Amyloidosis in a Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus)

Two Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) died after suffering from pododermatitis, lethargy, and ataxia; necropsy was performed. Grossly, the liver was swollen and firm. The kidney and spleen were also enlarged and a pale tan color. On histopathologic examination with Congo red staining, amyloidosis was noted in liver, spleen, and kidney. In addition, marked osseous metaplasia was present in the liver. Based on these results, systemic amyloidosis involving liver, spleen, and kidney with osseous metaplasia in the liver was diagnosed. Study results indicate that an inflammatory reaction associated with pododermatitis had a role in the amyloidosis in this particular case.

A Study on Dietary Habits, Body Satisfaction and Nutritional Knowledge by Body Image of Middle School Girl Students in Chungbuk Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, body satisfaction and nutritional knowledge according to body image of middle school girl students (n = 284). The subjects were classified as lean, normal and fat groups according to body image. The weight, body mass index (BMI) and the score of body image were significantly higher in the students who recognized their body image as 'fat'. The satisfaction of present body image was significantly lower in students who recognized their body image as 'lean'. The interest in weight control and experience of weight control were significantly higher in students who recognized their body image as 'fat'. The necessity of nutrition education was higher in all groups (lean 67.2%, normal 59.0% and fat 52.8%). The products used to feel sweetened were sweetened ice (68.7%), processed milk (68.3%), confectionery (62.3%), carbonated beverage (55.3%), fermented milk (38.0%) and none (6.0%). The frequency of consumption of fruit juices and fried food was significantly higher in 'normal' compared to 'fat'. There was no significant difference in the frequency of consumption of snack and nutritional knowledge among the three groups. In the multiple regression analysis, the score of body image was negatively associated with the frequency of snack consumption in the 'lean'. The score of body image was positively associated with identification of nutrition labels and an interest in weight control but was negatively associated with satisfaction of present body image in the 'fat'. Based on these results, we conclude that, the middle school girl students need correct recognition of body image and continuous and practical nutrition education in order to maintain healthy dietary habits.

The total sugar and free sugar content in beverages categorized according to recipes at coffee and beverage stores / 한국영양학회지

This study was designed to investigate the amount of free sugar according to each beverage category in coffee and beverage stores. The groups were categorized as 15 groups based on the kind of beverage material. The beverage groups contributing to total sugar per 100 mL were milk + syrup or powder, hot (12.9 g), ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (11.9 g), and espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (11.4 g). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per 100 mL were ade (12.6 g), milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice (10.8 g), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice (10.3 g), and milk + syrup or powder, hot (9.7 g). The beverage groups contributing to total sugar (energy) per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 56.6 g (332.3 kcal), espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 49.3 g (333.4 kcal), milk + syrup or powder, hot 46.3 g (372.1 kcal), and milk + syrup or powder, ice 38.1 g (325.9 kcal). The beverage groups contributing to free sugar per portion size were milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 51.2 g, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 44.9 g, ade 37.1 g, milk + syrup or powder, hot 34.6 g, and milk + syrup or powder, ice 30.1 g. The percent of average free sugar per portion size of the WHO recommendation (free sugars <10% of total energy; <50 g/2,000 kcal) was milk + syrup or powder + crushed ice 102.4%, espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice 89.8%, ade 74.1%, and milk + syrup or powder, hot 69.2%. The proportion of beverage in excess of WHO recommendation per portion size was 14.6% in espresso shot + milk + syrup + crushed ice, 22.7% in ade, and 10.9% in milk + syrup or powder, hot. Therefore, in coffee and beverage stores, menu development with reduced sugar content is needed, and nutrition information should be provided through sugar nutrition labeling.

