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@#Objective To evaluate the risk factors for postoperative in-hospital mortality in elderly patients receiving cardiac valvular surgery, and develop a new prediction models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-logistic regression. Methods The patients≥65 years who underwent cardiac valvular surgery from 2016 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry (CCSR). The patients who received the surgery from January 2016 to June 2018 were allocated to a training set, and the patients who received the surgery from July to December 2018 were allocated to a testing set. The risk factors for postoperative mortality were analyzed and a LASSO-logistic regression prediction model was developed and compared with the EuroSCOREⅡ. Results A total of 7 163 patients were collected in this study, including 3 939 males and 3 224 females, with a mean age of 69.8±4.5 years. There were 5 774 patients in the training set and 1 389 patients in the testing set. Overall, the in-hospital mortality was 4.0% (290/7 163). The final LASSO-logistic regression model included 7 risk factors: age, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, combined coronary artery bypass grafting, creatinine clearance rate, cardiopulmonary bypass time, New York Heart Association cardiac classification. LASSO-logistic regression had a satisfying discrimination and calibration in both training [area under the curve (AUC)=0.785, 0.627] and testing cohorts (AUC=0.739, 0.642), which was superior to EuroSCOREⅡ. Conclusion The mortality rate for elderly patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery is relatively high. LASSO-logistic regression model can predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients receiving cardiac valvular surgery.
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PURPOSE@#Static progressive stretch (SPS) can be applied to treat chronic joint stiffness. However, the impacts of subacute application of SPS to the distal lower limbs, where deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common, on venous thromboembolism remain unclear. This study aims to explore the risk of venous thromboembolism events following subacute application of SPS.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients diagnosed with DVT following a lower extremity orthopedic surgery before being transferred to the rehabilitation ward from May 2017 to May 2022. Patients with unilateral lower limb comminuted para-articular fractures, transferred to rehabilitation ward for further treatment within 3 weeks after operation, followed up more than 12 weeks since initial manual physiotherapy, and diagnosed DVT by ultrasound before rehabilitation course were included in the study. Patients with polytrauma, without evidence of previous peripheral vascular disease or incompetence, had medication for thrombosis treatment or prophylaxis before the operation, detected with paralysis due to nervous system impairment, infected after operation during the regime, or with acute progression of DVT were excluded. The included patients were randomized to the standard physiotherapy and the SPS integrated groups for observation. Associated DVT and pulmonary embolism data were collected during the physiotherapy course to compare the groups. SSPS 28.0 and GraphPad Prism 9 were used for data processing. A p < 0.05 was set significant difference.@*RESULTS@#In total of 154 patients with DVT participating in this study, 75 of them were treated with additional SPS for postoperative rehabilitation. The participants in the SPS group showed improved range of motion (12.3° ± 6.7°). However, in the SPS group, there was no difference in thrombosis volume between the start and termination (p = 0.106, p = 0.787, respectively), although difference was seen intra-therapy (p < 0.001). Contingency analysis revealed the pulmonary embolism incidence (OR = 0.703) in the SPS group compared to the mean physiotherapy.@*CONCLUSION@#The SPS technique is a safe and reliable option to prevent potential joint stiffness without aggravating the risk of distal DVT for postoperative patients suffering from relevant trauma.
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Humans , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Lower Extremity , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Gliomas are commonly central nervous system tumors. The conventional treatment is surgical resection combined with chemoradiotherapy， but glioma patients often have a poor prognosis. Therefore， there is an urgent need to identify new potential targets in gliomas and develop more effective treatments. Valproic acid has the properties of histone deacetylase inhibitor， which has been proven to have inhibitory effects on various tumors. It is confirmed that valproic acid could promote apoptosis and cell arrest of glioma cells， inhibit cell invasion and glioma stem cells， increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy by regulating ERK/Akt signaling pathway， Akt/mTOR signaling pathway， and regulating expression levels of RECK， MGMT， Nrf2， PON2， Smad4， GSK3β and other proteins. In addition， valproic acid can also enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by inhibiting the growth of glioma stem cells and inducing their differentiation. In conclusion， valproic acid can inhibit glioma through multiple targeted actions， and may become a new targeted drug for the treatment of glioma.
