ABSTRACT
The aim of study is to establish pharmaceutical equivalence of different brands of Metformin tablets available in Karachi, Pakistan. The quality control parameters which are studied are weight variation test, hardness test, thickness, friability, disintegration and dissolution specified by BP/USP [British and United State Pharmacopoeia]. Weight variation and hardness value requirement was complied by all brands. Disintegration time for all brands was within range i.e. 15 minutes and also complies with the BP/USP recommendation. All brands showed more than 90% drug release within forty five minutes. The present conclusion suggests that almost all the brands of Metformin that are available in Karachi meet the specification for quality control analysis. Assay performed by HPLC by keeping flow rate of 1.0 ml/min of the mobile phase and the quantitative evaluation at 225 nm was performed. The retention time of Metformin was found to be 2.5min. Method suitability for the quantitative determination of the drugs was proved by validation according to the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH] guidelines
ABSTRACT
Sensitive, simple, reliable and rapid HPLC technique for the estimation of simvastatin [SMV] and cetirizine has been designed in this study. The chromatographic conditions were set using Shimadzu LC-10 AT VP pump, with UV detector [SPD-10 AV-VP]. System integration was performed with CBM-102 [Bus Module]. Partitioning of components was attained with pre-packed C-18 column of Purospher Star [5 microm, 250 x 4.6 mm] at ambient conditions. Injected volume of sample was 10 microl. Mobile phase was composed of 50:50 v/v ratio of Acetonitrile/water [pH 3.0 adjusted with ortho-phosphoric acid] having 2 ml/minutes rate of flow. Compounds were detected in UV region at 225 nm. Percent Recovery of simvastatin was observed in the range of 98-102%. All results were found in accept table range of specification. The projected method is consistent, specific, precise, and rapid, that can be employed to quantitate the SMV along with cetirizine HCl. It was estimated by 3 successive cycles of freeze and thaw stability. Results of FT samples were found within accept table limits the method was developed and validated in raw materials, bulk formulations and final drug products
ABSTRACT
Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Falciparum malaria causes more than 1 million deaths annually. Malaria remains a noteworthy reason for major morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum accountable for the mainstream of the disease weight and Plasmodium vivax being the geologically greatest broadly dispersed cause of malaria. The controlling of severe malaria comprises quick direction of suitable parenteral anti-malarial agents and initial acknowledgement and treatment of the complications. This clinical trial was piloted in 100 patients, in which 50 received the test drug [Malarina] and 50 received the control drug [Quinine Bisulphate]. The age range of patients was 12 years to above 50 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Malarina was very effective in treating malaria sign and symptoms. The new treatment Malarina was safe and well tolerated in all patients
ABSTRACT
Interminable arthritis issue, for example, osteoarthritis [OA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA] have in like manner an upsurge of aggravation, and oxidative anxiety, bringing about dynamic histological modifications and incapacitating indications. As of now utilized allopathic prescription [extending from painkiller executioners to natural operators] is intense, yet regularly connected with genuine, even dangerous symptoms. Utilized for centuries in customary herbalism, restorative plants are a promising option, with bring down rate of unfavorable occasions and productivity every now and again tantamount with that of traditional medications. In any case, their instrument of activity is as a rule smooth and additionally indeterminate. Despite the fact that a large number of them have been demonstrated powerful in ponders done in vitro or on creature models, there is a shortage of human clinical proof. This clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. This was a single blind, placebo control phase II clinical trial. Total 200 patients were enrolled in the study, in which 110 received the CartiNovex plus tablet and 90 received the placebo. The age range of patients was 40 years to above 70 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Different parameters like pain on sitting or lying, morning stiffness, pain on walking, stiffness in sitting, lying or resting later in the day, getting on/off toilet, light domestic duties [such as tidying room, dusting, cooking], WOMAC score % were tested for both group i.e. CartiNovex plus group and placebo group in all parameters CartiNovex plus show significant improvement in all parameters. CartiNovex plus tablet was very effective in the management of OA and RA. The CartiNovex plus tablet was safe and well tolerated in all patients and side effects are non-significant
ABSTRACT
