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Objective@#To investigate the incidence trend of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Yantian District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2022, and the effects of age, period, and cohort on STDs incidence, so as to provide the basis for formulating control measures for STDs.@*Methods@#Data of reported STDs cases (syphilis, gonorrhea, genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections, condyloma acuminatum and genital herpes) among population aged 15 to 64 years in Yantian District from 2008 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The temporal and population distribution of STDs were descriptively analyzed. Trends in incidence of STDs were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). Impacts of age, period and cohort on the incidence of STDs were analyzed by an age-period-cohort model.@*Results@#A total of 6 156 cases of STDs aged 15 to 64 years were reported from 2008 to 2022, and the average annual incidence was 229.92/105. The overall incidence showed an upward trend (AAPC=2.409%, P<0.05), and an upward trend among females (AAPC=5.846%, P<0.05), but the trend was not statistically significant among males (AAPC=0.193%, P>0.05). The incidence of STDs showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend with the increase of age. The incidence trend among males was consistent with the overall population, reaching its peak in the age group of 30 to 34 years (371.04/105), while the incidence among females showed an increasing trend with the increase of age, peaking in the age group of 60 to 64 years (442.15/105). Compared with 2013-2017, the incidence risk of STDs showed an increasing trend in 2018-2022 (RR=1.349, 95%CI: 1.217-1.495). Compared with the birth cohort of 1975-1979, the incidence risk of STDs in 1980-2005 birth cohort showed an increasing trend, with the highest incidence risk in 2000-2004 birth cohort (RR=4.178, 95%CI: 2.717-6.423).@*Conclusions@#The overall incidence of STDs among residents aged 15 to 64 years in Yantian District from 2008 to 2022 appeared a tendency towards a rise. Age, period and cohort all had impacts on the incidence, with a greater effect among females than males.
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Objective To investigate the imaging features of intestinal schwannoma(IS)in order to improve the diagnostic ability of the disease.Methods The clinical and imaging data of 14 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed IS were retrospectively analyzed,including the location,size,morphology,nature,growth pattern,CT density,MRI signal,PET/CT metabolism and other characteristics of the tumors.Results Of the 14 IS cases,the lesions of 3 cases were located in the duodenum,2 cases in the cecum,8 cases in the colon and 1 case in the rectum.The lesions were all round or oval,with an average maximum diameter of(2.4±1.1)cm.The lesions were solid in 13 cases,extraluminal growth in 10 cases,cystic degeneration in 1 case and myxoid degeneration in 1 case.Chronic inflammatory lymph nodes were seen around the diseased intestines in 9 cases,and the short diameter of lymph nodes was greater than 5 mm in 6 cases.All 14 cases of IS showed low attenuation on plain CT scan,and progressive enhancement after contrast injection,including 1 case of mild enhancement,2 cases of moderate enhancement,and 11 cases of obvious enhancement.Two cases of IS showed low signal intensity on T1WI,slightly high signal intensity on T2WI,significantly high signal intensity on DWI,and obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection on MRI.Two cases of IS showed high metabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and the SUVmax was 9.4 and 8.8,respectively.Conclusion The imaging findings of IS were characteristic to a certain extent.They mainly manifested as solid nodules or masses derived from the intestinal submucosa,with uniform attenuation or signal intensity,obvious progressive enhancement after contrast injection,obvious hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG-PET/CT,and slightly larger homogeneous lymph nodes were common around the lesions.
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OBJECTIVES@#Based on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and common laboratory test indexes, this study aimed to construct a predictive scoring system for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD).@*METHODS@#Children hospitalized in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2021 to March 2023 were included in the study (185 cases of IVIG-sensitive KD and 41 cases of IVIG -resistant KD). Forty-six healthy children matched for age and gender were selected as controls. The relative percentage and absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predictive factors for IVIG-resistant KD and to construct a predictive scoring system for predicting IVIG-resistant KD.@*RESULTS@#The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4+ T cell absolute count, natural killer cell absolute count, serum sodium level, globulin level, and total bilirubin level were identified as predictive factors for IVIG-resistant KD (P<0.05). The predictive scoring system based on these factors achieved a sensitivity of 70.7% and a specificity of 83.8% in predicting IVIG-resistant KD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets can serve as predictive indicators for IVIG-resistant KD in children. The introduction of this indicator and the establishment of a scoring system based on it can provide a higher accuracy in predicting IVIG-resistant KD in children.
