A 6-Week Oral Toxicity Study of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The present study was carried out to examine the toxicity and target organs of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) after repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks (3 administrations, once every 2 weeks). OCV is an inactivated oral cholera vaccine that contains Vibrio cholerae and confers protection against cholera caused by V. cholera serogroups O1 (Inaba and Ogawa serotypes) and O139 (strain 4260B). The animals were orally administered either OCV placebo (negative control) or OCV at a dose equivalent to 240 times the anticipated human dose. Throughout the administration period, no significant change was detected in clinical signs, body weight, food or water consumption, urinalysis results, hematological and clinical biochemistry test results, organ weights, necropsy, or histopathological examination results. Minor changes were found in hematological and clinical biochemistry tests; however, these changes were within normal ranges. The above results suggest that oral administration of OCV in rats did not induce any toxicologically meaningful changes, and the target organs could not be determined. This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines established by Good Laboratory Practice (2009-183, KFDA, December 22, 2009) and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (1997).

The expression of p57(kip2) in normal ovaries and ovarian tumors / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of CDK (Cyclin dependent kinase) inhibitor, p57(kip2) in human ovarian corpus luteum, benign and malignant ovarian tumors. METHODS: 46 women undergoing laparoscopic surgery or laparotomy for ovarian tumors were enrolled. Total 46 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of corpus luteum, benign and malignant ovarian tumors were stained by immunohistochemistry for expression of p57(kip2). RESULTS: p57(kip2) was stained in theca cell of growing follicle but not induced in human corpus luteum. There was the expression of p57(kip2) in mature teratoma, immature teratoma and endometrioma but not in epithelial ovarian tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that p57(kip2) expression may be not important in luteinization of the ovary and seemed not to play a role in development of epithelial ovarian tumors. However, it may involve pathogenesis of mature teratoma, immature teratoma and endometrioma.

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with ruptured corpus luteum / 대한산부인과학회지

Ruptured corpus luteum can cause massive hemorrhage. Because its symptoms are similar to those of ectopic pregnancy and/or acute appendicitis, its diagnose in early stage is not easy. When massive hemorrhage breaks out, it is reported that operational treatment is required. However, when accompanied with autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) along with stable vital signs, a conservative treatments such as corticosteroids and immunoglobulins can be carried out. A 23-year-old female presented with lower abdominal pain and diagnosed as intraperitoneal hemorrhage through ultrasonography and CT. Physical examination and laboratory findings also indicated that the patient was carrying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We experienced a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with ruptured corpus lutem which treated with conservative treatments without complications and present it with brief review of literatures.

A case of abdominal pregnancy confirmed by laparoscopy / 대한산부인과학회지

Approximately 1% of ectopic pregnancies are abdominal pregnancies and these may cause life-threatening bleeding and complications. Because of it's high maternal mortality and morbidity, early diagnosis and prompt decision making is important. But the clinical manifestation and physical examination is not specific, so early diagnosis and management is difficult. Presented here is a case of primary abdominal pregnancy. A 31-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal pain at 8 weeks of gestation. Diagnostic transvaginal ultrasound revealed large amount of peritoneal fluid, no intrauterine sac, and mass on left adnexa. Laparoscopy was performed and abdominal pregnancy on the rectal serosa was confirmed. We experienced a case of abdominal pregnancy which treated with laparoscopy without complications and present it with a review of the literature.

Effectiveness of Sengstaken-Blankemore tube to control postpartum hemorrhage / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and identify the role of interventional procedure of tamponade treatment with modified Sengstaken-Blankemore (S-B) tube on control of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) unresponsive to conventional medical treatment. METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively on the clinical records of 90 patients who had experienced PPH at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of OO University Hospital from February, 2000 to September, 2005. We have actively applied tamponade balloon since 2004. As a result, tamponade balloon were applied to 17 patients. Medical records were reviewed such as clinical status, cause of bleeding, volume of balloon, duration of balloon, complication, success rate and additional treatment. RESULTS: We have overall success rate of tamponade balloon in 11 (64.7%) of 17 patients of PPH. The causes of bleeding were subinvolution of uterus (100%), uterine atony (80%) and abnormal placentation (20%) in order of success rate. There was no major complication related to the tamponade procedure. We had compared final treatment during two period (before tamponade use v.s after tamponade use). 15 (33.3%) received invasive procedure and 8 (17.8%) received hysterectomy before tamponade use. However 10 (22.2%) received invasive procedure and just 1 (2.2%) received hysterectomy after tamponade use. CONCLUSION: Tamponade with modified S-B tube is effective on PPH unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and cuts down additional invasive procedure when tamponade treatment failed.