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Objective To study the changing trend of prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients in medical institutions of Hubei Province,and provide a scientific basis for improving HAI management.Methods The cross-sectional survey results of HAI in Hubei Province in 2010, 2012,and 2014 were analyzed.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2010,2012,and 2014 were 3.48%(1526/43909),3.03%(1919/63320),and 2.86%(2174/76145)respectively,which showed a downward trend,differ-ence was statistically significant(χ2 =36.44,P <0.01).Antimicrobial usage rate decreased from 54.29% (23838/43909)in 2010 to 41.02% (31238/76145)in 2014,difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2194.09,P <0.01).Among patients receiving therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents,the specimen detection rate increased from 30.49% (4297/14091)in 2010 to 52.13% (10556/20248)in 2014 (χ2 =1593.98,P <0.01).Conclusion The prevalence rate of HAI showed a downward trend in Hubei Province,cross-sectional survey on antimicrobial use showed a gradual decrease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the changing trend of prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) and antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients in medical institutions of Hubei Province,and provide a scientific basis for improving HAI management.Methods The cross-sectional survey results of HAI in Hubei Province in 2010, 2012,and 2014 were analyzed.Results The prevalence rates of HAI in 2010,2012,and 2014 were 3.48%(1526/43909),3.03%(1919/63320),and 2.86%(2174/76145)respectively,which showed a downward trend,differ-ence was statistically significant(χ2 =36.44,P <0.01).Antimicrobial usage rate decreased from 54.29% (23838/43909)in 2010 to 41.02% (31238/76145)in 2014,difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2194.09,P <0.01).Among patients receiving therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents,the specimen detection rate increased from 30.49% (4297/14091)in 2010 to 52.13% (10556/20248)in 2014 (χ2 =1593.98,P <0.01).Conclusion The prevalence rate of HAI showed a downward trend in Hubei Province,cross-sectional survey on antimicrobial use showed a gradual decrease.
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Objective: To investigate the impact of discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT) of aspirin combining clopidogrel within 5 days on peri-operative bleeding in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: A total of 2012 patients with off-pump CABG were retrospectively enrolled in our study including 1506 male and the mean age was at 61.92 years. All patients received regular DAPT previously and discontinued the medication≤5 days due to emergency or prior limited CABG. Based on the days from discontinued DAPT to operation, the patients were divided into 6 groups: 0-day group, n=220, 1-day group, n=240, 2-day group, n=360, 3-day group, n=332, 4-day group, n=428 and 5-day group, n=432. Relationships between risk factors of bleeding and discontinued DAPT time were studied. Results: Bleeding was defined by BARC (bleeding academic research consortium) standard. The incidences of bleeding events in 0-day group, 1-day group, 2-day group, 3-day group, 4-day group and 5-day group showed a decreasing trend as 29.1%, 24.6%,19.4%, 13.0%, 14.5% and 13.0% respectively, P<0.01. Post-operative chest drainage volume≥2L within 24h (P=0.13) and intracranial bleeding (P=0.60) had no obvious tendency changes; occurrence rates of 48h peri-operative transfusion≥5 U whole blood or red blood cells (P<0.01) and re-operation(P<0.01) had a decreasing trend by prolonged time of discontinued medication. The minor endpoint events were similar. Compared to (3-5) days discontinued medication, the patients with (0-2) days discontinued DAPT were with the higher incidences of overall bleeding, re-operation and 5U transfusion, the differences had statistical meaning. Conclusion: The incidence of bleeding presented a decreasing trend by prolonged time of discontinued DAPT before CABG;transfusion and re-operation had the statistical meaning for bleeding. Discontinued medication less than 3 days may increase bleeding events and therefore, in high risk patients, prior CABG discontinued medication should be more than 3 days.
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The public's correct knowledge of dementia is the important prerequisite of the early detection and early intervention.Currently,the dementia-related knowledge is mostly evaluated by using self-assessment scales.Fully understanding the applicable range and advantages and disadvantages of each scale has vital significance in guiding the choice of dementia-related knowledge assessment scale.This article introduces the assessment scales of dementia-related knowledge from scale description,psychometric indexes and scale evaluation,respectively.This article finds that the research on the China' s localization of dementia-related knowledge assessment scale needs further deepening and refining.By this way,the research could truly reflect the different levels of knowledge and deficiencies of the tested object and provide reference to improve the dementia management in China.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive method for the detection of malignant B lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who were considered as risk of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Nine CSF samples were collected and then centrifuged. The cell precipitate was lysed directly. The supernatant was used to detect immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement (characteristic changes of malignant B lymphocytes ) by BIOMED-2 PCR. The sensitivity of this method was compared with that of cytology defection and flow cytometry. In addition, through a series of quantity/concentration of tumor cells, the sensitivity differences caused by two sample handling methods (direct cell lysis vs traditional DNA extraction) were analyzed, and the sensitivity of direct cell lysis combined with BIOMED-2 PCR was evaluated. The results showed that the positive clonality of IgH gene rearrangement were detected by BIOMED-2 PCR in 5 cases, but the positive were detected by cytology defection/flow cytometry only in 2 cases, which indicated that the BIOMED-2 PCR assay gives a better yield. In addition, when combined with BIOMED-2 PCR, direct cell lysis produced sensitivity much higher than DNA extraction. The former can enable clonality detection from a minimum of 0.1%/20 tumor cells. It is concluded the method of direct cell lysis combined with BIOMED-2 PCR is sensitive and suitable for paucicellular CSF detection. It may aid the diagnosis of CNS involvement in patients with DLBCL.