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Child , Humans , Infant , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy , Lymphocyte Count , Lymphocyte Subsets , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the accuracy of cardiac troponin (cTn) levels in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and explore a potential strategy for improving the diagnostic accuracy.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with high-risk chest pain admitted in Zhujiang Hospital from January, 2018 to December, 2020, including 126 patients with and 272 patients without CKD, and 122 patients diagnosed to have AMI and 276 patients without AMI. The baseline clinical data of the patients and blood test results within 12 h after admission were collected.@*RESULTS@#In patients without AMI, cTnT level was significantly higher in those with co-morbid CKD than in those without CKD (P < 0.001), and showed a moderate negative correlation with eGFR (rs=- 0.501, P < 0.001), while cTnI level did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.72). In patients with CKD, the optimal cutoff level was 0.177 μg/L for cTnT and 0.415 ng/mL for cTnI for diagnosis of AMI, for which cTnI had a higher specificity than cTnT. The diagnostic model combining both cTnT and cTnI levels [P=eY/(1+ eY), Y=6.928 (cTnT)-0.5 (cTnI)-1.491] had a higher AUC value than cTn level alone.@*CONCLUSION@#In CKD patients, the cutoff level of cTn is increased for diagnosing AMI, and cTnI has a higher diagnostic specificity than cTnT. The combination of cTnT and cTnI levels may further improve diagnostic efficacy for AMI.
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Humans , Retrospective Studies , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Comorbidity , Troponin T , Troponin I , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , BiomarkersABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration changes on platelet release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin (TSP)-1 in patients with decompensated cirrhotic portal hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. Methods: 169 cases with cirrhotic portal hypertension were enrolled, of which 81 cases received TIPS treatment. LPS, VEGF, and TSP-1 concentrations with different Child-Pugh class in peripheral blood plasma of patients were measured. After pre-incubation of normal human platelets with different concentrations of LPS and stimulated by collagen in vitro, platelet PAC-1 expression rate, VEGF, and TSP-1 concentrations were detected. PAC-1 expression rate and the concentrations of LPS, VEGF and TSP-1 in peripheral blood plasma of patients before and after TIPS procedure were detected. The relationship between plasma LPS, VEGF and TSP-1 concentrations and Child-Pugh score changes in patients after TIPS procedure was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, one-way ANOVA or Pearson's rho according to different data. Results: Plasma LPS and TSP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in Child-Pugh class C patients than class A and B, but the concentration of plasma VEGF was significantly lower than class A and B (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments showed that concentration of LPS, TSP-1, and platelet PAC-1 expression rate was higher in the supernatant, but the difference in the concentration of VEGF in the supernatant was not statistically significant. Portal vein pressure and platelet activation were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in patients after TIPS procedure. Portal venous pressure, platelet activation, plasma LPS, and TSP-1 levels were significantly decreased continuously, while VEGF levels were significantly increased continuously after TIPS procedure. Plasma LPS concentration was positively correlated with TSP-1 concentration (r = 0.506, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with VEGF concentration (r = -0.167, P = 0.010). Child-Pugh score change range was negatively correlated with change range of plasma VEGF concentration (r = -0.297, P = 0.016), and positively correlated with change range of plasma TSP-1 concentration (r = 0.145, P = 0.031) after TIPS. Conclusion: Portal venous pressure gradient, plasma LPS concentration and corresponding platelet activation was decreased in cirrhotic portal hypertension after TIPS procedure, and with TSP-1 reduction and VEGF elevation it is possible to reduce the liver function injury caused by portal venous shunt.