Ivy leaf is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases with the intensive mucus formation, respiratory infections, and irritating cough coming from the common cold. Conferring to clinical trials, the efficacy, and tolerability of ivy leaf is good. The main compounds accountable for biological activity are triterpene and saponins. Ivy leaves show convulsive/antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic and anti-thrombin activity. Not only ivy but also marshmallow and mustard seeds are used for these indications. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cough [EMA; European Medicines Agency] granules used for upper respiratory disorders. This clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients, out of which 75 received the Cough [EMA] granules and 75 received the placebo. The age range of patients was 3 years to above 15 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Cough [EMA] granules were found effective in the treatment of cough, cold, and flu symptoms. The new treatment Cough [EMA] granules were safe and well tolerated in patient at given specific age group. The study recommends that Cough [EMA] granules can be used effectively in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection
ABSTRACT
Free radicals are partially reduced form of metabolites of Nitrogen and Oxygen. These are highly reactive and potentially toxic compounds which are contributing factors in different chronic disease. The present study was aimed to determine antioxidant capability and reducing ability of coded polyherbal capsules [Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2]. DPPH [2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl] assay is most commonly used method for gauging antioxidant capability of natural compounds. In this assay DPPH act as stable free radical which react with an antioxidant. For measuring reducing ability suspected antioxidant react with ferric tripyridyltriazine [Fe3 +/- TPTZ] complex and convert ferric into ferrous. Results are evident that both capsule formulations Arthitec 1 and Arthitec 2 have promising antioxidant activity and reducing potential. Antioxidant potential of both coded capsules with varied concentrations [10, 50 and 100 microg/ml] were compared and in both cases scavenging activity and as well as reducing ability raised in a dose dependent manner just like standard Butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA]
ABSTRACT
The highly oriented modern detection techniques provide a precise and definite tool for investigation in natural medicines. Current study directed the standardization of eminent biomarker Vasicine in a natural cough syrup. A highly accurate and precise method of High-performance thin layer chromatography [HPTLC] has been developed to certify the quantity of vasicine inside the syrup. Ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and ammonia [6:3:1: 1 v/v] were mobile phase for the study. The TLC plate silica gel G60F254 was used with CAMAG Scanner III and CAMAG Linomate 5. The detected Rf value was 0.51 in both sample and reference standard at 254 nm. International conference of Harmonization [ICH] guidelines were followed for the validation of the developed method. Linearity was achieved in the range of 200microg to 1600microg with co-efficient correlation r2=0.9995. Accuracy was found in between 98.9 to 101.4% however precision was good at both inter and intra-day. As per the standardization of ICH, the developed method was found to be reproducible and showed sharp similar peak with high resolution
ABSTRACT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is a disease of senile age, usually occurring> 60 years of age. BPH is a disease that involves cell proliferation of the prostate. Pathological hyperplasia affects the elements of the glandular and connective tissue of the prostate. This study is designed to scrutinize the efficacy and tolerability of herbal drug Anti BPH capsule for the management of benign prostate hyperplasia [BPH], in this study we select the 100 patients in which 50 received the Anti BPH capsule and 50 received the Terazosin HCl. We use the American Urological Association BPH Symptom Score Index Questionnaire to measure the quality of life of the patients. We compare the before treatment and after treatment results for each symptom. We record the following symptoms, incomplete emptying of bladder, Frequency, Intermittency, Urgency, Weak stream, Straining, Nocturia and weight of prostate gland by USG. We compare the both drug by using paired sample t-test. The level of significance of incomplete emptying of bladder before treatment and after treatment is 0.013 in test group and 0.032 in control group. Similarly the level of significance of Frequency before treatment and after treatment in test groups in, intermittency, Urgency, Weak stream, staining, Nocturia and mean weight of prostate gland are 0.007, 0.015, 0.044, 0.012, 0.017, 0.004 and 0.020; where as in control group afford as 0.031, 0.044, 0.044, 0.032, 0.024, 0.009 and 0.035 respectively. The herbal drug Anti BPH capsule is more effective in the treatment of BPH than Allopathic medicine Terazosin HCl