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Objective:To establish and evaluate a nomogram for long-term survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) after radical resection.Methods:The data of ICC patients who underwent radical resection for the first time at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 167 patients who were enrolled, there were 104 males and 63 females, with the age of (60.3±10.9) years. Tumor tissues were collected for immunohistochemical staining and interpretation. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to analyze influencing factors of postoperative long-term survival after ICC. R software was used to construct a nomogram in predicting ICC prognosis.Results:Cox regression analysis showed that TNM staging, poorly differentiated tumor, positive resection margin, positive mucin 5 expression and abnormal P53 expression to be independent risk factors associated with poor long-term survival after radical resection. The prognostic nomogram model of ICC was constructed based on these factors. The C-index was 0.821. The nomogram model consistency index had a high degree of prognostic differentiation. The 45° diagonal of the 3-year postoperative calibration curve which represented the actual survival fitted well with the segmented line which represented the predicted survival of the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram model was higher than that of AJCC TNM staging (0.894 vs. 0.803, z=4.10, P<0.001). The nomogram model was more effective in predicting postoperative survival of ICC patients than the TNM staging. Conclusion:TNM staging, poorly differentiated tumor, positive resection margin, positive mucin 5 expression and abnormal P53 expression were independent risk factors for postoperative survival of ICC. The nomogram model could better evaluate long-term prognosis of ICC patients after radical resection than the traditional TNM staging system.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effect of Chinese medicine on the structure and function of testicular Sertoli cells in animal models of impaired spermatogenesis. MethodThe databases， such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI），VIP，Wanfang Data，EMbase，and Pubmed，were searched for experimental studies on the effect of Chinese medicine on the structure and function of testicular Sertoli cells in animal models with impaired spermatogenesis. The included studies were evaluated for risks of bias，and the outcome indicators were analyzed with RevMan and Stata software. ResultThirty studies were included，involving 37 randomized controlled trials （RCTs）. As indicated by the Meta-analysis results， compared with the model group，Chinese medicine increased sperm density（SMD=2.42，95% confidence interval（CI）［1.47，3.37］，P<0.000 01）， promoted sperm motility（SMD=2.35，95%CI ［1.70， 2.99］，P<0.000 01）， up-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of Vimentin （related to Sertoli cell cytoskeleton）， elevated the levels of Occludin and Claudin-11 （related to tight junction of blood-testis barrier）， boosted the levels of β-catenin and N-cadherin （related to adherens junction of blood-testis barrier）， raised the level of connexin 43 （Cx43， related to gap junction of blood-testis barrier）， improved the function of Sertoli cells， increased the serum content of Inhibin B （INHB）， and up-regulated the levels of testicular follicle-stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR）， INHB mRNA， androgen-binding protein （ABP） mRNA， transferrin（TF），stem cell factor（SCF），SCF mRNA，glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF），GDNF mRNA，bone morphogenetic protein 4（BMP4），and BMP4 mRNA （P<0.05）. ConclusionChinese medicine can effectively increase sperm density and motility of animal models of impaired spermatogenesis，and improve the structure and function of testicular Sertoli cells. However，affected by the quality of the included studies，the above conclusion needs to be further verified by relevant high-quality studies.
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Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast with unique physiological and metabolic characteristics. It is suitable for production of various products due to its natural ability to utilize a variety of inexpensive carbon sources, excellent tolerance to low pH, and strong ability to secrete metabolites. Currently, Y. lipolytica has been demonstrated to produce a wide range of carboxylic acids with high efficiency. This article summarized the progress in engineering Y. lipolytica to produce various carboxylic acids by using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches. The current bottlenecks and solutions for high-level production of carboxylic acids by engineered Y. lipolytica were also discussed, with the aim to provide useful information for relevant studies in this field.
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Carboxylic Acids/metabolism , Metabolic Engineering , Synthetic Biology , Yarrowia/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Nucleolar protein 6 (NOL6) is a nucleolar RNA-associated protein that is highly conserved between species. It has been proved to be associated with the prognosis of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully established. This study aimed to assess the relationship between NOL6 and liver cancer prognosis.@*METHODS@#We constructed an NOL6-short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing lentivirus. Through viral transfection, cell growth assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we evaluated the effect of shRNA-mediated NOL6 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The relationship between NOL6 expression and HCC patient survival has been established through bioinformatics analysis. We also explored the downstream molecular regulatory network of NOL6 in HCC by performing an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in the database.@*RESULTS@#Increased NOL6 expression was detected in HCC cells compared to normal controls; HCC patients with high NOL6 expression had poorer prognoses than those with low expression. NOL6 knockdown inhibited HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and colony formation. Also, MAPK8, CEBPA, and FOSL1 were selected as potential downstream genes of NOL6.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NOL6 up-regulates HCC cell proliferation and affects downstream expression of related genes. Moreover, NOL6 is considered to be associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients.