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Humans , Blood Platelets , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Lipopolysaccharides , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Plasma , Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic/adverse effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor AABSTRACT
This manuscript aims to investigate the effects of resibufogenin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and its related mechanisms. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of resibufogenin on the growth of four hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the migration and invasion ability of resibufogenin on MHCC-97H cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of migration and invasion related proteins in MHCC-97H cells treated with different concentrations of resibufogenin. The results showed that resibufogenin significantly inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values on MHCC-97H, HepG2, SK-Hep-1 and Huh-7 cells were 0.55 ± 0.06, 2.83 ± 0.24, 5.25 ± 0.49, 14.89 ± 2.28 μmol·L-1, respectively. Resibufogenin also suppressed the migration and invasion of MHCC-97H cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein expression of integrin α2, integrin α6, integrin β1, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and transcription factor Twist in MHCC-97H cells were decreased significantly with the increase of the concentration of resibufogenin, while the protein expression of E-cadherin increased. In addition, we found that p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratios were significantly reduced after treatment with resibufogenin. In conclusion, resibufogenin can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma MHCC-97H cells in vitro, which is related to the regulation of intracellular migration and invasion protein expression and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Solid dispersion, a dispersion system in which drug molecules are highly dispersed in carrier materials, has been commonly used to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The miscibility between drug and carrier is crucial to improve the dissolution performance and stability of solid dispersion. Therefore, the selection of carrier types and the optimization of drug loading are very important. In the current study, the solubility parameter method and Flory-Huggins theory were used to predict the miscibility between olaparib (OLP) and different carriers (VA64, Soluplus, Plasdone S630 and Kollidon K29/32). Besides, the carrier material with good miscibility was experimentally screened by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimum of drug-carrier ratio was further performed based on the miscibility phase diagram of drug and carrier. Theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation showed that the miscibility of OLP and VA64 was the best, and the drug loading of 30% could meet the requirements of large drug loading and physical stability. Polarizing light microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and laser confocal Raman spectroscopy exhibited that OLP was amorphous form in the solid dispersion system. Powder dissolution test demonstrated that the solid dispersion showed significantly enhanced dissolution rate in comparison to crystalline OLP. In this study, theoretical calculation and experimental evaluation were used to screen the types of carriers and optimize the drug loading, which provides an efficient strategy for the selection of carrier and the amount used in solid dispersion.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive medical expulsive therapy (MET) with tamsulosin for the promotion of stone fragments clearance for repeated extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Materials and Methods: This meta-analysis was conducted by systematic search for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases in January 2020, which compared tamsulosin with either placebo or non-placebo control for repeated ESWL. The primary endpoint was stone-free rate (SFR), the second endpoints were stone clearance time and complications. The quality assessment of included studies was performed by using the Cochrane System and Jadad score. Results: 7 RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Tamsulosin provided higher SFR (for stones larger than 1cm, OR: 5.56, p=0.0003), except for patients with stones less than 1cm. For patients with renal stones (OR: 2.97, p=0.0005) or upper ureteral stones (OR: 3.10, p=0.004), tamsulosin can also provide a higher SFR. In addition, tamsulosin provided a shorter stone clearance time (WMD: −9.40, p=0.03) and lower pain intensity (WMD=-17.01, p <0.0001) and incidences of steinstrasse (OR: 0.37, p=0.0002). Conclusion: Adjunctive MET with tamsulosin is effective in patients with specific stone size or location that received repeated ESWL. However, no well-designed RCT that used computed tomography for the detection and assessment of residual stone fragments was found. More studies with high quality and the comparison between tamsulosin and secondary ESWL are needed in the future.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lithotripsy , Kidney Calculi/therapy , Ureteral Calculi/drug therapy , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment Outcome , TamsulosinABSTRACT
Compared with crystalline drugs, their amorphous forms present long-range disordered molecular arrangements, and often exhibit higher apparent solubility and dissolution. However, several small molecule amorphous drugs may exhibit gelation phenomenon during the dissolution process, and show abnormal dissolution behavior with significantly lower dissolution than crystalline drugs. The current study aims to discover the relationship between the gelation of amorphous drugs and their abnormal dissolution, and further explore the internal gelation mechanism. Amorphous simvastatin (SIM), carvedilol (CAR), and irbesartan (IRB) were prepared by melt cooling method and characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Gel formation causes the dissolution of these three amorphous drugs to be significantly lower than their crystalline state. The formed gels were characterized as three-dimensional dense network structures by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, amorphous SIM, CAR and IRB showed the critical gel temperature at 8-15 ℃, 25-30 ℃ and 45-50 ℃, and amorphous CAR and IRB showed the critical gel pH at 1 and 0.25. The mechanism of gel formation was proposed to be closely related to the transformation of amorphous drugs into the supercooled liquid state (as the important driving force) and the protonation induced self-assembling under acidic conditions. In addition, the wettability and properties of amorphous drugs also affect the formation of gelation.