Renal Scarring in Surgically Treated Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring in children who were treated surgically due to failure of initial medical management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two children (51 renal units), 15 boys and 17 girls, aged 1-8 (median 3.2) years, with VUR were analyzed retrospectively. All children were initially treated with antibiotic prophylaxis for median 15.2 months (10-19 months). In 51 renal units, reflux grade at presentation was grade II in 8, III in 14, IV in 25 and V in 4. Renal scars were evaluated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and classified into three grades. We analyzed the incidence and severity of renal scar according to various clinical characteristics and discussed the optimal treatment in vesicoureteral reflux with respect to the development of renal scar. RESULTS: DMSA scan revealed that 69% (35/51) of the renal units had renal scars. Scarring at presentation was grade I in 10, II in 20 and III in 5 renal units. The incidence of renal scar was 86% at ages less than 2 years, 72% at ages 2 to 5 and 27% at ages greater than 5, of which the difference was statistically significant. And the incidence of renal scar according to the reflux grade was 38% in II, 50% in III, 84% in IV and 100% in V, of which the differnce was also statistically significant. However, the sex and laterality did not affect the incidence of renal scar in this study. With respect to the scar grade, the grade of refux was the only statistically significant determining factor. Especially, grade IV reflux resulted in much more severe scarring than grade III reflux. Comparing the result of DMSA scan at presentation with that just before operation in 13 children (18 renal units), only two renal units with grade IV reflux showed increase in renal scar. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factor to affect the development and severity of renal scar was the reflux grade. Considering relatively higher incidence of renal scar and more severe scarring in grade IV reflux than grade III reflux, early surgical management may be a possible option in the treatment of children with grade IV reflux.

The Role of Endourologic Management for Tuberculous Ureteral Stricture / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Tuberculous ureteral stricture causing a progressive obstructive uropathy is a common complication of renal tuberculosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early ureteral stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in patients with tuberculous ureteral stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy seven patients (84 renal units) with tuberculous ureteral strictures were analysed respectively. We evaluated the final outcome of involved kidneys according to the two different managements; medication only versus medication plus ureteral stenting or medication plus PCN. RESULTS: In our series, nephrectomy rate was about 51%. In cases treated with medication only, the nephrectomy rate was about 73%. While the nephrectomy rate was about 34% when treated with medication plus early ureteral stenting or PCN. The rate of reconstructive surgery for ureteral strictures was significantly different between the cases treated with medication only (8%) and medication plus early ureteral stenting or PCN (49%). Moreover, spontaneous resolution of the ureteral strictures was noted in 6 out of 12 renal units which had strictures in the course of medical therapy and were managed with early ureteral stenting. CONCLUSIONS: Early ureteral stenting or PCN in patients with tuberculous ureteral stricture may increase the opportunity for later reconstructive surgery and decrease the possibility of renal loss.

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 on Expressions of Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-alpha in DU145 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify the possible mechanism of insensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated growth inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DU145 cells were treated with 4, 40, 100 pM TGF-beta1 for 3, 6, 9 days. Initially we performed the growth assay. After that, we analysed the change of cell cycle using fluorescence flow cytometry. At each time point, Western blot analysis with cell pellets was performed to investigate the change of expressions of epidermal growth factor(EGF), TGF-alpha, EGF receptor(EGFR) and TGF receptorII(TbetaR-II) proteins. RESULTS: The growth rate of TGF-beta1-treated cells was initially suppressed, but over time returned to control level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TGF-beta1-treated cells showed an increase in apoptotic/G1 phases, and concurrent decrease in S, G2/M phases until 6days. On day 9, however, TGF-beta1-treated cells showed a persistent increase of apoptotic unclei in spite of recovery of apoptotic/G1, S and G2/M phases. Western blot analysis showed that the intensity of EGF or TGF-alpha band decreased in dose-sependent manner on day 6. However, the intensity of each band increased up to the control level on day 9. the expression of EGFR or TbetaR-II protein did not change after treatment of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha sould mediate in part the escape fron the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in DU145 cells.