ABSTRACT
The cough and cold are very widespread conditions and a common purpose for advice in general practice. Utmost often the sign and symptoms of cough are produced by acute viral airway infection and the course is frequently benign. But it can be converted into bacterial super-infection and can cause acute bronchitis. Herbal medicines are used to treat symptoms of the cough and cold, and among these medicines Ivy leaf is used to treat mucous discharge and irritation in throat due to the cough and cold. In addition to synthetic substances such as acetylcysteine, carbocisteins, ambroxol and bromhexine, herbal medicines contain saponins, which are used in these indications. Not just Ivy, but also the marshmallow and mustard seeds used for these indications. This clinical trial was conducted in 220 patients, in which 110 receive the CofNovex plus European Medicines Agency [EMA] syrup and 110 receive the placebo. The age range of patients was 3 years to above 15 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. CofNovex plus [EMA] syrup was very effective in treating cough and cold symptoms. The new treatment CofNovex plus [EMA] syrup was safe and well tolerated in patient at given specific age group
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of polyherbal linkus with the other pharmaceutical marketed syrup having Acefyllin Piperazine, Diphenhydramine group and Aminophylline Diphenhydramine group on the basis of interquartile ranges on children. It was open label multi centric randomize control trial. The study was conducted on different private schools of East and West Malir, Karachi Pakistan with the special approval from the school's honors. Informed consent and assents were taking before the enrollment of the study subjects. The study enrolled participants were 147 who evaluate on cough. Participants were divided into 3 interventional group according to the treatment regimen. One group of participant received Linkus Syrup however the 2[nd] group received Acefyllin Piperazine and 3[rd] group received Aminophylline Diphenhydramine group. The frequency of the cough on linkus syrup was considered to be achieved on the basis of interquartile relationship and impact has been observed on child and parent sleep and found significant [p <0.01].Poly herbal Linkus Syrup has the significant impact on cough frequency and associated problem on children and parent's sleep with minimum side effects [p<0.01] however the pharmacological treatments are considered to be more unwanted effects on human subjects
ABSTRACT
The hepatitis B is most prevalent diseases [along with morbidities] in Asian countries. This research study has been conducted to provide an alternative treatment which is safe, effective and cost-effective to comprehend relations of disease, symptoms, patients response and the clinical response via better management of hepatitis B. The goal of this research is to evaluate efficacy and safety of herbal medicine as compared to allopathic medicine in patients suffering from hepatitis B. This was a single blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at Shifa-ul-Mulk Memorial Hospital Hamdard University, Karachi and Dar ul Shifa Unani Dawakhana Karachi, Pakistan. The patients of both genders ranging from 25 to 50 years with symptoms and diagnosed for hepatitis B that fulfilled the criteria for membership, and consented for participation were registered. Ethical committee clearance and permission was obtained from the concerned committee at Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan. No significant difference was identified after treatment and it was found that the efficacy of Alpha [Control drug] is same as Safoof akseer e jigar [Test drug]. The data offered support to the null hypothesis and therefore research hypothesis was rejected. According to the statistical analysis by chi square, hepatitis B was recorded as negative in 26 patients [57.77%] out of 45 patients by the use of Interferon Alpha [control therapy] and in 27 patients [64.28%] out of 42 patients by the use of Safoof akseer e jigar [test drug]. Comparison of the data recorded of the patients was determined as both drugs showed significant improvement and p value>0.05. The efficacy response is equal in both drugs while test drug showed more safety response. It is concluded that Safoof akseer e jigar possesses as effective a therapeutic value in treating hepatitis B as allopathic medicine
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Single-Blind Method , PakistanABSTRACT
The antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of herbal coded formulation containing equal amount of Salix alba, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Adhatoda vasica, Viola odorata, Thea sinensis, Veleriana officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Sisymbrium irrio and Achillea millefolium was investigated using the yeast induced pyrexia model in rabbits. Paracetamol was used as a control group. Rectal temperatures of all rabbits were recorded immediately before the administration of the extract or paracetamol and again at 1 hour, after this, temperature was noted at 1 hrs interval for 5 hrs using digital thermometer. At 240 mg/kg dose the extract showed significant reduction in yeast-induced elevated temperature as compared with that of standard drug paracetamol [150 mg/kg]. It is concluded that herbal coded medicine at a dose of 240 mg/kg has marked antipyretic activity in animal models and this strongly supports the ethno pharmacological uses of medicinal plants of this formulation
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Antipyretics/pharmacology , Acetaminophen/pharmacology , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , RabbitsABSTRACT
Antioxidants are used as an influential counteractive measure in opposing the generation of reactive oxygen species. The current study was carried out to investigate antioxidant potential and reducing capability of developed weight reducing tablet formulation. When tablets were evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500 micro g/ml, antioxidant activity improved in a dose depending way just similar to standard Butylated hydroxyl anisol [BHA]. For evaluation of reducing ability the formulation under test evaluated at concentrations of 50, 100 and 500micro g/ml and it was observed that formulation contain good reducing capability and possess considerable activity to scavenge super oxide radicals. In-vitro analysis of weight reducing tablets formulation showed considerable antioxidant and reducing capacity that will be supportive in averting the development of a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated with dysfunction and failure of various body organs. Alarming increase in prevalence rate has made this disorder a major health problem globally. The available treatment modalities are not sufficient to combat diabetes and associated complications. A number of medicinal plants have a significant antidiabetic potential against diabetes mellitus. We have listed the use of important medicinal herbs for the treatment and management of diabetes in this review
ABSTRACT
Nausea and vomiting is the common problem disturbing almost 80% of the females in initial three months of conception and later sometime throughout pregnancy. To find out the efficacy and safety of herbal coded test drug Gingocap in comparison with the control drug Pyridoxine, a randomized clinical case control study was conducted at the OPD of Yusra Medical Centre, Karachi and Amir Habib Medical Center and Maternity Home, Karachi. After administration of test and control drug the frequency of nausea and vomiting was noted after every 2 weeks on 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks during 60 days of the course of study. The percentage of reduction of nausea and vomiting symptoms from the baseline in cases treated with test Gingocap compared to control drug Pyridoxine was recorded. Overall 35 and 30 patients were administered Gingocap and Pyridoxine between 6-16 weeks conception respectively. The data analyzed through T-test using SPSS version 18.0. It was concluded that Gingocap has the potential to relieve the symptoms of nausea and vomiting and exhibited no side effects and this drug was acceptable by maximum number of the patients
ABSTRACT
Amoebiasisis an infectious disease, which originated with the single-celled parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The parasitic amoeba infects the liver and intestine and may cause mild diarrhea and serious dysentery with bloody and mucoid stool. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Amoebex [400mg], a herbal formulation for the treatment of amoebiasis infections as compared to that of Metronidazole [400mg]. The therapeutic evaluations of these medicines were carried out on 184 clinically diagnosed cases of the amoebiasis infection. Sample sizes of Ameobex for this study included a total of 93 patients and for Metronidazole a total of 91 were registered and treated. Comparison of the data recorded for the participants relating to sign and symptoms variables showed significant differences of efficacy between test and control groups [p<0.0357] and no side effects were at all recorded in test group. According to observation, there was a difference in the overall clinical success of both treatment groups, however, the efficacy of the test treated medication [Amoebex] was superior to that of Metronidazole as [p<0.03], and on the basis of the statistical analysis done by the chi square test, the null hypothesis was rejected. `It is clearly evident that Amoebex possesses therapeutic value for the treatment of amoebiasis associated symptoms but also the eradication rate of amoebiasis is superior by Amoebex as compared to that of Metronidazole [Control drug]
ABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis [AD] commonly identified as eczema. AD is an inflammatory, long-lasting, highly pruritic reverting disease of the skin. AD is classified by disease of outer skin layer barrier function. AD is progress with Immunoglobulin E facilitated sensitization to food and environmental allergens. One study stated that more than 59.6% of teen-agers with AD are at high risk of develop asthma or rhinitis. Interaction between genes and environment increase the prevalence of AD. AD have three standard stages: infantile, childhood, and adulthood. AD sign and symptoms diverge extensively. AD can be present that simply affect the hand to where a patient presents with erythroderma. AD present with erythematous papules, extremely pruritic with serous exudate. Lichenified plaques and papules are symptoms of long lasting AD. Due to outer skin layer barrier dysfunction bacterial and viral infection risk is increased in AD patients. This study was directed on 100 patients in which 50 are PolymixinB-bacitrin group and 50 are Dermidoc group. Patients were selected after seeing inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking written informed consent. Dermidoc group expressively amended skin symptoms associated with AD comparing to the PolymixinB-bacitrin group. The Dermidoc cream is effective and well tolerated. The results were analysis using paired sample t-test. The p value is <0.05. Test group [Dermidoc] were significantly more effective than PolymixinB-bacitrin group
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The current randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of Entoban for treating patients of chronic diarrhea. The study enrolled 150 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, among them 95 were males and 55 were females. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Metronidazole tablets [400 mg] were used in a control group for 7-10 days. The test group received Entoban capsule 400mg every 8 hours for five days. Primary outcome of the study was daily bowel frequency evaluation; the secondary outcome was evaluation of clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, distention, stool consistency and sensation of incomplete evacuation. The study is registered at [https://register.clinicaltrials.gov] having registration number NCT02642250. In an intention-to treat [ITT] analysis, it has been observed that 39[84.78%] in test group and 37[78.72%] in control group showed complete improvement. Participants in the test group exhibited a marked reduction in symptoms; the symptom score was decreased from 3 [maximum] to 1 [minimum] or 0 [absent] in most of participants. Major difference was observed regarding side effects reported between two treatment groups [p value <0.0001]. Entoban possesses considerable therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of chronic diarrhea analogous with the conventional Metronidazole therapy
ABSTRACT
Upper respiratory tract infections [URTI] are the most common acute illnesses that are often of viral origin. Cough and chest congestion are the common symptoms of this disease. Children are prescribed with drugs that are considered to relive the symptoms of this disease. The topical medications contain vegetable camphor for more than a century that relieve chest congestion and cough caused by URTI. The use of camphor in such products remains questionable especially in children who are more sensitive to its side effects. Herbion "Chest Rub" for children is a camphor-free formulation that contains eucalyptus oil mixture, menthol, turpentine and clove oils and is used to relieve symptoms of URTI. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effectiveness of the chest rub in children suffering with congestion and cough caused by URTI. The study compared the results of the chest rub applied to a group of infected children with a placebo group. Patients were selected randomly on the basis of the criteria set for the study. The results indicated that the chest rub was quite effective in majority of the cases in relieving the symptoms of URTI as compared to the placebo group
ABSTRACT
Traditional herbal healers "Hakims" use various plants of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan for treating a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, there has never been a scientific validation of these plant-based therapeutics. We compared the antipyretic effect of Echinops echinatus, Alhagi maurorum, Fagonia cretica, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Panicum turgidum in animal model. These plants were used to reduce E.coli lysate induced pyrexia in rabbits. There were five groups of rabbits having five rabbits in each group. Among these five groups, three received various doses of experimental treatment, paracetamol was given to fourth group known as positive control. The fifth group of animals served as negative control and received no treatment. Ethanol extracts of Fagonia cretica [500mg/kg], Panicum turgidum [500mg/kg and 750mg/kg], Alhagi maurorum [500 and 750mg/kg], Cymbopogon jwarancusa [250mg/kg] and Echinops echinatus [750mg/kg] showed significant antipyretic effects when compared with controls and experimental counterparts. These results revealed that ethanol extracts of the plants evaluated in this study have dose dependent antipyretic activity. Further detailed screening of these plant species is recommended