Live donor hepatectomy for liver transplantation in Egypt: lessons learned

To retrospectively review anesthesia and intensive care management of 145 consented volunteers subjected to right lobe or left hepatectomy between 2003 and 2011. After local ethics committee approval, anesthetic and intensive care charts, blood transfusion requirements, laboratory data, complications and outcome of donors were analyzed. One hundred and forty-three volunteers successfully tolerated the surgery with no blood transfusion requirements, but with a morbidity rate of [50.1%]. The most frequent complication was infection [21.1%] [intraabdominal collections], followed by biliary leak [18.2%]. Two donors had major complications: one had portal vein thrombosis [PVT] treated with vascular stent. This patient recovered fully. The other donor had serious intraoperative bleeding and developed postoperative PVT and liver and renal failure. He died after 12 days despite intensive treatment. He was later reported among a series of fatalities from other centers worldwide. Epidural analgesia was delivered safely [n=90] with no epidural hematoma despite significantly elevated prothrombin time [PT] and international normalization ratio [INR] postoperatively, reaching the maximum on Day 1 [16.9 +/- 2.5 s and 1.4 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05 when compared with baseline]. Hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia were frequently encountered. Total Mg and phosphorus blood levels declined significantly to 1.05 +/- 0.18 mg/dL on Day 1 and 2.3 +/- 0.83 mg/dL on Day 3 postoperatively. Coagulation and electrolytes need to be monitored perioperatively and replaced adequately. PT and INR monitoring postoperatively is still necessary for best timing of epidural catheter removal. Live donor hepatectomy could be performed without blood transfusion. Bile leak and associated infection of abdominal collections requires further effort to better identify biliary leaks and modify the surgical closure of the bile ducts. Donor hepatectomy is definitely not a complication-free procedure; reported complication risks should be available to the volunteers during consenting

A Survey of the Awareness and Ability of Health Care Providers to Cope with Language Barriers at Medical Facilities in Hyogo, Japan / 国際保健医療

<B>OBJECTIVE:</B><br>This study aims to examine the awareness and ability of health care providers to cope with language barriers at medical facilities in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, and to clarify the issues concerning health care for foreigners.<br><B>METHODS:</B><br>In total, 2100 copies of self-report questionnaires on issues of health care for foreigners were mailed to health care providers of 352 hospitals in Hyogo. The survey was conducted from February to March 2010.<br><B>RESULTS:</B><br>The response rate of medical facilities was 21.6% (76/352), whereas that of the health care providers was 15.2% (320/2100). Approximately 10% hospitals handled foreign patients at least once per month, and they dealt with patients using several languages, including English, Chinese, Korean, and others. The providers' main issue was communication with their foreign patients. The documents and booklets for guidance regarding some health care procedures at the hospitals were also poorly prepared. It is therefore exceedingly necessary for hospitals to provide common documents in different languages; moreover, the government or local authorities should arrange for public medical interpretation services.<br><B>DISCUSSION:</B><br>Medical facilities in Hyogo have been struggling to improve their linguistic capabilities, and it is difficult to indicate whether public organizations concerned with medical interpretation are being recognized. Efforts on the part of medical facilities and local and national governments, as well as cooperation of nonprofit organizations, are immensely essential to resolve the issue of multilingual health care. This survey suggests that to help people with diverse languages, the health care system in Japan should be improved rapidly, particularly with regard to the establishment of licensed professional medical interpreters.

Analysis of complications in hepatic right lobe living donors

Living donor liver transplantation [LDLT] has been expanding to adult recipients by using right lobe grafts. However, the incidence of complications is more frequent than that involving left lobe grafts. Hence, we aimed to analyze postoperative complications in right lobe liver donors as a step to improve the results in the donors. Three hundred and eleven right lobe liver donors were retrospectively reviewed between February 1998 and December 2003. The ages of the donors ranged from 19 to 64 years [median: 46 years]. Their body mass index ranged from 16.6 to 34.3 [median: 22.1]. The mean duration of the operation was 6.58 [1.25] hours and blood loss was 289 [254] mL. The estimated median donor residual liver volume was 42.2% [range: 20.6-60.3%] and the median hospital stay was 14.5 days [range: 6-267 days]. One donor died of liver failure due to small residual liver volume [26%] and steatohepatitis. One hundred and twenty three complications occurred in 104 donors [33.4%]. Donors experienced one or more complications. According to the Clavien classification, grade I complications occurred in 71 of the episodes [57.7%], grade II complications in 9 [7.3%], grade IIIa complications in 39 [31.7%], grade IIIb complications in 3 [2.5%], and grade V complications in 1 [0.8%]. Biliary complications were the most common and occurred in 37 donors [12%]. Right lobe liver donation is a widely accepted procedure that results in the expansion of the indication for LDLT to adults and large children. However, remnant liver size and anatomical variations in the biliary tree represent important risk factors for postoperative complications