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BACKGROUND@#Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) had become widely employed therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease, stent restenosis limited the benefits of this revascularization and the question how to prevent such events remained unresolved. While numerous empirical observations suggested Tongguan Capsules (), a patented Chinese Medicine, could decrease frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks, evidence supporting its efficacy on restenosis remained inadequate.@*OBJECTIVE@#This trial was designed to determine whether Tongguan Capsules would reduce restenosis rate in patients after successful stent implantation.@*METHODS@#Approximately 400 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary stent deployment were enrolled and randomized to control group or Tongguan Capsules (4.5 g/d) for 3 months. All patients received standard anti-platelet, anti-coagulation and lipid-decreasing treatments, concurrently. The primary clinical endpoint was the 12-month incidence of the major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and recurrence of symptoms requiring additional revascularization). The angiographic end point was restenosis rate at 6 months.@*CONCLUSION@#This study would provide important evidence for the use of Tongguan Capsules in patients after stent implantation in combination with routine therapies, which may significantly reduce incidence of the restenosis so as to potentially improve the clinical outcomes. (registration number: ChiCTR-TRC- ChiCTR-IIR-17011407).
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the protective effects of Astragaloside IV (AST) in a rat model of myocardial injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).@*METHODS@#The model of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was induced by CLP. Using a random number table, 50 specific pathogen free grade of Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 5 groups: the sham group (sham), the model group (CLP, 18 h/72 h) and AST group (18 h/72 h). Except the sham group, the rats in other groups received CLP surgery to induce sepsis. CLP groups received intragastric administration with normal saline after CLP. AST groups received intragastric administration with AST solution (40 mg/kg) once a day. The levels of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers in the serum of the septic rats were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time point, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, high mobility group box-1 protein B1 (HMGB-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. Moreover, changes in myocardial pathology were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were analysed to determine the status of CLP-induced myocardium. In addition, the apotosis of myocardial cells was analysed by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), IκB kinase α (IKKα), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by Western blot analysis. Moreover, survival rate was investigated.@*RESULTS@#AST improved the survival rate of CLP-induced rats by up to 33.3% (P<0.05). The cardioprotective effect of AST was observed by increased ejection fraction, fractional shortening and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Subsequently, AST attenuated CLP-induced myocardial apoptosis and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the myocardium, as well as the histological alterations of myocardium (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the generation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, HMGB-1) and oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA) in the serum was significantly alleviated (P<0.01 or P<0.05). On the other hand, AST markedly suppressed CLP-induced accumulation of IKK-α and NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#AST plays a significant protective role in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and survival outcome. The possible mechanism of cardioprotection is dependent on the activation of the IKK/NF-κB pathway in cardiomyocytes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Diseases , NF-kappa B , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins , Sepsis/drug therapy , Triterpenes , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
The aim of this paper was to investigate the immunosuppressive effects of dihydroartemisinin and Huobahua compatibility in mice with delayed hypersensitivity and explore its possible mechanism. The delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) model in mice was established to observe the immunosuppressive effects of dihydroartemisinin and Huobahua compatibility in DTH mice. ELISA assay was used to detect the contents of interferon(IFN-γ); histopathological changes and degree of mononuclear infiltration of right ear tissues were examined by HE staining; the expression level of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the right ear of mice was detected by immunohistochemistry; the protein expression levels of p38 phospho mitogen activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK) was detected by Western blot analysis. As compared with the control group, the degree of ear swelling, thymus/spleen index, serum IFN-γ as well as the number and degree of infiltration of monocytes were significantly increased in the model group. As compared with the model group, the degree of ear swelling and thymus/spleen index of the mice in the combination group were significantly reduced; the number and degree of infiltration of monocytes were significantly relieved; the serum levels of IFN-γ and the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and ICAM-1 proteins in the right ear were also significantly reduced. The combination of dihydroartemisinin and Huobahua can significantly inhibit the DTH response, and it may regulate the production and secretion of related inflammatory factor IFN-γ by inhibiting the phosphorylation activity of p38 MAPK, thereby further reducing the expression of ICAM-1 and thus exerting the immunosuppressive effect.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Artemisinins , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics , Monocytes , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/geneticsABSTRACT
Two new furan fragment isomerized limonoids, meliazedalides A and B (compounds 1 and 2), were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach Linn.. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR data, which belonged to nimbolinin- and trichilin-class, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited weak inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC being 37.41 μmol·L.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fruit , Chemistry , Limonins , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Macrophages , Metabolism , Melia azedarach , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nitric Oxide , MetabolismABSTRACT
