Genomic structure of varicella-zoster virus and its vaccine application status / 中华预防医学杂志

With the determination of the whole genome sequence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) virus, the successful breakthrough of infectious cloning technology of VZV, and the emergence of effective preventive vaccines, which have been proven to be effective and safe, varicella has become a disease preventable by specific immunity. This article will review the genomic structure, epidemiological characteristics, and research application progress of varicella vaccine and herpes zoster vaccine of varicella zoster virus to provide reference for primary prevention of the disease.

Associated factors for health-seeking behavior among the residentsin Yiwu with cough for more than three weeks / 预防医学

Objective@#To explore the determinants for health-seeking behavior of the residents after cough for more than 3 weeks in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, in order to provide reference for prevention and control of respiratory diseases.@*Methods@#A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to recruit the community residents aged 5 years and above in Yiwu. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted to collect demographic information, features of cough and health-seeking behaviors in the past month. The multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the associated factors for health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks. @*Results@#Among 6 374 residents investigated, 152 cases had a cough for more than 3 weeks in the past month, accounting for 2.48%. They were( 45.00±21.15 ) years old, including 70 ( 46.05% ) males and 82 ( 53.95% ) females. About 58.55% ( 89 ) of them sought medical treatment. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=2.100, 95%CI: 1.005-4.391 ), middle school education level ( OR=0.406, 95%CI: 0.168-0.983 ), family annual income of 100 000 to 199 999 yuan ( OR=2.993, 95%CI: 1.215-7.373 ) were associated factors for health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks.@*Conclusion@#The rate of health-seeking behavior after a cough for more than 3 weeks among the residents in Yiwu is 58.55%, which is associated with gender, education level and income.

Organ specific differences in alteration of aquaporin expression in rats treated with sennoside A, senna anthraquinones and rhubarb anthraquinones / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Senna and rhubarb are classified as stimulative laxatives, and known to have similar effec?tive constituents, the anthraquinones. Being protected by theβ-glucoside bond, the anthraquinones can reach the intes?tines where they are degraded into complex metabolites by enzymes secreted from the intestinal microbiome. It is these complex metabolites that produce the laxative effects. Then the similarities and differences of action between the anthra?quinones require further elucidation. METHODS Here, we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones (SAQ), rhubarb anthraquinones (RAQ) and their chemical marker, sennoside A (SA), in a rat diarrhea model. In the in vitro biotransfor?mation experiments, SAQ, RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC. In the in vivo studies, the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction, with mea?surement of histopathology and multiple aquaporins (Aqps) gene expression in six organs. RESULTS SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites. A similar profile of Aqps down-regula?tion for all compounds was seen in the colon, suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation. However, in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats, down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats. Furthermore, the RAQ-rats showed lower aquaporin 2 (Aqp2) protein expression in the kidneys, whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys. This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases. CONCLUSION SAQ and RAQ showed similar laxative actions with a similar mechanism, they could display different actions in rat kidneys and livers. We suggest that the clinical usage of senna or rhubarb products should be clarified for patients having chronic kidney or liver diseases.

Effect of Ferula ferulaeoides on growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 transplantation tumor in nude mice / 中国中药杂志

In this paper,the effects of active fractions of Ferula ferulaeoides on the growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell MGC-803 transplantation tumor were systematically studied. The subcutaneous ectopic transplantation tumor model was established in human gastric cancer MGC-803 nude mice by cell suspension implantation method. The anti-tumor rate and organ index were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of the active fractions of F. ferulaeoides on the tumor-bearing nude mice. HE staining,TUNEL staining,RT-PCR,Western-blot and ELISA were used for pathological examination,apoptosis observation,and detection of apoptosis-related genes,proteins and cytokines expression. The results showed that as compared with the model group,the low,medium and high doses of the active fraction of F. ferulaeoides had inhibitory effects on xenografts in nude mice,respectively,in a dose-dependent manner; the apoptotic ratio was increased with the increase of drug concentration. As compared with the model group,F. ferulaeoides could down-regulate the expression of survivin mRNA in nude mice,and the protein expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in tumor tissues of nude mice could be increased to different degrees in F. ferulaeoides groups. The contents of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in plasma of nude mice were decreased in high dose group of F. ferulaeoides active fractions. The results indicated that F. ferulaeoides can significantly inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer MGC-803 subcutaneously transplanted tumor,and its mechanism may be related with down-regulating the expression of survivin mRNA,and up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.