Effects of Human Recombinant Interferon-Gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha on Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Activity Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Effects of Human Recombinant Interferon-Gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha on Expressions of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Activity Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

The Significance of Renal Pelvic Diameter in the Neonates with Congential Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Genetic Susceptibility of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 to the Risk for Korean Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Genetic Susceptibility of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 to the Risk for Korean Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Surgical Outcome of Proximal Hypospadias with Penoscrotal Transposition / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Penoscrotal transposition is found in cases with severe form of hypospadias. In those cases, severe chordee generally coexists and a long length of urethra may be necessary for its correction. We evaluated the clinical outcome of surgical repairs for 12 patients of proximal hypospadias with penoscrotal transposition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 12 cases, there were 2 with penoscrotal type, 7 with scrotal type and 3 with perineal type hypospadias. All cases had moderate to severe chordee. Five cases were treated with one-stage repair and seven cases with multi-stage repair. We analysed operative methods, postoperative complications and those managements between the cases of one-stage and multi-stage repairs. RESULTS: For one-stage repair, we used transverse preputial island flap method in 3 cases and urethroplasty using scrotal skin flap in 2 cases. For multi-stage repair, we performed Thiersh-Duplay urethroplasty in 2 cases, bladder mucosal graft in 2 cases and Belt-Fugua urethroplasty in 3 cases. Correction of penoscrotal transposition was performed successfully in all cases. In all cases, a paucity of skin was the most difficult problem. The overall complication rate was 50.0%. In cases treated with one-stage repair, there were two cases with urethrocutaneous fistulas. However, in cases treated with multi-stage repair, there were four cases with complications such as urethral strictures, urethrocutaneous fistulas with or without large skin defect. Overall the complications in cases with multi-stage repair were more severe than those in cases with one-stage repair. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that multi-stage operation may be not superior to one-stage operation in cases with proximal hypospadias associated with penoscrotal transposition. Thus we recommand one-stage repair in those cases despite a paucity of foreskin.

Experience of Redo Urethroplasty for Complicated Recurrent Hypospadias / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Patients requiring urethral reconstruction due to failed hypospadias repairs present a considerable technical challenge. Herein we report the experience of redo urethroplasties for complicated recurrent hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1987 to 1997, we performed redo urethroplasty in 11 cases with complicated recurrent hypospadias. Types of recurrent hypospadias were coronal (1 case), distal shaft (4 cases), mid-shaft (1 case), and penoscrotal (5 cases) hypospadias. The interval between the last operation and redo operation was distributed from 8 months to 5 years. We analysed preoperative status, operative methods and their complications retrospectively. RESULTS: We performed urethroplasties using scrotal skin flap or buccal mucosal graft in only 2 cases. In spite of a paucity of usable penile skin, we performed urethroplasties with maximal use of remaining penile skin. Mathieu method was used in one case with coronal type. Mustarde operation was used in 4 cases with distal shaft hypospadias. And in 5 cases with penoscrotal type, we used Thiersch-Duplay method. Six of 11 patients had complications such as urethrocutaneous fistulas (4 cases) or recurrent hypospadias (2 cases) which were managed successfully later. CONCLUSIONS: Urethroplasty using penile skin maximally such as Mathieu, Mustarde, or Thiersch-Duplay methods appears to achieve success in patient with recurrent hypospadias subsequent to previous failed repairs.

Short-term Follow-up of Renal Function after Donor Nephrectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Eventhough cadaveric renal grafts are increasing, kidneys from living donors remain as the major mode of renal transplantations and there is a need to establish theoretical bases for securing the safety of the donors. Follow-up of donors was done for a year using several indices of renal function to evaluate the function of the remaining kidneys after donor nephrectomies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and sixty one living donors were included in this study. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine, 24 hour creatinine clearance, 24 hour urine protein, and blood pressure were checked preoperatively. The same indices were checked at one, six, and twelve months after the operation. These indices were compared with those before the operation. RESULTS: Although some increase was observed in serum BUN, creatinine, and 24hr urine protein, and decrease in creatinine clearance after donor nephrectomies, all were within normal limits, which did not show clinically significant differences. All indices did not deviate from the normal limits through-out one year. CONCLUSIONS: Renal indices varied within normal limits and donor nephrectomies seemed to cause no significant harmful effect on the donors. Prospective and long term follow-up of the donors after donor nephrectomies are needed to ensure a high quality life of living donors.

