ABSTRACT
En este artículo se revisó sobre inteligencia artificial (IA) y su aplicación en el campo odontológico. El objetivo fue revisar la evidencia sobre inteligencia artificial y su aplicación en las diferentes especialidades odontológicas. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Medline/PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science desde el año 2017 al 2021. Se encontraron 321 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 62, que mostraron la aplicación de la IA en seis especialidades: periodoncia, implantología, odontología forense, medicina y patología oral, ortodoncia y diagnóstico/cariología/endodoncia. Se encontró que la especialidad con más artículos sobre el tópico de IA fue la de diagnóstico/cariología/ endodoncia y el tipo de inteligencia artificial que más se utilizó fue el de red neural convolucional. Se concluyó que la IA se está utilizando ampliamente en odontología demostrando resultados prometedores ya que muestran una precisión equivalente a la de diferentes especialistas capacitados y en algunos casos superan los errores humanos demostrando excelentes resultados.
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the dental field was reviewed in this article. The objective was to review the evidence on artificial intelligence and its application in the different dental specialties. A search was carried out on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases from 2017 to 2021. Three hundred and twenty-one articles were found, of which 62 were selected and allowed the application of AI in six specialties: periodontology, implantology, forensic dentistry, oral medicine and pathology, orthodontics and diagnostic/cariology/endodontics. The specialty of diagnosis/caryology/ endodontics had more articles on the topic of AI and convolution neural network was the type of AI most used. It was concluded that AI is being widely used in dentistry showing promising results as they show an accuracy equivalent to that of different trained specialists and in some cases they overcome human errors showing excellent results.
ABSTRACT
Currently type 2 diabetes and obesity behave as epidemic diseases. Medical treatment achieved adequate metabolic control in a insufficient number of patients and is not exempt of complications. Mean while the group of diabetics with severe and morbid obesity that have been submitted to bariatric surgery have evolved mostly with remission of their diabetes inmedium and long term, so that surgery has become the first choice of treatment. There mision that ensue early in the postoperatory, is not only explained by weight loss, other mechanisms ligated to anatomic and functional changes mediated by surgery are under research. There is a great interest to explore new treatment options for type 2 diabetes including surgery, for patients with mild to severe obesity, with very good initial results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Body Mass Index , /surgery , Gastric Bypass , Bariatric SurgeryABSTRACT
The antimicrobial sensibility of Escherichia coli strains isolated from the uterine content of bitches was evaluated. Fifteen E. coli strains were tested in relation to their susceptibility to different antimicrobials. The results demonstrated 100 percent of resistance to all tested drugs, being a quite conflicting finding compared to other works, which observed variable resistance of those bacteria to different antimicrobials but not the same multi-resistance pattern. The detection of those multi-resistance strains configures a problem, with important implications on the antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, additional investigations for a best characterization and extension of this problem are needed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Drug Resistance , Uterine Diseases/veterinary , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methodsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to compare growth retardation frequency, and 24-h food intake data of children with or without positive Montenegro (leishmanin) test, examined in Porteirinha town, Brazil. Daily nutrient intake was determined by 24-h food intake recall and the anthropometric data were compared to the standard values from WHO. Montenegro-positive (n = 9) and Montenegro-negative (n = 17) groups showed similar age (5.5 +/- 1.9 vs 6.7 +/- 2.3y), and energy (1,456.8 +/- 314.8 vs 1,316.2 +/- 223.8kcal) and protein (50.4 +/- 16.7 vs 49.9 +/- 13.9g) daily consumption, respectively. Montenegro-positive children had higher percentage of stunting than their Montenegro-negative counterparts (44.4 vs 5.9), suggesting that previous Leishmania sp infection had negative impact on children's nutritional status.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a ingestão alimentar habitual e a freqüência de retardo do crescimento de crianças com reação intradérmica positiva para leishmaniose (Montenegro-positivas), com um grupo Montenegro-negativo. A ingestão alimentar habitual foi avaliada pelo recordatório de 24 horas e o retardo do crescimento definido segundo critérios da OMS. Crianças Montenegro-positivo (n = 9) e Montenegro-negativo (n = 17) ingeriam, respectivamente, quantidades similares de energia (1456,8 ± 314,8 vs 1316,2 ± 223,8kcal/dia) e proteínas (50,4 ± 16,7 vs 49,9 ± 13,9g/dia). Déficit de altura foi mais comum em crianças Montenegro-positivas (44,4 vs 5,9). Estes dados sugerem que a infecção prévia pela Leishmania sp afeta desfavoravelmente o estado nutricional de crianças vivendo em área endêmica.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Failure to Thrive/etiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Eating , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Skin TestsABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se determino la fraccion de Pb, Cd, Mn y Fe en las particulas respirables del Centro de Caracas.Las muestras recolectadas con un equipo de alto volumen, equipado con un impactador en cascada, fueron digeridas y luego analizadas por absorcion atomica. Ademas de las muestras del Centro de Caracas, se analizaron las particulas recolectadas a la salida de un tunel con alta densidad de trafico. Basandose en los resultados del tunel (representativo de las emisiones de los vehiculos automotores), los factores de enriquecimiento con respecto a la corteza terrestre, la distribucion de tamano (D.M.M.) y los resultados reportados en la literatura se concluye que: I) en Caracas las particulas inhalables capaces de penetrar hasta los pulmones se encuentran muy contaminadas en Pb. II) los niveles de Cd son superiores a los naturales y el enriquecimiento es atribuible a las emisiones de los incineradores. III) el Mn y el Fe se encuentran asociados a particulas grandes y la fuente mas probable es la recirculacion del polvo del suelo
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Cadmium , Iron , Lead , Manganese , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 68 anos de edad con un cuadro de granulocitopenia por hipoplasia medular de probable etiologia medicamentosa en el curso de la cual desarrolla una sepsis a S. Aureus con abscesos metastasicos en piel (gomas estafilococcicos). Se efectua una revision de los aspectos epidemiologicos, patogenicos y clinicos de la septicemia estafilococica y una recopilacion de las manifestaciones de las manifestaciones tegumentarias comunmente descriptas en la infeccion sistemica por dicho microorganismo, destacandose la importancia de su diagnostico precoz