic examination from February 2010 to February 2011, a total of 1,630 (males 1,156, females 474) asymptomatic adults were included for the study. Sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol levels and the presence of colorectal polyps were measured. Alcohol consumption, smoking and exercise were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by criteria of 2004 American Heart Association/Updated NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III. RESULTS: The prevalence of colon polyps and metabolic syndrome was 21.7% and 16.0% respectively among study subjects. After adjustment for sex and age, metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR]=1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.82, P=0.031) and waist circumference (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P=0.009) were associated with increased risk of colorectal polyps. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome and waist circumference were associated with increased risk of colon polyps in asymptomatic Korean adults.

The Analysis of Risk Factors of Gall Stone Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Recently, the prevalence of gall stone related with metabolic syndrome is increasing in Korea. The aim of this study was to reveal a relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and the development of gall bladder stones. METHODS: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of Soonchunhyang University Hospital from March 2009 to March 2010, a total of 5,201 adults were examined. Among them, the final 5,052 (male 3,403, female 1,649) adults were included. Sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and the presence of gall stones were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined by criteria of 2004 American Heart Association/Updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Analyses were adjusted by age and sex. RESULTS: This study showed that the prevalence of gall stone was 1.6% and metabolic syndrome was 19.3%. The results didn't show an association between gall stone risk and components of metabolic syndrome. But gall stone risk was increased according to aging, high total cholesterol in the abnormal body mass index group. In normal body mass index group, waist circumference was related with the development of gall stone. Total cholesterol level was related with the development of gall stone in overweight group. CONCLUSION: This study showed total cholesterol levels and waist circumference related with prevalence of gall stone in specific body mass index group.

Study of Food Intakes and Eating Patterns among Preschool Children in Daegu Area: Assessment of Dietary Pattern and Dietary Diversity / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to assess dietary pattern and dietary diversity of preschool children by investigating their food consumption. To accomplish this, dietary intake survey (24 hour-recall food diary) was administered to 508 children aged between 4 to 6 years old from 4 kindergartens in the Daegu area (415 were completed). By using CAN pro 3.0 for professionals, the dietary patterns and dietary diversity scores of each food group were examined by age and sex. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0, and chi-square t-test and Anova test, and Duncan's multiple range test used for verifying significance. For 4~5- year-old group, boys had significantly more fruit and meats than girls (p<0.05), but girls had more dairy food than boys with no ignificance. For 6-year-old group, boys had significantly more foods, milk and dairy foods than girls (p<0.05), and also boys had more vegetables and fruit than girls with no significance. For DDS (Dietary Diversity Score), the score of 6-year-old group was significantly higher than that of younger children (p<0.05) and the older the age was, the higher the score was. Dietary Pattern (GMVFD) was verified by 8 types, and the ratio of taking all five food groups (GMVFD = 11111) of the 6-year-old group was 48.8%. Children with older ages had more various foods than younger ones (p<0.05). In addition, the ratio of taking less than the minimal intake of dairy foods of girls (48.1%) was higher than that of boys (41.3%). As results, unbalanced diet, overeating and not eating unbalanced diet were revealed as the problematic dietary habits among preschool children, and those habits may change positively with knowledge on nutrition grow on. Therefore, nutritional characteristics and importance of preschool children should be taught to parents and caregivers, and it must be practical and ready to use in cooking for these children to healthy dietary habits.

Study of Food Intakes and Eating Patterns among Preschool Children in Daegu Area: Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Habits Associated with Body Weight Status / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight status (by WLI: Weight-Length Index) and dietary habits and to assess the nutritional status among preschool children in the Daegu area. Dietary habits including dietary attitude and behavior were investigated using questionnaire answered by mothers of 680 subjects aged 4 to 6 years old (508 completed). Also, dietary intake survey using 24-hour recall method was performed by mothers of the children. According to WLI, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity level of subjects were 9.1, 62.0, 19.5, and 9.4%, respectively. As well, the number of girls was higher than boys in underweight, overweight, and obese group. There were significantly different on overeating, eating fast, and preferring eating-out by body weight status, and overweight group got higher score than underweight or normal-weight group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). As well, there was significantly different on not moving around during mealtime by body weight status, and underweight group have lower score than obese group (p < 0.001). From the 24-hour recall survey, it was found that intakes of all the nutrients were higher than the %KDRI except energy, calcium and folate. The energy intake of underweight group of 4~5-year old (1338.2 kcal) and 6-year old was lower than Koreans %DRI for those age group. Folate and dietary fiber intakes of obese group were significantly lower than underweight (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). For 4~5-year old, vitamin B(6) intakes of obese group were significantly higher than obese group (p < 0.05). For 6-year old, obese group showed that intake of vitamin B(1) was significantly higher than the other three groups, and intake of vitamin B(1) of overweight group was significantly higher than the other three groups. Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the nutrient intake level and dietary habits of preschool children by body weight status in Daegu area. Therefore, parents (family) and caregivers should be aware of the prevalence of obesity and nutritional status of preschool children, and start nutrition education as soon as possible.