Efficacy of acupuncture on VDT workers (1) / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Introduction]Recently, in the development of information technology, VDT workers are increasing rapidly. Physical and mental health symptoms associated with working at visual display terminals (VDTs) are controversial. However, there are few studies about the effect of acupuncture treatment on eye fatigue, neck and shoulder stiffness that many VDT workers have.<BR>Therefore, in this prospective study, we examined the effect of acupuncture treatment for complaints of VDT workers.<BR>[Methods]Sixty-one VDT workers participated as subjects (41 males, 20 females). Acupuncture sessions were performed once a week for four weeks. Acupuncture points were decided by the patient's muscleskeletal distress.<BR>Disposable press tack needles were used. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine eye fatigue, neck and shoulder stiffness. Improvements of each VAS were evaluated. Then we analyzed improvement on shoulder and neck stiffness associated with eye fatigue.<BR>[Results]The neck and shoulder distress of patients was reduced in four weeks by acupuncture treatment. A regular correlation between the improvement rate of eye fatigue and neck/shoulder stiffness was observed.<BR>[Conclusion]The neck and shoulder stiffness was improved by acupuncture treatment. According to improved symptoms, eye fatigue was mitigated as well. Thus it was suggested that utility of acupuncture is high in the field of industrial medicine.

Assessment of the Cost Performance of Laparoscopy-Assisted Gastrectomy / 日本農村医学会雑誌

Background: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy requires a lot of disposable products. So we compared the cost between laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open surgery.Patients and methods: For comparison we used five cases each of open distal gastrectomy (ODG), laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG), open total gastrectomy (OTG) and laparoscopy assisted total gastrectomy (LATG). In this study, we defined the profit of gastrectomy as below and we used the list price for all products. Profit of gastrectomy=Fee for gastrectomy-(Costs of all single use products-Demandable fee for single-use products)Results: Mean profits of ODG and LADG were 278,756.2 yen and 190,292.8 yen. The difference was 88,463.4 yen. Mean profits of OTG and LATG were 395,922.6 yen and 330,653.6 yen. The difference was 65,269 yen. Mean hospital charges, mean length of hospital stay, mean hospital charges per day of ODG, LADG, OTG and LATG were 1,390,464 yen, 21.4 days, 65,140.0 yen and 1,484,254.0 yen, 18.8 days, 80,805.4 yen and 1,956,664.0 yen, 24.4 days, 82,397.1 yen and 1,686,936.0 yen, 18.4 days, 91,894.8 yen, respectively.Conclusion: The turnover of laparoscopic gastrectomy was higher than open gastrectomy, but, the profit was lower because of high costs of disposable products. Hospital charges were not higher but the charge per day was higher because of a shorter hospital stay.

The Current Status of and Issues Surrounding Breast Cancer Screening: A Clinical Survey and Patients' Awareness of the Benefits of Mammography / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: The benefits of combining cancer screenings with clinical surveys have become increasingly obvious as cancer morbidity and mortality have steadily increased. This paper discusses a study on the current status of and issues surrounding breast cancer screening in a clinical survey. The study also investigated the patients' awareness of the benefits of breast cancer screening. A secondary aim of the study was to promote mammographic screening.;Subjects and Methods: During the 72 months between April 1999 and March 2005, a total of 36,505 women underwent clinical surveys in our hospital. In October 2002, mammographic examination was included as an optional part of the routine physical examination. We evaluated the results of breast cancer screening with or without mammographic examination and used a questionnaire to investigate the patients' awareness of the benefits of breast cancer screening.;Results: Compared with the pre-2001 results, the detection rate of breast cancer significantly increased after 2003 when physical examination was combined with mammographic examination. Our study also found that both elderly patients and those residing in the suburbs of Sapporo City tended to choose physical examination alone rather than combining it with mammographic examination. An analysis of the questionnaires collected from these patients indicates they had a poor understanding of and lacked awareness of the benefits of mammographic examinations during breast cancer screenings.;Conclusions: The inclusion of mammographic screenings with clinical surveys was found to be significantly useful in the detection of breast cancer. Further continued education is needed for women, particularly the elderly and residents in the suburbs, so they understand the benefits of breast cancer screening by mammographic examination for the early detection of breast cancer and, consequently, decreased mortality of the disease.

"Small-for-size Graft" and "Small-for-size Syndrome" in Living Donor Liver Transplantation

The indications for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) were successfully expanded from pediatric to adult cases last 15 years. During this process, graft type has been shifted from left side liver to right side liver. Although the introduction of right lobe graft can successfully increase the actual graft size in LDLT, problem related to "small-for-size grafts" have gradually come to light. "Small-for-size syndrome", such as poor bile production, delayed synthetic function, prolonged cholestasis, and intractable ascites, leading to septic complications and higher mortality, are neither specific nor inevitable in low-weight liver grafts. Many factors other than actual graft weight contribute to the occurrence of "small-for-size syndrome". In the clinical setting, surgical modification targeting portal hemodynamics and tissue congestion is a key to overcome "small-for-size syndrome". Until now, several therapeutic options were reported, but further elucidation of the pathogenesis in "small-for-size syndrome" will be a solution for improving the outcomes in adult-to-adult LDLT.

The management of donor livers in living related donor liver transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the management of donor livers in partial living liver transplantation.Methods Nine cases of partial living related donor liver transplantation in Kyoto University served as subjects.The donor liver perfusion time and method,and preparation and preservation were studied.Results The donor livers in 9 cases were successfully removed with the liver removal accounting for 20%to 29%of the total livers.The recipients were alive well.Conclusion The donor liver perfusion time and method.and preparation and preservation were the keys in partial living related donor liver transplantation.