@#【Objective】To explore the image evaluation value of multi-model CT in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with Solitaire stent embolectomy. 【Methods】 A total of 62 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke from January 2015 to June 2016 in Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital were included in this study. Multi- model CT inspection,including CT scan(NCCT),CT angiography(CTA)and CT perfusion imaging(CTP),was performed in all patients within 3~8 h. The improved vascular TICI classification standard(mTICI)was used to assess vascular embolization,and we evaluated the responsible vessels and blood perfusion state by CTA and CTP blood vessels ,to determine the feasibility of embolectomy with Solitaire stent preliminarily. The patients underwent multi-mode CT examination 24 h after stent embolization to evaluate the responsible vessels. NIHSS was used to assess the neurological function at admission and 72 h after stent embolization.【Results】A total of 34 patients with indication of stent thrombus removal were selected by multi-mode CT examination from 62 patients. Re-examination of multi-mode CT after stent thrombus removal showed that 30 of the 34 cases(30/34,the successful rate was 88.2%)gained success in vascular recanalization. Before the stent thrombus removal of the 34 patients,CTP imaging showed ischemic penumbra(IP),and there was significant decrease in cerebral blood flow(CBF)and slight decrease in cerebral blood volume(CBV),significantly prolonged peak time (TTP) and mean transit time (MTT) compared with the contralateral image area. The difference is statistically significant(P < 0.01). After the stent thrombus removal,the relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)and relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)were elevated,the relative peak time(rTTP)and relative mean transit time(rMTT)were shortened. The difference is statistically significant(P < 0.01). Compared with admission,there is significant statistical difference in the NIHSS score of patients 72 h after operation(P < 0.01).【Conclusion】Multi-model CT has guiding effect and important evaluation value in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with Solitaire stent thrombolysis.
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Tadalafil (TD), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, has a low oral bioavailability due to its extremely poorly aqueous solubility. The aim of this study was to enhance its solubility and dissolution by coamorphization with dapoxetine (DP), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to manage premature ejaculation. Coamorphous TD-DP (molar ratio, 1:1) was prepared by solvent-evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The supersaturated dissolution of TD from coamorphous TD-DP was investigated in various aqueous media and compared to that of crystalline TD. In addition, physical stability of coamorphous system was also evaluated under the conditions of 40℃/75% relative humidity (RH) and 25℃/60% RH for 90 days. DSC thermogram and PXRD pattern indicated the formation of the coamorphous TD-DP. In comparison to original TD crystal, the dissolution of TD from coamorphous system were significantly enhanced in various media (water, 0.01 mol·L-1 HCl and pH 4.5 phosphate buffer). In addition, no crystallization phenomenon of the prepared coamorphous system was observed until 90 days' storage under 25℃/60% RH. However, when temperature and humidity were increased to 40℃/75% RH, the coamorphous TD-DP was recrystallized easily.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the in vivo effect of Danlou Tablet (, DLT) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DLT effects were evaluated in mouse heart preparation using 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24-h reperfusion and compared among sham group (n=6), I/R group (n=8), IPC group (ischemia preconditioning, n=6) and DLT group (I/R with DLT pretreatment for 3 days, 750 mg•kg•day, n=8). The effects of DLT were characterized in infarction size (IS) compared with risk region (RR) and left ventricle using the Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride double dye staining method in vivo. Furthermore, the dose-dependent effect of DLT on I/R injury was evaluated by double staining method. Five different concentrations of DLT (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 g•kg•day) were chosen in this study, and dose-response curve of DLT was obtained on these data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of IS to left ventricle was significantly smaller in the DLT and IPC groups than the I/R group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the ratio of IS to RR was also reduced in the DLT and IPC groups (P<0.01), while there were no differences in RR among the four groups (P>0.05). Experiments showed incidence of arrhythmias was reduced in the DLT group (P<0.01). Furthermore, DLT produced a dose-dependent inhibitory effect with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.225 g•kg•day.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our research concluded that DLT was effective in reducing I/R injury in mice, and provided experimental supports for the clinical use of DLT.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Body Temperature , Cardiotonic Agents , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Heart Rate , Heart Ventricles , Pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Risk Factors , TabletsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have many merits that embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells do not have, such as no tumorigenicity, rich sources, easy to obtain, low immunogenicity and no medical ethics limit. Therefore, hAECs are expected to be important seed cells for clinical transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of hAECs transplantation labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) in a mouse model of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. METHODS: hAECs from the human amniotic membrane were collected using enzymatic digestion, and morphology of cells was observed. Expression of keratin 19 in hAECs was detected by immunocytochemistry. Model of liver damage was made in mice by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride.Then,CFSE-labeled hAECs were injected into the liver damage mice via tail vein.Histopathological changes and liver function in mice were observed at 7 and 30 days after transplantation, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The high-purity hAECs were successfully isolated, which expressed keratin 19 shown by immunocytochemical staining. Frozen sections of immunoflrorescence showed that hAECs could be moved to the damaged liver, and exhibited remarkable repair effects on the liver function and histopathology in mice. These findings indicate that hAECs can be used for xenotransplantation and function to promote physiological recovery from liver injury, thereby providing experimental evidence for liver repair with cell transplantation.