A Study in the Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factors-alpha on the Growth of Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on the growth of human transitional cell carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T-24, KK47 and KU-1 cell lines established from human transitional cell carcinoma tissues were used. We cultured the cell lines in serum-free media for 48 hours and then administered EGF and TGF-alpha in the concentrations of 0.1ng/ml, 1ng/ml, 10ng/ml and 100ng/m1 respectively. We analysed the effects by MTT assay at 144 hours. RESULTS: There were statistically significant stimulatory effects on the growth of three cell lines in all cultures. Enhanced growth was also observed in the culture with administration of EGF and TGF-alpha simultaneously. None of stimulatory effects were dose-related. CONCLUSIONS: We should take into consideration of possible role of EGF which are excreted in urine in very high concentration in a biologically active form and TGF-alpha of which urinary level increases with various type of bladder injuries in occurrence, progression and recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma of urothelium.

A Study of Correlations among International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Volume of Total and Transition Zone of Prostate Measured by Transrectal Ultrasonography, Serum PSA Level in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

This study was aimed to investigate the possible correlations between International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), volume of total and transition zone of prostate, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in 42 patients diagnosed and treated as benign prostatic hyperplasia. We got IPSS by interview and calculated the volume of the total and the transition zone (TZ vol) of prostate by transrectal ultrasonography. The size of the total prostate was 37.35+/-12.9 cc (mean+/-standard deviation) and that of the transition zone was 17.72 +/- 10.04 cc. Transition zone index(transition zone volume/total prostate volume, TZ index) was calculated and its value was 0.45 +/- 0.14. Symptom score was not correlated with total prostate volume, TZ volume or 72 index (r=0.27, p>0.05; r=0.23, p>0.05; r=0.16, p>0.05, respectively). Either it did not show correlation with serum PSA level (r=0.16, p>0.05). However, there were statistically significant correlations among serum PSA, total volume, TZ volume, TZ index (r=0.66, p<0.05; r=0.64, p<0.05; r=0.47, p<0.05). From these results, it is difficult to find significant correlations between symptom severity easured by IPSS and several clinical indices such as total prostate volume, transitional volume, TZ index or serum PSA level. Prospective study including developing a more objective symptom scoring system is needed to get a more useful clinical index reflecting the symptom severity of the BPH patients as well as clinical status of them.

Comparative Study on Diagnostic Value of Digital Rectal Examination, Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Transrectal Ultrasound in Prostate Cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We analysed 101 patients with voiding symptoms of suggestive prostatism to evaluate the diagnostic values of digital rectal examination (DRE), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in the detection of prostate cancer. Final diagnoses confirmed histopathologically by TRUS-guided needle biopsy resulted in 31 prostate cancers. The prostate cancer detection rates by DRE, PSA (>2.5 ng/ml) and TRUS were 47.5%, 34.1% and 48.1%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of DRE, TRUS and serum PSA were 90%, 40%, 81%, 42.9% and 100%, 14.3% respectively. Especially PSA had too low specificity in discrimination of malignant diseases from the benign. Three out of 31 patients with prostate cancer showed only one abnormal findings from three items. Patients with abnormal findings in DRE-PSA, TRUS-PSA and DRE-TRUS showed the detection` rates of cancer 57.1%, 54.3% and 62.5% respectively. The detection rate was highest as 73.5% when patients showed abnormal findings in all three items. Our results suggest that the combination of DRE, TRUS and serum PSA increased the detection rate of cancer but several points such as cost-effectiveness and efforts to increase specificity methodologically should be taken into consideration before we apply those diagnostic modalities to screening of prostate cancers as routine procedures.