Comparison of Nutrient Intake and Meal Service Satisfaction of Elderly at the Local Community Centers:Free and Reduced Meal Service Charge / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and foodservice satisfaction of homebound elderly had lunch at the local community centers by the difference of meal service charge. Two local community center with congregate meal service program located in Daegu and Gyongsan were selected; one with free of meal service charge (F), and the other with 500-1,000 won for meal service charge (K). According to the dietary assessment, energy and nutrient intakes of the 156 elderly subjects were as a whole under the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Elderly of F service center showed higher % RDA for the selected nutrients and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) than those of K service center (p<0.001). Participants were satisfied with most of the congregation meal service from community center with different reasons such as 'tasty (K service center)' and 'free of charge (F service center)'. In conclusion, elderly had the lunch at the community center with free of meal service charge was poor nutrition status and lower socioeconomic level than the other type of community center in this area. Therefore, healthy menu for elderly should be developed and managed by professional dietitian, as well as its impact on health status of this group, and congregate meal service system might be extended to the homebound elderly of whole community with free of charge.

Comparison of Nutrient Intake and Meal Service Satisfaction of Elderly at the Local Community Centers:Free and Reduced Meal Service Charge / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare the nutrient intake and foodservice satisfaction of homebound elderly had lunch at the local community centers by the difference of meal service charge. Two local community center with congregate meal service program located in Daegu and Gyongsan were selected; one with free of meal service charge (F), and the other with 500-1,000 won for meal service charge (K). According to the dietary assessment, energy and nutrient intakes of the 156 elderly subjects were as a whole under the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Elderly of F service center showed higher % RDA for the selected nutrients and MAR (mean adequacy ratio) than those of K service center (p<0.001). Participants were satisfied with most of the congregation meal service from community center with different reasons such as 'tasty (K service center)' and 'free of charge (F service center)'. In conclusion, elderly had the lunch at the community center with free of meal service charge was poor nutrition status and lower socioeconomic level than the other type of community center in this area. Therefore, healthy menu for elderly should be developed and managed by professional dietitian, as well as its impact on health status of this group, and congregate meal service system might be extended to the homebound elderly of whole community with free of charge.

A Study of Dietary Behavior and Serum Leptin Levels in Obese Children: The Relationship between the Obesity Index and the Serum Leptin Levels Based on Eating Habits and Eating Behaviors / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among eating habits, eating behaviors, obesity indices and serum leptin levels of 97 school children in the Daegu and Kyungpuk areas. The subjects consisted of 42 boys and 55 girls from the 4th and 5th grades. The prevalence rate of obesity was 63.6% in the males and 36.4% in the females. The nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls and blood analyses. The mean serum leptin levels of the obese group (12.84 +/- 6.97 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of the non-obese group (2.43 +/- 1.53 ng/ml)(p < 0.001). The mean eating behavior scores and MAR were significantly different in the two groups. Nutrient intakes were low and fell short of the RDA. Serum leptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with eating habit (r = -0.24) and eating behavior scores (r = -0.40)(p < 0.05, p < 0.001). It was speculated that nutritional intervention and education about the appropriate nutrient intake requirements of developing children might be necessary.

A Case of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia Associated with Increased Respiratory Burst Activity of Neutrophils / 대한혈액학회지

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a rare myeloproliferative disorder. We have experienced a typical case of chronic neutrophilic leukemia in a 76-year-old man who complained abdominal distension due to hepatosplenomegaly. White blood cell count of peripheral blood was 50,500/nL with 90% segmented neutrophils. The underlying disease for a leukemoid reaction had not been detected. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score and the serum levels of vitamin B12 and uric acid were elevated. Chromosome study showed a normal karyotype without Philadelphia chromosome or bcr/abl rearrangement. Phorbol myristate acetate-activated respiratory burst activity of neutrophils measured with chemiluminescence showed increased activity.

Ex Vivo Expansion and Clonality of CD34 Cells from Bone Marrow, Umbilical Cord Blood and Mobilized Peripheral Blood in Serum-free Media / 대한소아혈액종양학회지

PURPOSE: Umbilical cord blood is increasingly being used in the setting of allogeneic marrow transplantation. However, while neutrophil engraftment is comparable to that of marrow transplants, delayed platelet engraftment is often a concern for cord blood transplant recipients. This delay may be due to relative weakness of the megakaryocyte lineage in cord blood. We evaluated the potential of ex vivo expansion and clonality from different stem cell sources. METHODS: The CD34 cells from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood (CB), and mobilized peripheral blood (PB) were cultured for burst-forming unit of erythrocyte (BFU-E), colony-forming unit of granulocyte and monocyte (CFU- GM) and colony-forming unit of megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) at day 0, day 4, day 7, and day 14 under the combination of growth factors, with cell counts. Cytokines included recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factors (100 ng/mL), interleukin-3 (10 ng/mL), stem cell factor (100 ng/mL), and flt-3 ligand (50 ng/mL). RESULTS: CB-derived CD34 cells had significantly higher total cell proliferation than either BM or PB at day 7 (1.6 to 18.2 fold) and day 14 (1.2 to 17.2 fold). The colony count of BFU-E was in general more plentiful in CB than in BM and PB at day 4, day 7 and day 14, among which the difference was the most distinct at day 7 culture. Also, CB CD34 cells produced more CFU-Mk colonies than did BM or PB at day 4 and day 7. There were no differences in colonies count of BFU-E and CFU-Mk between BM and PB. CONCLUSION: Ex vivo expansion of CB cells may be most promising in producing total cellular expansion, CFU-Mk and BFU-E compared with BM and PB, especially at day 7, because the former was the most productive hematopoietic source on a per volume basis.