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Humans , Apoptosis/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Nuclear Proteins , PrognosisABSTRACT
Tumor has become the second most serious disease that threatens human health and life. Treating with chemical drugs (referred to as chemotherapy) is the most basic treatment, but most chemotherapeutic drugs cause damage to normal tissues. It is a difficult problem in the field of biomedical research that how to deliver anti-tumor drugs more efficiently, increase the concentration of drugs in tumor tissues, enhance the anti-tumor effect, and decrease the drug distribution in normal tissues to weaken the damage to normal tissues. In order to achieve the goals of accurate delivery of anti-tumor drugs and synergism and attenuation, the researchers used systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology (SELEX technology) to screen aptamers that can specifically target tumor markers or tumor cells, and designed the novel liposome targeting drug delivery system with aptamers as targeting molecules (ligands). This paper briefly introduced nucleic acid aptamer technology and common tumor markers, and reviewed the research advances on the antitumor effect of aptamer-liposome drug delivery system. It will provide references for the selection of appropriate tumor markers as targets and the application of aptamer technology in the research and development of high-efficiency and low-toxicity liposome targeting agents of anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine. Meanwhile, it is of great significance for promoting the application of aptamer technology in targeted drug delivery systems.
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Clinical features of and genetic mutations in two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ⅰ a(PHP Ⅰ a) with early-onset skin nodules were analyzed.Both of the two patients were males,and their ages at onset were 2 and 3 months respectively.They both presented with early-onset skin nodules as the main clinical manifestation,and were clinically characterized by a round face,short neck and early obesity.Histopathological examination of skin lesions showed subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis in both patients.The first patient had low blood calcium,high blood phosphorus,high parathyroid hormone (PTH),and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.399delT causing a T base deletion at position 399 in exon 5 of the GNAS gene.The second patient had normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels as well as normal PTH levels at early stage,and gene sequencing showed a heterozygous mutation c.939delT causing a T base deletion at position 939 in exon 9 of the GNAS gene.The blood PTH level was found to increase in the second patient after 1-year follow-up.Both the patients were confirmedly diagnosed with PHP Ⅰa.After treatment with vitamin D3,no new skin nodules occurred,and the blood calcium and phosphorus levels returned to normal.
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In recent years,the application of humanities curricula has gained increasing attention gradually in Chinese medical education.For graduate students in oncology who have just been exposed to the actual clinical work,it is extremely important to develop the comprehensive abilities of physician-patient communication,humanistic care and self psychological dredging.Since 2012,we have conducted humanities curriculum by narrative-based instruction for the clinical intern graduate students in oncology at the department of surgical oncology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,and a good teaching result has been gained.This kind of humanities curricula based on open discussion could be an effective way to improve physician-patient communication ability and reduce the clinical psychology pressure for the graduate students in oncology.
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Unreasonable growth of total health expenditure at various extent has been found to be prevalent among many countries for a long time. Thus how to deal with this global public health challenge has become a hot topic among the consumers, providers, and payers alike. Echoing the global trend of value-based healthcare, value-based management of total health expenditure could be a direction of cost containment in the future. Through promoting the rational development of healthcare industry, assisting the decision-making of health insurance authority, improving health authority′s supervision of health technology allocation and utilization, maximizing resource utilization efficiency at hospitals, standardizing physician practices, guiding patients′ medication preferences and behaviors, health technology assessment could mobilize stakeholders′ participation in the value-based management of total health expenditure and serve as an important decision-making tool to optimize the allocation and utilization of scarce health resources, reducing and avoiding waste in healthcare sector, and promoting high-value and sustainable development of total health expenditure.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of taraxerol on autophagy of breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro, and explore the related mechanisms. Method: The effect of various doses of taraxerol (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 μmol·L-1) on proliferation of MCF-7 cells was detected by methye thiazolye telrazlium (MTT) assay. The autophagy-inducing effect of taraxerol was observed by acridine orange staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunofluorescence. The expressions of autophagy-related proteins and the changes of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined by Western blot analysis. Result: The viability of MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by taraxerol. Acridine orange staining indicated that the acidic lysosomes increased significantly after treatment with taraxerol in MCF-7 cells. The autophagic structure in the treated group was observed by TEM. Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in the cells of the drug group was increased. Western blot demonstrated that the protein expressions of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were increased in taraxerol-treated MCF-7 cells (PP-1 taraxerol group, combination group (taraxerol + 3-methyladenine, 3-MA) showed the down-regulation of LC3-Ⅱ in the MCF-7 cells (PPPConclusion: Taraxerol can induce autophagy in MCF-7 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway.