Surgical Outcome of 59 Cases with Proximal Hypospadias / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We evaluated the clinical outcome of surgical repairs for 59 patients with proximal hypospadias with chordee. Out of 59 cases, there were 6 cases with proximal penile type, 39 with penoscrotal type, 11 with scrotal type and 3 with perineal type. Associated anomalies were bifid scrotum in 21, penoscrotal transposition in 17, cryptorchidism in 12, imperforated anus in 2 and congenital heart disease in 2 cases. Thirty-nine cases were treated with one-stage repair and 20 cases with multi-stage repair. Surgical methods for one-stage repair were transverse preputial flap (TPF, 30 cases), onlay island flap (OIF, 8 cases) and bladder mucosa graft (1 case). And surgical methods for multi-stage repair were Belt-Fugua method (11 cases), Thiersch-Duplay method (4 cases), bladder mucosa graft (3 cases) and scrotal-penile tube graft (2 cases). The overall complication rate was 40.7%. The most common complications were urethrocutaneous fistula (17 cases) and urethral stricture (7 cases). Complication rates of one-stage and multi-stage operations were 35.9% and 50%, respectively. In our series, there were 24 cases whose penile length was shorter than 2.5 cm. Out of these patients, 14 cases recieved 25 mg of testosterone cypionate at intervals of 3 weeks for a total period of three months preoperatively. Although testosterone provided some increment of penile size, postoperative complications were developed in 7 patients of testosterone-treated group exclusively. Despite relatively high complication rate in our series, our final results based on cosmesis and function were excellent in all cases. Our experience indicates that multi-stage operation may not be superior to one-stage procedure in proximal hypospadias repair, and that preoperative administration of testosterone may not decrease complication rate in cases with short penile length.

Expressions of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, c-erbB-2 and p53 Protein as Useful Markers of Malignant Potential in a Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder shows marked heterogeneity in biological behaviors. Evidence has accumulated that biological markers may provide significant information to predict the potential aggressiveness of TCC. We have assessed the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins in 56 cases of TCC to investigate the prognostic significance of differential expression of these oncoproteins using an immunohistochemical method. We analysed the expression patterns of these oncoproteins according to tumor stage and grade. And we assessed the probability of progression-free survival in stage T1 tumors according to their expressions. Positive rates of EGF-R (>+3 staining intensity), c-erbB-2 (intense membrane staining) and p53 proteins (>20% positive cells) were 73.2%, 37.5% and 42.9%, respectively. Invasive tumors had significantly higher positive rates of all three factors than did superficial tumors (p<0.005 for EGF-R and c-erbB-2, p<0.05 for p53). High grade tumors had significantly higher positive rates of c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins (p<0.005). In superficial tumors, T1 tumors had higher positive rate of p53 protein compared with Ta tumors (p<0.05). Twelve cases of superficial tumors (34.3%) were positive for EGF-R and negative for c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins. Nine cases of superficial tumors(25.7%) were negative for all three factors. In invasive tumors, however, 42.5% of the cases were positive for all three factors. The overexpression of p53 protein was the only useful marker to predict the rapid progression in stage T1 tumors (p<0.05, log-rank test). These results suggest that the differential overexpression of EGF-R, c-erbB-2 and p53 proteins could be useful to depict tumor aggressiveness of TCC of the urinary bladder. And, the overexpression of a p53 protein may be a useful marker to predict the possibility of rapid progression in stage T1 tumors.

A Case of Malignant Leydig Cell Tumor / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Malignant Leydig cell tumor of the testis is a very rare condition. A case of the malignant Leydig cell tumor arised from the right testis of seventy-year-old man is reported. The patient presented painless, 4 x 8 x 5 cm sized, mass without endocrinological manifestations and the mass was removed and diagnosed as a malignant Leydig cell tumor histologically showing frequent mitosis, pleomorphic cells in trabecular pattern with nuclear atypia, clear cells with foamy cytoplasm, and vascular invasion of tumor emboli in tumor capsule. No Reinke`s crystalloid was seen. The patient is now being followed in disease free state.