Three Cases of Suicide Using Dry Ice / 대한법의학회지

Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide and is commonly used in everyday life to keep food or medicine cold. In South Korea, there have been rare cases of carbon dioxide asphyxiation and poisoning from dry ice, though there have been no reports of its use in suicide. In the first case, a man was found lying down dead and left a large amount of dry ice in his room. In the second case, a man died by tying a belt around his neck after placing a plastic bag filled with dry ice over his head. The third death was by placing a large amount of dry ice in a large rubber basin in his room and filling it with water. Dry ice itself is mostly harmless, but if it is not handled carefully in a confined space, it can cause accidents due to accidental oxygen deprivation. Its easy availability in everyday life also means it is likely to be misused for suicidal purposes. Investigators should consider the potential for asphyxiation or poisoning incidents if they discover dry ice or its packaging at the forensic scene.

Rapid increase of cytosolic content of acetyl-CoA carboxylase isoforms in H9c2 cells by short-term treatment with insulin and okadaic acid

Mammalian acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is present in two isoforms, alpha and beta, both of which catalyze formation of malonyl-CoA by fixing CO2 into acetyl-CoA. ACC-alpha is highly expressed in lipogenic tissues whereas ACC-beta is a predominant form in heart and skeletal muscle tissues. Even though the tissue-specific expression pattern of two ACC isoforms suggests that each form may have a distinct function, existence of two isoforms catalyzing the identical reaction in a same cell has been a puzzling question. As a first step to answer this question and to identify the possible role of ACC isoforms in myogenic differentiation, we have investigated in the present study whether the expression and the subcellular distribution of ACC isoforms in H9c2 cardiac myocyte change so that malonyl-CoA produced by each form may modulate fatty acid oxidation. We have observed that the expression levels of both ACC forms were correlated to the extent of myogenic differentiation and that they were present not only in cytoplasm but also in other subcellular compartment. Among the various tested compounds, short-term treatment of H9c2 myotubes with insulin or okadaic acid rapidly increased the cytosolic content of both ACC isoforms up to 2 folds without affecting the total cellular ACC content. Taken together, these observations suggest that both ACC isoforms may play a pivotal role in muscle differentiation and that they may translocate between cytoplasm and other subcellular compartment to achieve its specific goal under the various physiological conditions.

Chondroma on Lamina of C1 Associated with Symptom of Spinal Cord Compression

Chondroma is a benign bone tumor and rarely involves the spine ; even if this occurs however, neurological symptoms and signs rarely arise. We encountered one case of chondroma which developed in the posterior arch of the atlas. The patient complained of quadriparesis, hypesthesia, and urinary frequency. MR imaging showed that the tumor had compressed the cord dorsolaterally at the C1 level. It was completely removed, and the posterior arch of the atlas and surrounding ligamentum flavum disclosed hypertrophy. Postoperatively, the neurological status of the patient improved. On pathologic examination, hypocellularity and mature hyaline cartilage was seen, as well as chondrocytes residing in the lacunae ; all these findings were compatible with benign chondroma.