ABSTRACT
COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a public health emergency affecting morethan 215 countries worldwide. It originated from Wuhan district of China and in a very short span of time, it has spread rapidlycausing millions of deaths worldwide. India reported its first case on 30thJanuary 2020 and since then the numbers have been increasing exponentially every day. As of 9thAugust 2020, India had recorded 21, 09,631 confirmed cases and 43,379 deaths. Because of the complex dynamics involved in its infection and immunity, proper diagnosis is imperative in order to unravel this ongoing mystery. It has clearly told us the importance of establishing and strengthening a strong network of molecular virology laboratories in the country enabling us to strengthen the diagnostic arm which is the first step in disease control. The addition of serological tests has helped in surveillance and also to estimate the overall burden of disease.
ABSTRACT
Liver detoxifies the various metabolic products inside thebody and converts toxic substance to less toxic by differentphases of detoxification reaction. It play broad-spectrumrole (synthetic, storage, metabolic, protective secretary andExcretory). Sedentary life style, Unhygienic food, adulteratedfood, high dose of alcohol, fatty diet adversely affect the normalfunctioning of liver. Fatty Liver Disease refers to a reversiblecondition in which there is accumulation of triglyceride fatinto intra-cytoplasmic Vacuole. If fatty liver is not treatable attime then it goes to various stages (NAFLD, NASH, Fibrosis,Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma). Diet and aerobicexercise plays an important role in management of Liverdisease. The present article focused on fatty liver disease ismanageable at earlier stage by spreading awareness programamong the individual.
ABSTRACT
Traumatic injury to extrahepatic bile duct system is a rare entity. Associated injuries are usually the indication of surgical exploration, and most of the common bile duct (CBD) injuries are diagnosed intraoperatively. Here, we present a case of a 23-year-old boy with a history of road traffic accident. Intraoperatively there was moderate hemoperitoneum with Grade 3 liver laceration, Grade 1 splenic laceration, laceration of anterior wall of stomach, common hepatic artery tear, and complete transaction of CBD. The principle of damage control surgery followed. Stomach laceration repaired and common hepatic artery ligated. Infant feeding tube placed in a proximal portion of transected CBD and distal portion ligated. The patient was discharged on the 45th day with infant feeding tube draining bile. In follow-up OPD tube cholangiogram followed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography done which showed the formation of a choledochoduodenal fistula. Infant feeding tube removed. The patient did well for next 6 months but after that he presented with jaundice which on evaluation found to be due to stricture of choledochoduodenal fistula. The patient underwent elective cholecystojejunostomy. Miraculous spontaneous formation of choledochoduodenal fistula in traumatic CBD injury and management by cholecystojejunostomy is very less reported in the literature.
ABSTRACT
Tracheostomy is a routine life-saving operative procedure in the event of airway obstruction especially in faciomaxillary injuries. Bleeding is the most common complications of tracheostomy, innominate artery (IA) of normal width reaching second tracheal ring is very rare, and injury to IA can be a catastrophic complication. We reported a case of 40-year-old male presented with profuse bleeding from oral and nasal cavity following road traffic injury. During tracheostomy, there was a sudden forceful gush of blood coming out of incision site, warning a major vessel injury. Right-sided trap door thoracotomy procedure was performed, and the avulsed right IA was repaired as a life-saving procedure.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/surgery , Adult , Brachiocephalic Trunk/injuries , Brachiocephalic Trunk/surgery , Humans , Male , Thoracotomy/methods , Tracheostomy/adverse effects , Tracheostomy/methods , Wounds and Injuries/surgerySubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA ---ISOLATION & , Humans , India , Male , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/pathology , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
In the present study, water buffalo MHC (Bubu)-DRB cDNA was cloned and characterized. The 1022 base long-amplified cDNA product encompassed a single open reading frame of 801 bases that coded for 266 amino acids. The Bubu-DRB sequence showed maximum homology with the BoLA-DRB3*0101 allele of cattle. A total of seven amino acid residues were found to be unique for the Bubu-DRB sequence. The majority of amino acid substitutions was observed in the β1 domain. Residues associated with important functions were mostly conserved. Water buffalo DRB was phylogenetically closer to goat DRB*A.
Subject(s)
Animals , Buffaloes , Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole , DNA, Complementary , Genes, MHC Class IABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the treatable diseases rarely causing Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). Hypoxic respiratory failure is often fatal in miliary tuberculosis and acute tuberculous bronchopneumonia. We describe two patients of tuberculous pneumonia with ARF who were successfully treated with early appropriate anti-tuberculosis therapy.
ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to evaluate the protective efficacy of maternal antibodies in chicks against salmonellosis. Layer chicks ageing 21 days were individually vaccinated with 100 microg of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (BM 1643) toxoid adjuvanted with vitamin E subcutaneously. After 90 days of the primary vaccination the birds were given booster dose of the vaccine. The saline extract of the yolk of eggs laid by the vaccinated birds yielded agglutination and ELISA titres ranging from 43.2 +/- 5.33 to 75.2 +/- 6.26 and 4.987 x 10(3) +/- 0.54 to 5.89x103 +/- 0.56, respectively. Sera of chicks hatched from eggs laid by the vaccinated layers were also subjected to agglutination and ELISA. Agglutination and ELISA titres on the 5th day--post hatching (dph) were 21.6 +/- 1.75 and 4.025 x 10(2) +/- 0.59, while on the 10th dph titers were 13.6 +/- 1.65 and 1.21 x 10(2) +/- 0.60, respectively. It was also observed that only one out of 6 chicks died when challenged with 2 x 10(9) CFU of S. serovar Gallirarum at the age of 7 days showing 83.33% protection. Thus it can be concluded that passive immunity confided by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Weltevreden (BM 1643) toxoid can protect chicks against salmonellosis during their early days of life.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Chickens/immunology , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired , Poultry Diseases/immunology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology , Salmonella Vaccines/administration & dosage , Salmonella enterica/immunology , Toxoids/immunologySubject(s)
Adult , Eosinophilic Granuloma/diagnosis , Female , Granuloma, Respiratory Tract/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
Thoracoscopic thymectomy is feasible in adolescents with myasthenia gravis. It allows complete resection of the gland with less morbidity, shorter ICU and hospital stay and far superior cosmetic result as compared to trans-sternal thymectomy. Our experience with this procedure in 9 adolescents with myasthenia gravis is presented along with review of the relevant literature.