ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the trans fatty acids content of processed foods frequently consumed by adults living in a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after the enactment of a mandatory trans fatty acids labelling policy. METHODS Between February 2014 and January 2015, a specifically dietary questionnaire was completed by 107 adults to assess the frequency of processed foods consumption. The most commonly consumed products from the survey, including vegetable oils, margarine, biscuits, snacks, cheese bread (pão de queijo), french fries, cheeseburger and ice cream, were then analyzed for their trans fatty acids content using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. RESULTS Differences in the levels of trans fatty acids were observed among 22 products analyzed, considering that trans fatty acids content ranged between 0.0 g/100 g in samples of cream cracker biscuit 1 and olive oil to 0.83 g/100 g in samples of cheeseburger (fast food), 0.51 g/100 g in samples of frozen pão de queijo and 12.92 g/100 g in samples of chocolate sandwich cookies with cream filling 2. The overall trans fatty acids content of the different samples of margarine brands was 0.20 g/100 g for brand 1 and 0.0 g/100 g for brand 2. These data are significantly lower than those observed in a survey conducted in 2003, when the regulation had been enacted. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Brazilian regulation is very likely implicated in the observed drop in trans fatty acids of the most processed foods but has yet to eliminate them, which reinforces the urgent need to revise the legislation, since a minimum amount of trans fat does not mean that the food product does not contain this type of fat.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Dietary Fats/analysis , Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Nutrition Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Trans Fatty Acids/analysis , Food Labeling/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nutrition Policy/trends , Food Labeling/standards , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados da série n-3 são importantes no desenvolvimento e funcionamento do sistema nervoso central. O ácido graxo docosahexaenóico (DHA; C22:6 n-3) está presente no leite materno, mas não na maioria das fórmulas lácteas comerciais. O objetivo da presente revisão foi examinar as principais informações na literatura científica com relação à essencialidade dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados da série n-3 (`alfa'-linolênico) e seu homólogo superior, o ácido docosahexaenóico, para o desenvolvimento, bem como o impacto da suplementação deste em formulações lácteas comerciais. Dadas as inúmeras controvérsias e limitações dos estudos até então realizados, não é possível afirmar se a inclusão de DHA nas formulações comerciais confere benefícios a curto ou longo-prazo para o desenvolvimento neuronal dos lactentes, que não possam ou simplesmente não recebem o leite materno...