2018 DMPK research progress in China / 药学学报

This paper summarizes research progresses of Chinese scholars in the field of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) in 2018. Chinese scholars focused on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, and carried out studies on the mechanisms of drug metabolism and transport of active molecules. Topics of research included regulatory mechanisms of drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters, and their implications in drug development and disease etiology or progression. Here, we summarized studies on drug toxicity based on drug metabolism or transport, rational drug use in the clinic, drug metabolism mediated by intestinal flora, metabolism of traditional Chinese medicines, and new technologies or models in DMPK. In recent years, the research focus of drug metabolism in China has transformed from serving for new drug discovery and rational use, to innovation driven and mechanism oriented research. The domestic research topics and technology utilization are gradually aligning with the international conventions.

Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on expression of NLRP3 inflamma-some in hepatocytes / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To evaluate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on the expression of NLRP3 in-flammasome in hepatocytes.METHODS:The hepatocytes L 02 and SMMC-7721 were used to establish the model of inflam-mation by stimulating with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at different concentrations in vitro.The expression of NLRP3 inflam-masome in the hepatocytes was detected by Western blot and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay for determining appropriate concentration of LPS.The hepatocytes were divided into 4 groups:the cells in control group were incubated with normal medium for 18.5 h;the cells in LPS group were incubated with normal medium for 0.5 h followed by 100 μg/L LPS for 18 h;the cells in LPS+H2 S group and H 2 S group were incubated with 200μmol/L sodium hydrosulfide hydrate(NaHS)for 0.5 h followed by 100 μg/L LPS or normal medium for 18 h,respectively.The protein expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the cells of every group was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group ,the protein expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 increased significantly in LPS group(P<0.05)and had no significant change in H2S group.Compared with LPS group,the protein expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in LPS+H2S group decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In hepatocytes,exogenous H2S suppresses the expression of NLRP3 inflamma-some.

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid from Isodon eriocalyx / 中草药

To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Isodon eriocalyx. Methods The chemical constituent of I. eriocalyx was separated and purified by chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by physicochemical characteristics and spectral data. Results One new compound was isolated from the stems and leaves of I. eriocalyx, and it was identified as 15β-acetoxy-1α-hydroxy-7α,20-epoxy-ent-kaur-16-en-6-one (1). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new ent-kaurane diterpenoid named as eriocalyxin H.

Helicobacter pylori Tipα protein induces IL-1β and IL-18 production in THP-1-drived macrophages through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome / 中国人兽共患病学报

We preliminarily investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) Tipa-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in PMA-differentiated human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1.PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with pure recombinant Tips protein.The secretion levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in supernatant of culture medium were detected by ELISA.Then we blocked MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathways by PDTC or the general ROS scavenger,NAC,respectively,and determined the secretion levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1.The results showed that Tips protein can significantly induced the secretion of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 in THP-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner.Levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18 approached their peaks at 6 h post-treatment by 40 μg/mL of Tipα protein (P＜0.05).Moreover,the blockade of NF-κB signaling pathway by PDTC can inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase-1.When THP-1 cells were pre-treated with ROS scavenger NAC,the Tipα-induced increased IL-1β and IL-18 secretion was obviously eliminated (P＜0.05),while TNF-α level had no significant difference,and the expression levels of Caspase-1 and NLRP3 also have a significant decrease.Our results demonstrated that Tipα can promote THP-1-drived macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-18,and the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway may be involved in the Tipα protein-induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion.

Effect of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A and its domains II on hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in mice / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the role of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and its domains I, II, and III in regulating gluconeogenesis in mice and the underlying mechanism.@*Methods@#A total of 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups. Recombinant lentiviral particles with specific expression of full-length NS5A, NS5A domain I, NS5A domain II, or NS5A domain III were injected via the caudal vein to establish a mouse model, and the group without injection and the group with the injection of the lentiviral particles containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were established as negative control. The effect of full-length NS5A protein and its domains on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FINS) were measured. Liver tissue was collected to prepare a paraffin section. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in hepatocytes, quantitative real-time PCR and/or Western blot were used to measure the expression of NS5A, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), and PEPCK.@*Results@#Compared with the group without injection and the group with the injection of the lentiviral particles containing EGFP, the groups with the injection of the lentiviral particles containing full-length NS5A and NS5A domain II had significant increases in FBG and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR showed a significant increase in the expression of PEPCK, a key enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis. Western blot showed that full-length NS5A protein and NS5A domain II inhibited the level of p-AMPK and increased the levels of SREBP-1 and PEPCK.@*Conclusion@#NS5A protein and NS5A domain II may affect glucose metabolism in hepatocytes in mice by regulating AMPK/SREBP-1/PEPCK, and NS5A domain II may play an important role in insulin resistance in hepatocytes caused by HCV infection.