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Unreasonable growth of total health expenditure at various extent has been found to be prevalent among many countries for a long time. Thus how to deal with this global public health challenge has become a hot topic among the consumers, providers, and payers alike. Echoing the global trend of value-based healthcare, value-based management of total health expenditure could be a direction of cost containment in the future. Through promoting the rational development of healthcare industry, assisting the decision-making of health insurance authority, improving health authority′s supervision of health technology allocation and utilization, maximizing resource utilization efficiency at hospitals, standardizing physician practices, guiding patients′ medication preferences and behaviors, health technology assessment could mobilize stakeholders′participation in the value-based management of total health expenditure and serve as an important decision-making tool to optimize the allocation and utilization of scarce health resources, reducing and avoiding waste in healthcare sector, and promoting high-value and sustainable development of total health expenditure.
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Objectives:To analyze the effectsof family doctor contracting service on the integration of medical care and prevention and its mechanism. Methods:Based on the representative sampling, 541 family doctors from seven districts were surveyed, and focus group and personal interviews were conducted withfamily doctors and other relevant informants. Descriptive statistical analysis was mainly used to analyze quantitative data and NVIVO 9. 0 was used for encoded qualitative data. Results ; Different contracted service models have different effects on medical protection on medical care and prevention. The contractingservice with the family doctor is helpful to facilitate the integration of medical care and preventive treatment ; the signing service that helps the team members to get effective incentives and personal paid contracts can help promote the combination of medical defense and preventive treatment ; whereby the service content includes basic medical treatment. Moreover, signing a family doctor contract with public health services can also help promote medical integration. Suggestions :Family doctor contracting services should implement team and individual contracted services. Designing a comprehensive service package that integrates basic public health service projects and basic medical and personalized health management services should be prioritized to reflect the concept of covered medical care and preventive treatment. A new approach to explore the path of integration of basic public health and medical insurance fundsshould be found to strengthen the combination of medical and preventive measures, and promote the transformation of general practitioners from service gatekeepers to health gatekeepers.
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Objectives:This paper intends to analyze the financing policies of integrating NCMS and URBMI in terms of equity. Methods:Data on the financing of NCMS and URBMI from 2008 to 2015 were collected from the China health statistics yearbook (2009—2012) the China health and Family Planning Statistics yearbook(2013—2016),the National Handbook of NCMS Information(2008—2015),the China human resources and social security statistics year-book (2009—2016),and the China social security yearbook(2009—2015)."Ability to pay"approach was introduced to measure the inequity in health financing of medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The proportion of indi-vidual contributions as to NCMS and URBMI as a percentage of the per capita disposable income was used as an actual indicator to analyze the equity in health financing between rural and urban residents. Results:The URBMI had a finan-cing mechanism that was similar to that used by NCMS in that public finance accounted for more than three quarters of the pooling funds,and the individual contribution accounts for less than? of the per capita contribution amount. The scale of financing for NCMS was less than 5% of the per capita net income of rural residents and less than 2% of the per capita disposable income of urban residents for URBMI. Individual contributions to the NCMS and URBMI funds were less than 1% of their disposable and net incomes. The disparities in health financing between urban and rural resi-dents in China was not improved as expected with the introduction of NCMS and URBMI. Conclusions:The proportion of individual contributions to the URBMI and NCMS funds were small in terms of contributors'incomes. The equal financing per capita for URBMI and NCMS masks the inequality of urban and rural residents in the financing of medical insurance.