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Etanercept has been shown to be effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Since most clinical trials examined etanercept in combination with other drugs,the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have not been well established.This prospective study enrolled 61 Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis to explore the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy.These patients were treated with etanercept at a subcutaneous dose of 25 mg,twice a week,for 12 weeks.All the 61 patients completed the treatment and showed significant improvement in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores.At 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment,the response rates (PASI75) were 0%,21.31%,and 40.98%,respectively.It was concluded that etanercept monotherapy is efficacious and safe for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
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AIM:To observe the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in the treatment of severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR),and to investigate the influence of the treatment on the prognosis of NPDR patients.METHODS:Totally 120 patients (227 eyes) with NPDR diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were randomly divided into observation group (60 cases,112 eyes) and control group (60 cases,115 eyes).Patients in the observation group were treated by PRP combined with anti-VEGF drugs,while patients the control group were treated with PRP alone.The clinical efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared.Before and after treatment,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT),levels of serum VEGF and angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) in the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS:The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,BCVA of the two groups in the time of 2wk,1,3 and 6mo after treatment improved significantly (P<0.05).And the BCVA of the observation group at each time point after treatment was better than that of the control group (P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the CMT and the levels of VEGF and Ang-2 in the observation group decreased significantly starting at 2wk after treatment (P< 0.05).While those in the control group decreased significantly starting at 1mo after treatment (P< 0.05).The levels of VEGF and Ang-2 in the observation group at each time point after treatment was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).CMT of the observation group were significantly lower than that of the control group in the time of 1,3 and 6mo after treatment (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:PRP combined with anti-VEGF drugs could effectively improve vision of NPDR patients,alleviate macular edema,and improve the clinical efficacy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association of genetic variants with characteristic symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A matched case-control study was performed to investigate the association between common variants in four genes (CDKAL1, GLIS3, GRK5, and TCF7L2) and symptoms of T2DM. Symptoms were examined with questionnaire for 710 subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cell by salting-out procedure. Genotyping was carried out by direct sequencing of the unpurified polymerase chain reaction products.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Most of the T2DM patients pressented characteristic symptoms, such as feeling weak in limbs (P =0.0057), hand tremor (P =0.0208), bradymasesis (P =0.0234), and polyuria (P =0.0051). Some of the T2DM patients shared characteristic symptoms, such as desire for cold drinks (P =0.0304), polyphagia (P =0.0051), and furred tongue (P =0.028). The impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cases took only one characteristic symptom of frequent micturition (P =0.0422). GLIS3 rs7034200 and GRK5 rs10886471 were significantly associated with increased T2DM risk (GLIS3 rs7034200 under dominant model: P=0.0307; GRK5 rs10886471 under recessive model: P=0.0092). However, only the rs10886471 polymorphism in GRK5 showed a significant effect on both differentiated symptoms and T2DM risk. The C-allele was involved in both dampness-heat encumbering Pi (Spleen) syndrome (P =0.047) and qi-yin deficiency syndrome (P =0.002) via increased GRK5 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both T2DM and IGR exhibited its corresponding characteristic symptoms. The variants of GRK5 were involved with both qi-yin deficiency syndrome and dampness-heat encumbering Pi syndrome.</p>