The effectiveness evaluation of three packing methods for controlling sterilization wet package of medical apparatus by using non-woven fabrics / 中国医学装备

Objective: To explore the drying effect of pressure steam sterilization under different packing planes of non-woven fabrics so as to avoid the phenomenon of wet packages. Methods: 600 apparatus packages that packed by using non-woven fabrics were divided into A group(the packaging plane of apparatus bag used convex shape, that the center was higher and the periphery was lower), B group(The packaging plane of apparatus bag used horizontal shape) and C group (The packaging plane of apparatus bag used concave shape, that the center was lower and the periphery was higher)as random number table. All of the three groups adopted same package (the inner package was cotton and the outside package used non-woven fabrics of double-deck). Through pressure steam of impulse vacuum to achieve sterilization, and then the wet package rates of three groups were compared. Results: The wet package rates of the three groups were 1%, 8.5% and 37.5%, respectively, and the differences of wet package rates among the three groups were statistically significant (x2=10.135, P<0.05). Conclusion: The wet package rate of A group was lower than that of B group and C group, respectively. Therefore, this method of A group can ensure drying effect and guarantee the safety of clinical use.

Gender difference of attentional network in 5-year old children / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate gender differences in the attentional network in 5-year-old children.Methods:A totally of 70 healthy children [31 girls,(62.5 ± 2.6 months old;39 boys,(63.3 ± 2.8) months old] from the top class of kindergarten were enrolled in the study.A modified version of the Attention Network Test (ANT) was used to assess the attentional networks (alerting,orienting,and executive control).Results:The mean rate of accuracy was higher than 90％.A significant gender difference was found in the alerting network,boys scored higher than girls [(139 ± 54) ms vs.(109 ± 49) ms,P ＜ 0.05].No gender difference was found in the orienting or executive control networks (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that 5-year-old children are fully capable of completing the attentional networks test,and the 5-year-old boy's alert function may be stronger than that of girls.

Effect of Acupuncture of She Medicine on Cerebral Hemodynamics in Migraine Patients / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy of She medicine on cerebral hemodynamics in migraine patients, and to further verify its therapeutic efficacy and preliminarily reveal the action mechanism in treating migraine. Method 120 Eligible subjects were randomized into two groups. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture of She medicine, while the control group was intervened by Western medication, 10 d as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total at a 2-day interval. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was adopted to observe the average blood flow velocity of cerebral arteries before and after the treatment. Result The total effective rate was 82.8% in the treatment group versus 71.4% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) by rank-sum test. Before the treatment, the abnormity rate of cerebral artery blood flow was 62.8% in the treatment group versus 61.9% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05), indicating the comparability; after the treatment, the abnormity rate of cerebral artery blood flow was 25.9% in the treatment group versus 35.3% in the control group, and the between-group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture of She medicine is effective in treating migraine, and it can significantly improve the cerebral hemodynamics.

Observations on the Application of She Medicine Therapy to Rapid Rehabilitation after Lumbar Spinal Endoscopic Surgery / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of She medicine therapy in rehabilitation after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.Methods Sixty patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were allocated, using random number table method following registration order, to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received She medicine therapy and the control group, oral administration of conventional drugs. The excellent and good rate was observed in the two groups after treatment. Post-treatment active straight leg raising times and analgesic dosages were compared between the two groups.Results Active straight leg raising time was significantly advanced (P<0.01) and the number of potent analgesic uses was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the treatment group after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. The excellent and good rate was 93.3％ in the treatment group and 80.0％ in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion She medicine therapy can help rapid rehabilitation after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Comparison of the value of shear wave elastography and digital mammography in differential diagnosis of breast neoplasms / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To compare the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)and mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast neoplasms.Methods Totally 96 patients with breast tumor were randomly chosen and underwent SWE andmammography.The elastic maximum value (Emax)was obtained. Taking histological diagnosis as the golden standards,we compared the two techniques' sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value in diagnosis of breast tumors.Results The sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value of Emax were 91.3%,94.0%,92.7%,93.3% and 92.1%, respectively.The sensitivity and accuracy of E-max were significantly better than those of x-ray (both P <0.05 ). The area under the ROC curve of Emax was 0.983 (95% CI,0.963 to 0.998).Conclusion SWE outperforms mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.

Observation of postoperative psychological intervention combined with warfarin anticoagulation in patients with heart valve replacement / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effect of postoperative psychological intervention combined with warfarin anticoagulation in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Methods A total of 56 patients with heart valve replacement treated in our hospital from January 2015 to September 2016 were randomly selected as the research object.The amount of warfarin and the incidence of complications were discussed by psychological intervention and follow-up. Results 56 patients were successful visit, complications in 5 cases (8.92%), which accounted for 3 cases (5.35%) of bleeding, embolism accounted for 2 cases (3.57%), normal in 51 cases (91.07%), hemorrhage in prothrombin time, dosage of Hua Falin and the international normalized ratio was significantly higher than that of patients with embolism and normal patients, the differences was statistically significant (P<0.05); psychological intervention on the compliance of patients after Hua Falin used significantly. Conclusion In patients with heart valve replacement after long-term warfarin anticoagulation, the international normalized ratio remains in the range of 1.8~2.5 can meet the requirement of anticoagulant and reduce the incidence of complications, psychological care after the surgery, can effectively improve the compliance of warfarin, is conducive to the treatment of patients with.

Yinzhihuang supplementary illumination analysis of humanized nursing in the treatment of neonatal jaundice / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Yinzhihuang auxiliary light clinical effect of the treatment of neonatal jaundice, and analyze the treatment process right humanized nursing service measures. Methods 1100 children with jaundice from October 2015 to October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the study group (n=550) and the control group (n=550). The control group with jaundice in conventional treatment combined with blue light irradiation, the study group jaundice in the control group treated with Yinzhihuang oral liquid. The clinical efficacy of two groups of jaundice children was recorded, and the data were analyzed by statistical test (SPSS). Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment in children with jaundice in the study group (94.91%) was significantly better than that in the control group the total effective rate of clinical treatment was 70.36% (P<0.05). Conclusion In the blue light plus can rise to the ideal effect of adjuvant therapy of neonatal jaundice with Yinzhihuang oral liquid, can improve the patients clinical curative effect, combined with humanized nursing service or the prognosis and quality of life of children with strong support.

Observations on the Application of She Medicine Therapy to Rapid Rehabilitation after Lumbar Spinal Endoscopic Surgery / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of She medicine therapy in rehabilitation after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.Methods Sixty patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were allocated, using random number table method following registration order, to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The treatment group received She medicine therapy and the control group, oral administration of conventional drugs. The excellent and good rate was observed in the two groups after treatment. Post-treatment active straight leg raising times and analgesic dosages were compared between the two groups.Results Active straight leg raising time was significantly advanced (P<0.01) and the number of potent analgesic uses was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the treatment group after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. The excellent and good rate was 93.3％ in the treatment group and 80.0％ in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion She medicine therapy can help rapid rehabilitation after endoscopic surgery for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Comparison of the value of shear wave elastography and digital mammography in differential diagnosis of breast neoplasms / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To compare the value of shear wave elastography (SWE)and mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast neoplasms.Methods Totally 96 patients with breast tumor were randomly chosen and underwent SWE andmammography.The elastic maximum value (Emax)was obtained. Taking histological diagnosis as the golden standards,we compared the two techniques' sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value in diagnosis of breast tumors.Results The sensitivity,specificity, accuracy,positive and negative predictive value of Emax were 91.3%,94.0%,92.7%,93.3% and 92.1%, respectively.The sensitivity and accuracy of E-max were significantly better than those of x-ray (both P <0.05 ). The area under the ROC curve of Emax was 0.983 (95% CI,0.963 to 0.998).Conclusion SWE outperforms mammography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors.

Observation of postoperative psychological intervention combined with warfarin anticoagulation in patients with heart valve replacement / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effect of postoperative psychological intervention combined with warfarin anticoagulation in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. Methods A total of 56 patients with heart valve replacement treated in our hospital from January 2015 to September 2016 were randomly selected as the research object.The amount of warfarin and the incidence of complications were discussed by psychological intervention and follow-up. Results 56 patients were successful visit, complications in 5 cases (8.92%), which accounted for 3 cases (5.35%) of bleeding, embolism accounted for 2 cases (3.57%), normal in 51 cases (91.07%), hemorrhage in prothrombin time, dosage of Hua Falin and the international normalized ratio was significantly higher than that of patients with embolism and normal patients, the differences was statistically significant (P<0.05); psychological intervention on the compliance of patients after Hua Falin used significantly. Conclusion In patients with heart valve replacement after long-term warfarin anticoagulation, the international normalized ratio remains in the range of 1.8~2.5 can meet the requirement of anticoagulant and reduce the incidence of complications, psychological care after the surgery, can effectively improve the compliance of warfarin, is conducive to the treatment of patients with.

Yinzhihuang supplementary illumination analysis of humanized nursing in the treatment of neonatal jaundice / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Yinzhihuang auxiliary light clinical effect of the treatment of neonatal jaundice, and analyze the treatment process right humanized nursing service measures. Methods 1100 children with jaundice from October 2015 to October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the study group (n=550) and the control group (n=550). The control group with jaundice in conventional treatment combined with blue light irradiation, the study group jaundice in the control group treated with Yinzhihuang oral liquid. The clinical efficacy of two groups of jaundice children was recorded, and the data were analyzed by statistical test (SPSS). Results The total effective rate of clinical treatment in children with jaundice in the study group (94.91%) was significantly better than that in the control group the total effective rate of clinical treatment was 70.36% (P<0.05). Conclusion In the blue light plus can rise to the ideal effect of adjuvant therapy of neonatal jaundice with Yinzhihuang oral liquid, can improve the patients clinical curative effect, combined with humanized nursing service or the prognosis and quality of life of children with strong support.