ABSTRACT
Background@#Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many cancers. However, EGFR expression in melanoma and its role are conflicting. @*Objective@#This study aimed to evaluate EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma and analyze its relationship with histologic and clinical characteristics and survival. @*Methods@#Diagnostic tissues from 55 cases of distant metastatic melanoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for EGFR expression. Clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes were analyzed according to EGFR expression. @*Results@#The positive EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma was significantly correlated with the absence of ulceration. The EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma was significantly associated with poor survival, under the conditions of male sex and primary cutaneous melanoma without ulceration or Breslow thickness ≤4.0 mm. This study bears limitations of a retrospective study in a single institution. @*Conclusion@#EGFR immunostaining had predictive values for survival outcome. The EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma in male, no ulcer, or Breslow thickness ≤4.0 mm appeared to be involved in disease progression.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many cancers. However, EGFR expression in melanoma and its role are conflicting. @*Objective@#This study aimed to evaluate EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma and analyze its relationship with histologic and clinical characteristics and survival. @*Methods@#Diagnostic tissues from 55 cases of distant metastatic melanoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for EGFR expression. Clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes were analyzed according to EGFR expression. @*Results@#The positive EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma was significantly correlated with the absence of ulceration. The EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma was significantly associated with poor survival, under the conditions of male sex and primary cutaneous melanoma without ulceration or Breslow thickness ≤4.0 mm. This study bears limitations of a retrospective study in a single institution. @*Conclusion@#EGFR immunostaining had predictive values for survival outcome. The EGFR expression in distant metastatic melanoma in male, no ulcer, or Breslow thickness ≤4.0 mm appeared to be involved in disease progression.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the material used most often for soft tissue augmentation. Both agent factors, such as type of fillers and host factors, including technical manipulation, are known to affect the longevity of HA fillers. Although the relationship between longevity and filler composition has been widely studied, quantitative analysis to evaluate the difference in longevity of HA filler depending on injection depth has not yet been reported.Objective This study estimates injection depth-dependent degradation of HA filler in vivo using a rat model to evaluate its longevity. @*Methods@#Three Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to each group based on sampling timepoints. Four injections were administered intradermally on one side of the back of rats and four more injections were administered subcutaneously on the other side. Histological specimens from the injected site were obtained at 2 (Group 1), 5 (Group 2), 9 (Group 3), 13 (Group 4), 20 (Group 5), and 33 (Group 6) weeks after initial implantation. External size of the implant site was calculated using caliper measurement at sampling timepoints. @*Results@#Although caliper-based analysis did not reveal a significant difference between intradermal and subdermal sites in all groups (p＞0.05), volumetric analysis of histological specimens demonstrated a difference in injection depth-dependent degradation rate. The volume ratio decreased over time in the subdermal injection sites, but it maintained a greater volume ratio than intradermal injection sites during the experiment (Groups 1∼6, p＜0.007).At 20 weeks after implantation, approximately half of the HA filler remained in the subdermal injection sites, whereas ＞80% of the filler was lost from intradermal injection sites. After the initial injection, time taken for the implant volume to reduce to half of its original value at intradermal and subdermal sites was 13 and 20 weeks, respectively. @*Conclusion@#This study demonstrates histological changes occurring in implanted HA filler materials over time and compares the injection depth-dependent longevity of materials. Caliper-based analysis did not show a significant difference between the intradermal and subdermal sites. However, quantitative analysis based on histological volumetric analysis revealed that subdermal injection lasts longer than intradermal injection.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Madelung’s disease (MD) is characterized by multiple symmetric deposits of unencapsulated adipose tissue in the head, neck, and upper trunk. However, the etiology of lipoma tissue in MD remains controversial. @*Objective@#This study determined the clinicopathological and epidemiological features of Korean patients with MD and re-examined the hypothesis that lipomas of MD originate from brown fat. @*Methods@#We performed a single-institution, retrospective medical record review of 20 patients diagnosed with MD between January 1997 and August 2017. Biopsy slides were stained with nuclear factor IA (NFIA) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). @*Results@#The patients included were 2 women and 18 men with an average age of 64 (range, 27∼75) years. Ten patients reported heavy alcohol intake, and the remaining 10 reported some degree of alcohol intake. Hepatic disease was present in 47.7% of patients, only 16.7% had a body mass index ＞30 kg/m2, and 80% underwent surgical intervention. @*Conclusion@#MD affected mainly alcoholic men in the fourth decade. Alcoholism, hepatic disease, or severe obesity accounted for less than half of the Korean patients with MD. Immunohistochemical staining supported the hypothesis that MD lipomas originate from brown fat. Although the adipose tissue of all patients was stained with NFIA and UCP-1, the staining intensity varied. NFIA, which is a transcription factor required for the induction and maintenance of brown fat-specific gene expression, was more sensitive than UCP-1 for the detection of brown fat.
ABSTRACT
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis is a subset of cutaneous pseudolymphoma that clinically and histopathologically resembles both allergic contact dermatitis and cutaneous lymphoma. A variety of allergens have been reported since the first description of this entity in 1976. Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis is typically related to T cell hyperplasia. We herein describe a case of cutaneous B-cell lymphoid contact dermatitis caused by hair dye. This case demonstrates that lymphomatoid contact dermatitis can present with various clinical features and emphasizes the importance of thorough history-taking and examination for diagnosis.