ABSTRACT
A total of 50 clinical strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were collected from Kobe University Hospital in 2003. Molecular typing of SCCmec was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the presence of six genes (vraR, vraG, vraA, vraF, fruA, and fruB) associated with vancomycin (VCM) resistance was examined by simple PCR analysis. Out of 50 MRSA strains isolated 47 strains contained Type II SCCmec and the remaining contained Type IV SCCmec. Thirty seven strains contained pUB110 plasmid. VraA was present in 69% of the strains, vraF in 10%, vraG in 53%, and vraR in 16%. Noteworthy, strains without pUB110 contained vraR in relatively higher frequency (31%) compared with strains with pUB110 (11%).
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/drug effects , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Chromosomes, Bacterial , Hospitals, University , Humans , Japan , Methicillin/pharmacology , Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
A study of diarrheal diseases associated with Cyclospora cayetanensis was conducted in Nepal and Lao PDR. A total of 2083 samples were included in this study. Samples in Nepal were collected from October 1999 to August 2002 whereas samples in Lao PDR were collected from February 2002 to June 2003. C. cayetanensis was detected by direct microscopy using ultraviolet and differential interference contrast microscopy. The overall positive rate in Nepal was 9.2% (128/ 1397). A higher positive rate was observed in children aged 10 years and under (11.1%) and was lowest in the age group of 51-60 years (3.1%). A significantly higher positive rate was observed in the summer (rainy season) (12.6%) with the lowest prevalence in the spring (dry season) (1.8%) (p < 0.05). The positive rate was closely associated with rainfall (ml/month). Interestingly, only one of the total 686 samples (0.1%) from Lao PDR was found to be positive for Cyclospora oocysts.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cyclospora/isolation & purification , Cyclosporiasis/epidemiology , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Female , Humans , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Laos/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nepal/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Assessment , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
We describe the characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, isolated from the blood of patients with perforation and non-perforation typhoid fever, by a combination of conventional microbiological tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and flagellin gene and CDP-tyvelose epimerase (rfbE) gene sequencing. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were four base mutations from perforation samples and only three from non-perforation samples. These findings indicated that the isolates were a strain of Salmonella enterica. The flagellin gene sequences from the two groups were 100% identical to that of the H1-d flagellin gene of serovar Typhi. Sequences of the rfbE from both groups were also 100% identical.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Salmonella Infections/blood , Salmonella typhi/genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Severity of Illness Index , Typhoid Fever/diagnosisABSTRACT
Medical and entomological surveys were conducted to determine the risk factors of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections on Lombok Island, Indonesia, to find the risk factors and the main mosquito vectors for each malaria. Multivariate longitudinal analysis demonstrated two significant risk factors for infection with P. falciparum: disappearance of P. vivax parasitemia (p<0.001) and a specific study site (p<0.001). In contrast, younger age (p=0.024) and the interpolated virtual density of An. subpictus (p=0.041) were significantly associated with increased risk of infection with P. vivax. Thus, it seems that the distribution of P. vivax was determined largely by the presence of An. subpictus, whilst that of P. falciparum was influenced by antagonism with P. vivax. This result shows the importance of following-up treated P. vivax patients to identify recrudescence of P. falciparum in this area.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Animals , Anopheles , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Indonesia/epidemiology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Insect Vectors , Larva , Logistic Models , Longitudinal Studies , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Population Density , Risk Factors , Small-Area AnalysisABSTRACT
Nine species of sandflies, Lutzomyia. All the species collected were found to be anthropophilic. Hindgut infections with leishmanial promastigotes were observed in only one (0-38 por ciento) of the 266 L. whitmani dissected. No L. intermedia were found infected, giving an overall infection rate of one (0-16 por ciento) of 615 flies dissected. The results indicate a very low rate of natural infection in endemic areas of Paraguay
Subject(s)
Leishmania , ParaguaySubject(s)
Leishmaniasis/nursing , Nutritional Status/radiation effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Immunity, Cellular/immunology , Infertility, Female , Water Pollution/adverse effects , Down Syndrome/nursing , Down Syndrome/genetics , Urea , HIV Antibodies/radiation effects , Hypothyroidism/nursing , Hypothyroidism/radiotherapy , Eye Infections, Fungal , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/nursing , Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeABSTRACT
En dos pacientes con cuadros clínicos de Verruga Peruana procedentes del Sur de la Provincia de Manabí se aisló por cultivos en agares de fases la Bartonella bacilliformis, comprobándose así la etiología de esta enfermedad que en esa región tiene caracteres clínicos especiales: es relativamente benigna
Subject(s)
Humans , Bartonella Infections/microbiology , Bartonella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar individual y comparativamente, la intradermo reacción y ELISA, como elementos de diagnóstico en el muestreo de la leishmaniasis cutánea y mucocutánea del Ecuador. El antígeno para la intradermo reacción fue preparado fragmentando promastigotes de L. braziliensis. Un estudio preliminar de intradermo reacción utilizando este antígeno, fue desarrollado en 63 individuos con lesiones dérmicas activas, junto a la prueba de ELISA. Los grados de positividad de ambas pruebas fueron significativamente altos en aquellos individuos cuyas lesiones fueron positivas para el parásito, demostrando alta sensibilidad y especificidad en los pacientes con leishmaniasis. Un estudio epidemiológico...
Subject(s)
Epidemiologic Methods , Leishmaniasis/immunologyABSTRACT
Este examen fue diseñado para detectar antígenos de leishmania en los tejidos de mamíferos silvestres capturados en las áreas endémicas de leishmaniasis en el Ecuador. La detección de los antígenos fue realizada por contra-inmunoelectroforesis (CIE). Las líneas de precipitina fueron observadas entre el suero anti-l.b brazilensis y extracto de hígado (antígeno) obtenido de 3 Didelphis marsupialis, 2 el antisuero, y un extracto de bazo de c. lanatus, que ya había presentado CIE positiva para extracto de reservorios de la leishmaniasis en el Ecuador, para D. marsupialis y C. lanatus, tal incriminación fue hecha por primera vez.
Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs , Immunoelectrophoresis , Leishmaniasis/immunologyABSTRACT
La flora bacteriana de dos tipos distintos de úlceras de leishmaniásicas de la sierra y de la costa, fueron examinadas con el fin de dilucidar el efecto de las infecciones concomitantes en el desarrollo de las manifestaciones cutáneas de la leishmaniasis. Un total de 51 úlceras leishmaniásicas, 11 muestras de la sierra y 40 de la costa, fueron examinadas; 46 (90.2 por ciento) fueron positivas para microorganismos. La flora bacteriana aislada fueron aeróbicos: Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Mycrobacterium y bacilos Gram negativos; anaeróbicos: Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium y Bacteroides; y levaduras. El grado de aislamiento bacteriano fue de 81.8 por ciento para la sierra y 92.5 por ciento para la costa...