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Objective To investigate the closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires on treating supracondylar fracture of humerus in children.Methods One hundred and six patients with supracondylar fracture of humerus in Osteopathic Hospital of Nanyang City from June 2010 to July 2015were divided into control group and observation group.Fifty patients in the control group were given closed replacement via external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires,while fifty-six patients in the observation were given closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires.The visual analogue scales(VAS) score was recorded in the two groups before and after treatment.The curative effect was evaluated by Flynn elbow function evaluation standard and the incidence of postoperative complication was compared between the two groups.Results All the patients were followed up for 3-24 months.The time of fracture healing in the control group and the observation group was (6.0 ± 1.0) weeks and (5.6 ± 1.0) weeks respectively,there was no significant difference in the time of fracture healing between the two groups(P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the VAS score before treatment in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment the VAS score in the two groups was lower than that before treatment(P ＜ 0.05),and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).The therapeutic efficiency in the control group and the observation group was 74.00％ (37/50) and 91.07％(51/56),respectively.The therapeutic efficiency in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(x2 =5.461,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complication in the control group and the observation group was 16.00％ (8/50) and 3.57％ (2/56),respectively.The incidence of postoperative complication in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (x2 =4.624,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Comparing with the treatment of closed replacement via external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires,therapeutic efficiency of the closed replacement via internal and external crossed fixation with three kirschner wires in treating children supracondylar fracture of humerus is more obviously and the incidence of postoperative complication is lower.
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Objective To understand the current status of human resources of parasitic disease control and prevention orga-nizations in Henan Province,so as to provide the reference for promoting the integrative ability of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in Henan Province.Methods The questionnaires were designed and the method of census was adopted.The information,such as the amounts,majors,education background,technical titles,working years,and turnover in each parasit-ic disease control and prevention organization was collected by the centers for disease control and prevention(CDCs)at all lev-els.The data were descriptively analyzed.Results Totally 179 CDCs were investigated,in which only 19.0%(34/179)had the independent parasitic diseases control institution(department).There were only 258 full-time staffs working on parasitic disease control and prevention in the whole province,in which only 61.9%(159/258)were health professionals.Those with junior col-lege degree or below in the health professionals accounted for 60.3%(96/159).Most of them(42.1%)had over 20 years of expe-rience,but 57.9%(92/159)of their technical post titles were at primary level or below. Conclusions The proportion of the health professionals is low in the parasitic disease control and prevention organizations in Henan Province.The human resource construction for parasitic disease control and prevention at all levels should be strengthened.
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A"3+2"standardized training program of assistant general practitioner was launched in Shanghai Jiading District in 2012 in order to train new medical talent in suburb area.The program was developed through the jointed efforts among the government,medical school and train bases.The model was designed as training assistant general practitioners with distinctive sequential education process in different levels and stages.After five years of practice,the"3+2"standardized training program of assistant general practitioner has accomplished its goal,which provides a reference for training assistant general practitioners in Shanghai Municipality.
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The application of continuous quality improvement program in standardized residency training examination in the central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading was introduced to inquire into the way to improve the quality of standardized training of resident doctors. Through the steps of FOCUS-PDCA, we continuously improved the examination content and quality compliance training personnel, and developed the examination process including test, training, supervision, learning and using. After the implementation of the project, the percentage of the departments that meet the residency training examination requirements has been increased from 33.3%to 100%in our hospital. The percentage of the students that passed the licensed medical skills examination was 96.6%in that year. 100%of the students passed the graduation comprehen-sive examination. Year-end evaluation showed that the students' satisfaction degree to the teachers increased from 94.5%to 98.2%. Thus, through the implementation of CQI project, we achieved the goal of promoting teaching and promoting learning.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of 3-methyladenine (3-MA) combined with trichostatin A (TSA) on triple-negative breast cancer cells and the mechanism involved.METHODS: The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by MTT assay, the migration ability was determined by scratch assay, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was detected by Western blot.RESULTS: TSA significantly inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.The results of scratch assay showed that TSA inhibited cell migration ability.Western blot data indicated that TSA resulted in a moderate increase in LC3-Ⅱ expression.Moreover, 3-MA inhibited cell autophagy induced by TSA, and combination of 3-MA and TSA further inhibited the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells.CONCLUSION: Combination of 3-MA and TSA may effectively inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells.