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Objective To observe the effect of ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum block at lateral supra-arcuate ligament(QLB-LSAL)and transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)on analgesia and recovery quality after laparoscopic partial hepatectomy(LPH).Methods Fifty-eight patients underwent elective LPH were selected and divided into the quadratus lumborum group or the transversus abdominis group randomly,with 29 patients in each group.The quadratus lumborum group received bilateral QLB-LSAL,and the transversus abdominis group received bilateral subcostal TAPB block before surgery.Both groups received 20 mL of 0.33%ropivacaine on each side.All patients used patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)postoperatively.The numeric rating scale(NRS)scores for rest and movement were recorded at 2,4,6,12,24 and 48 hours postoperatively,as well as the Quality of Recovery-15(QoR-15)scores at 1 day preoperatively,1 and 3 days postoperatively.The perioperative anesthetic agent consumption,PCIA pressing frequency,remedial analgesia use in 48 h,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)incidence and time of first out-of-bed mobilization were also recorded.Results Compared with the transversus abdominis group,the quadratus lumborum group had lower movement NRS scores at 2,4,6,12,24 and 48 hours postoperatively,and lower rest NRS scores at 2,4,6,12 and 24 hours postoperatively(P＜0.05).The quadratus lumborum group had higher QoR-15 scores at 1 and 3 days postoperatively(P＜0.05).Patients in the quadratus lumborum group had reduced perioperative remifentanil and sufentanil consumption,postoperative 48-hour rescue analgesia use,PCIA pressing frequency,PONV incidence and time of first out-of-bed mobilization(P＜0.05).Conclusion QLB-LSAL block provides superior analgesic effects and recovery quality compared to TAPB block after LPH.
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Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency acupotomy in early and middle-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:A total of 62 patients with KOA were enrolled and then randomly divided into the radiofrequency acupuncture group and the control group. The two groups were treated with radiofrequency acupotomy and conventional acupotomy under ultrasound guidance, respectively. The treatments were conducted once a week, twice in total. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) of all the patients was evaluated before the treatment as well as the day, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the treatment.Results:Before the treatment, the differences between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score, WOMAC function score, and WOMAC total score were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), indicating the two groups were comparable. On the day, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the treatment, the above WOMAC scores of the two groups were lower than those before the treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The WOMAC scores of the radiofrequency acupotomy group were lower than those of the control group at the same period, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:For patients with early and middle-stage KOA, ultrasound-guided radiofrequency acupotomy therapy has proven clinical efficacy in relieving pain and improving knee joint function.
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Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods Seventy-two patients with HCM (observation group) and 72 healthy subjects (control group) in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were selected from January 2015 to October 2017. The 12-lead conventional electrocardiogram was performed on enrolled personnel in 2 groups to measure T-peak T-end (TpTe), correct the QT interval (QTc), QT interval dispersion (QTd) and TpTe/QTc. The observation group underwent 24 h dynamic electrocardiography. The patients were divided into ventricular arrhythmia subgroup and non- ventricular arrhythmia subgroup according to the results of 24 h dynamic electrocardiography, and the TpTe, QTc, QTd and TpTe/QTc were compared. Results The TpTe, QTc, QTd and TpTe/QTc in observation groups were significantly higher than those in control group:(112.5 ± 11.2) ms vs. (105.6 ± 9.2) ms, (396.5 ± 13.5) ms vs. (385.3 ± 12.5) ms, (36.5 ± 6.4) ms vs. (32.4 ± 5.4) ms and 0.289 ± 0.016 vs. 0.262 ± 0.015, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). In observation group, the 24 h dynamic electrocardiogram result showed that 47 patients had ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular arrhythmia subgroup) and 25 patients had not ventricular arrhythmia (non-ventricular arrhythmia subgroup). The TpTe, QTc, QTd and TpTe/QTc in ventricular arrhythmia subgroup were significantly higher than those in non-ventricular arrhythmia subgroup: (114.4 ± 14.5) ms vs. (110.3 ± 12.2) ms, (402.5 ± 15.2) ms vs. (392.0 ± 12.1) ms, (37.5 ± 6.2) ms vs. (35.4 ± 6.5) ms and 0.292 ± 0.016 vs. 0.285 ± 0.015, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions The values of TpTe, QTc, QTd and TpTe/QTc reflect the increase of transmural dispersion of repolarization in patients with HCM, and have a certain predictive effect on ventricular arrhythmia.
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Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol on emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy. Methods Sixty patients with severe emergence agitation during general anesthesia recovery period undergoing thoracotomy for esophageal cancer or pulmonary lobectomy, aged 66-75 years, falling into ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, were divided into three groups, 20 patients in each according to table of random number: group droperidol (group F) and group dexmedetomidine (group D) and group dexmedetomidine combining droperidol (group DF). In group F, 0.06 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein. In group D, 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. While in group DF, 0.03 mg/kg droperidol was administrated via central vein and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was pumped via central vein in 10 min, then followed by continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine in 0.2 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 1 h. The agitation scores and the Ramsay scores were collected after the beginning of anti-agitation. Arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide was tested. Postoperative complications including nausea and vomiting were recorded. Results Compared with group D, the agitation scores at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). Comparing with group F, the agitation scores at 60, 90 and 120 min in group DF were lower (P ＜ 0.05). The incidence of over-sedation in group DF and in group D was less than that in group F (P ＜ 0.05). PaCO2 was unaltered in all the groups after treatment. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension and respiration depression and long QT interval between the groups were comparable. Conclusion Combination of dexmedetomidine and droperidol is effective and safe in the treatment of agitation during sevoflurane general anesthesia recovery period in the elderly undergoing thoracotomy.
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"Shikuqin" [SKQ] powder consists of three Chinese herbs: Punica granatum L, Sophora flavescens Ait, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. SKQ has been used for the treatment of diarrhea. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of toxicity, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity and safety pharmacology of SKQ were evaluated in the present study. The result of the acute toxicity revealed that the LD50 of the valve was 28,379mg/kg.b.w, which was more than 5,000 mg/kg b.w. The 30-day sub-chronic toxicity test results revealed that compared with the control group, the clinical signs, hematology parameters and body weight of rats in each group had no significant differences. The viscera coefficient and histopathological examination results revealed that the SKQ powder could cause kidney and liver damage. In the safety pharmacology test, SKQ did not exhibit any toxicity to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In conclusion, SKQ powder could be considered safe for veterinary use
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Objective To investigate the compound rhubarb gallnut gargle combined periodontal treatment effect on inflammatory factors in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods 76 patients with chronic periodontitis from June 2014 to May 2015 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups,given periodontal treatment as control group,compound rhubarb gallnut gargle combined periodontal treatment as observation group,38 cases in each group,two groups were detected after treatment of gingival crevicular fluid levels of inflammation.Results After treatment,the gingival crevicular fluid of tumor necrosis factor-α(alpha TNF-α),high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and interleukin three(IL-6,IL-1 beta and IL-8)of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the observation group of inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The gingival index(GI)and gingival bleeding index(SBI)of the two groups were were lower than those before treatment,and the GI and SBI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of chronic periodontitis,compound rhubarb gallnut gargle combined periodontal basic treatment effect,can significantly reduce the level of inflammation.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of rutin, salvianolic acid B and ginsen-oside Rb1 in Xinning tablets. Methods:The samples were separated on a CAPCELL PAK MG(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm)column with gradient elution using acetonitrile(A) and 0. 1％ phosphoric acid(B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The col-umn temperature was set at 35℃. The wavelengths were set on 354nm, 286nm and 203 nm (in a wavelength switching mode). Re-sults:The linear range of rutin was 0. 0273-1. 3600 mg·ml-1(r =1. 0000), that of salvianolic acid B was 0. 0244-1. 2200 mg· ml-1(r=1.0000),and that of ginsenoside Rb1 was 0.0186-0.9310 mg·ml-1(r=0.9999), and the average recovery (n=6) was 102.3％ (RSD=1.1％),98.7％ (RSD=0.8％) and 101.7％ (RSD=1.8％)(n=6), respectively. Conclusion: A rapid, simple, accurate HPLC method is successfully established for the simultaneous determination of 3 effective components in Xinning tab-lets, which is helpful to the quality control of Xinning tablets.
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Objective To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with postpartum hemorrhage and the distribution of common pathogens, and to provide basis for reducing the infection incidence in patients with postpartum hemorrhage.Methods 134 patients with postpartum hemorrhage admitted from Jan. 2011 to Dec.2013 in our hospital were studied.The incidence of infection was observed in patients, and clinical data of patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression.The risk factors of infection were was observed and blood samples from infected patients were analyzed to observe the distribution of common patho-gens.Results Among the 134 cases, 42 cases had puerperal infection, accounting for 31.34%, and 4 cases had obstetric wound infection, accounting for 2.99%.Univariate analysis showed that advanced maternal age, high-risk pregnant women, midwifery or cesarean section, invasive treatment, and long hospital stay were risk factors for infection.Logistic regression analysis showed that high-risk pregnant women, midwifery or cesarean section, invasive treatment, and long hospital stay were independent risk factors for infection.52 pathogens were detected from 46 patients.28 Gram-positive bacteria were identified, of which 15 cases of were staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 28.85%and 22 Gram-negative bacteria were identified, of which 11 were escherichia co-li, accounting for 21.15%.Conclusions Gram-positive bacteria are the majority in patients with postpartum hemorrhage and infection.High-risk pregnant women, midwifery or cesarean section, invasive treatment, and long hospital stay are independent risk factors for infection.Puerperal infection also need to be noted when post-partum hemorrhage occurs.
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Objective evaluate the role of vagus nerve?muscarinic cholinergic receptor ( M recep?tor) pathway in mitigation of myocardial ischemia?reperfusion (I∕R) injury by intrathecal morphine postcon?ditioning in rats. Methods Seventy adult male Sprague?Dawley rats in which intrathecal catheters were suc?cessfully placed without complications, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly assigned into 7 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group), I∕R group, intrathecal morphine postconditioning group ( MP group) , vagal transection ( VT) group, VT+ intrathecal morphine postcondi?tioning group (VT+MP group), atropine (ATP, M receptor antagonist) + morphine postconditioning group ( ATP+MP group) , and ATP group. Myocardial I∕R was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Morphine ( 3μg∕kg, 10μl) was in?trathecally infused over 5 min starting from onset of reperfusion in MP group. Normal saline 10 μl was in?trathecally infused over 5 min starting from onset of reperfusion in NS group. The bilateral vagus nerves were transected at 10 min before reperfusion in VT+MP group. Atropine ( 0?1 mg∕kg, 0?5 ml) was intravenously infused over 5 min starting from 10 min before reperfusion in ATP+MP group. The occurrence of cardiac ar? rhythmia ( premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia ( VT)∕ventricular fibrilla?tion ( VF) ) within the first 30 min of reperfusion was recorded. The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reper?fusion, and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size ( IS) as a per?centage of area at risk (AAR). IS∕AAR ratio was calculated. Results Compared with Sham group, the number of PVCs and VT∕VF and IS∕AAR ratio were significantly increased in the other groups. Compared with I∕R group, the number of PVCs and VT∕VF and IS∕AAR ratio were significantly decreased in MP group. Compared with MP group, the number of PVCs and VT∕VF and IS∕AAR ratio were significantly in?creased in VT+MP and ATP+MP groups. Conclusion Vagus nerve?M receptor pathway is involved in miti?gation of myocardial I∕R injury by intrathecal morphine postconditioning in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-protein kinase G (PKG) signal transduction pathway in mitigation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by intrathecal morphine postconditioning in rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly assigned into 8 groups (n =6 each):normal saline group (NS group),morphine postconditioning group (Mp group),1-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME,NO synthase inhibitor) + morphine postconditioning group (L-NAME + MP group),ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor) + morphine postconditioning group (ODQ + MP group),KT5823 (PKG inhibitor) + morphine postconditioning group (KT5823 + MP group),L-NAME group,ODQ group and KT5823 group.Myocardial ischemia was induced by 30 min of occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery followed by 2 h of reperfusion.At 25 rin of ischemia,normal saline 10 μl was intrathecally infused over 5 min in group NS,and morphine (3 μg/kg,10 μl) was intrathecally infused over 5 min in group MP.L-NAME (30 nmol,10 μl),ODQ (11 nmol,10 μl) and KT5823 (20 pmol,10 μl) were intrathecally injected at 10 rin before morphine postconditioning in L-NAME + MP,ODQ + MP and KT5823 + MP groups,respectively.Before myocardial ischemia (T0),at 25 and 30 min of ischemia (T1-2),and at 120 min of reperfusion (T3),MAP and HR were recorded,and rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated.The rats were sacrificed at T3,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size as a percentage of area at risk (IS/AAR).Results MAP,HR and RPP were significantly lower at T1-3 than at T0 in each group.Compared with group NS,MAP was significantly increased at T3,and IS/AAR ratio was decreased in MP group,and no significant changes were found in the other groups.Compared with group MP,IS/AAR ratio was significantly increased in L-NAME + MP,ODQ + MP and KT5823 + MP groups,and no significant changes were found in the other groups.Conclusion NO-cGMP-PKG signal transduction pathway plays an important role in mitigation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by intrathecal morphine postconditioning in rats.
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Aim To investigate the role of NO/cGMP in the cardioprotective effects of intrathecal morphine preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfu-sion injury in rats. Method 54 Male Sprague-Dawley Rats were used to establish the model of intrathecal catheter placement. The rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups. SHAM (sham group), CON (control, sa-line) , ITMP ( intrathecal morphine preconditioning, 3μg·kg-1 ) , L-NAME+ITMP ( NO synthetase inhibi-tor,L-NAME ) , ODQ + ITMP ( guanylate cyclase in-hibitor, ODQ ) , KT5823 + ITMP ( PKG inhibitor, KT5823),L-NAME,ODQ,KT5823,6ratsineach group. ITMP were produced by three cycles of 5 min intrathecal injection of morphine and 5 min intermis-sion before myocardial ischemia, CON were achieved by intrathecal injection of saline in the same way, L-NAME+ITMP, ODQ +ITMP, KT5823 +ITMP were prepared by intrathecally administering L-NAME ( 30 nmol), ODQ(11 nmol) and KT5823(20 pmol) 10 minutes prior to ITMP respectively, L-NAME, ODQ, KT5823 worked as the control of inhibitors themselves respectively without ITMP. Subsequently, all rats were subjected to 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion except the SHAM group. Myocardial infarct size, as a percentage of the AAR, was determined by 2 , 3 , 5-triphenyltetrazolium stai-ning. Results Compared with CON, the volumes of IS and IS/AAR were reduced in ITMP ( P <0.01 );the protective effects of ITMP were abolished by pre-treatment with L-NAME, ODQ and KT5823 ( P <0.01 );Conclusions NO/cGMP might be involved in the cardioprotective effect of intrathecal morphine pre-conditioning against myocardial ischemia and reperfu-sion injury in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of limb ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in a rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-350 g,were randomized into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C); severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation group (HSR group); limb ischemic preconditioning group (group LIP).Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation was induced by withdrawing blood (50％ of the total blood volume) from the left common carotid artery over an interval of 1 h,and 30 min later the animals were then resuscitated by infusion of the shed blood via the jugular vein over 30 min.Limb ischemic preconditioning was induced by 4 cycles of 5 min limb ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion at 40 min before ischemia in LIP group.Before withdrawing blood (T0),immediately after the end of withdrawing blood (T1),before infusion of the shed blood (T2),and at 0,1 and 2 h after infusion of the shed blood (T3-5),mean artery pressure (MAP) was measured,the cardiac output (CO),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial performance index (MPI) were detected using color Vivid flow imaging,and total vessel density (TVD),perfusing vessel density (PVD),proportion of perfused vessels (PPV),microvascular flow index (MFI) of sublingual microcirculation were measured using sidestream dark-field imaging.The survival rates within 72 h after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation were recorded.Results Compared with C group,MAP,CO,LVEF,TVD,PVD,PPV and MFI were significantly decreased and MPI was increased at T1-5 in HSR group and at T1 and T2 in LIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with HSR group,MAP,CO,LVEF,TVD,PVD,PPV and MFI were significantly increased and MPI was decreased at T3-5,and the survival rate within 72 h was increased in LIP group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Limb ischemic preconditioning can significantly attenuate myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury induced by severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats and is helpful for prognosis.
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Comprehensive biochemistry experiment,which is interlocked and has difficulties in a certain degree,requires considerable knowledge,multiple techniques and long time.In order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment,biochemistry and molecular biology department of Hebei medical university has taken following measures in teaching preparation and teaching implementation:building a specialized laboratory;performing collective lesson preparation and pre-experiments;technical teaching;teaching with multimedia equipments;students submitting experimental preparatory reports before class and then completing the experiments in groups.These measures achieved the intended purpose of setting up a comprehensive experiment.
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Objective To compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine in inhibition of cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation. Methods One hundred and twenty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-60 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, scheduled for upper abdominal surgery, were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n = 30 each): control group (group C); low, median and high doses of dexmedetomidine groups (group M1-3) .In group M1-3, 15 min before anesthesia induction, dexmedetomidine 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 μg/kg were infused over 15 min respectively, while normal saline 15 ml was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C. After anesthesia induction, tracheal intubation was performed when the BIS value ≤ 60 and it was maintained for 5 s. The patients were mechanically ventilated. BP and HR were recorded before infusion of dexmedetomidine (T0), before intubation (T1), immediately after intubation (T2) and at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after intubation (T3-6). Venous blood samples were also taken at the same time to measure the plasma concentrations of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Results Compared with T0, HR was significantly decreased at T1 in group M1-3, BP was significantly increased at T1 in group M3, and the plasma concentrations of E and NE were significantly increased at T4-6 in group C and M1(P ＜0.05). BP and HR were significantly lower at T2, while higher at T3-5 in group C and M1than at T1 (P ＜ 0.05). BP at T1-6 was significantly higher in group M3 than in group M2 (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion When the dose of dexmedetomidine reaches 0.5 μg/kg, it may effectively inhibit the stress reaction to noxious stimulation.
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Objective To investigate the effect of pseudolaric acid B(PLAB) on growth of human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro.Methods The expression of PPAR? was detected by RT-PCR;the effect of PLAB on cell growth was tested by MTT;Hoechst33342/PI and DNA gel electrolysis were employed to examine apoptosis;cell cycle was checked by flow cytometry.Results When treated with 0.1～10 ?mmol/L PLAB for 72,the proliferation of MGC803 cells was significantly inhibited.The proportion of MGC803 cells at G2 phase was significantly increased when treated with 10 ?mmol/L PLAB after 48 h,and showed an apparent G2 phase arrest.After treatement with PLAB for 72,typical apoptotic changes were observed.The expression of PPAR? was at a low level in MGC803 cells and up-regulated when treated with 10 ?mmol/L PLAB for 48 h(P
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In order to meet the requirement of the innovation of higher education and fulfill the ideas of quality-oriented education, Biochemistry department of Hebei Medical University adopts PBL teaching approach.It is shown that PBL teaching approach can stimulate the students' interest and motivation in study,develop their self-study ability,activate their mind and improve the teaching quality.
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Objective To investigate the metabolic changes in free fatty acids in the livers of obese rats with type 2 diabetes.Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(Con group) and diabetes mellitus group(DM group),with 15 in each group.Rats in Con group and DM group were fed with normal diet and high-fat diet,respectively.Eight weeks later,OGTT and ISI test were performed to identify insulin resistance.Then the insulin-resistant rats received intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozocin(STZ) to induce type 2 diabetes.After giving high-fat diet further for six more weeks,8 rats of each group were sacrificed and artery blood and liver sample were obtained for further analysis.The mRNA levels of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1(DGAT1),carnitine palmitoyltransferaseⅠ(CPTⅠ),palmitoyl-CoA oxidase(ACOX1),D-bifunctional protein(DBP) and L-bifunctional protein(LBP),which were involved in fatty acids metabolism,were evaluated by RT-PCR.The protein level of DBP was evaluated by Western blotting Peroxisome fatty acids ?-oxidation was measured by spectrophotometry.Free fatty acids in blood and liver were determined by gas chromatography.Oil red staining was used to determine the fat accumulation in liver.Results The mRNA expressions of DGAT1,CPTⅠ,ACOX1 and LBP increased(P
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AIM:To study the effects of ischemic postconditioning on cerebral ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. METHODS: 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), MCAO+transient unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (u-CCA-O), MCAO+transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (b-CCA-O)(n=7, respectively). u-CCA-O/b- CCA-O was generated by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion plus transient unilateral/bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. After the suture was removed, ischemic postconditioning was performed by occluding CCA for 10s, reperfusion 10s, and then allowing for another 4 cycles of 10s of reperfusion and 10s of CCA occlusion. Rats were sacrificed 2 d later and infarct size was measured. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in different 15 time points: 0 min, 10 min, 1 h after MCA occlusion, 0 min after MCA reperfusion, 10s of CCA occlusion and 10s of CCA reperfusion in all five cycles, 30 min after MCA reperfusion. Functional neurological outcome was determined 1 h and 48 h after reperfusion. Infarct volume was measured 48 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: The infarct volumes in u-CCA-O group and b-CCA-O group diminished compared to the control group. The results of CBF demonstrated that b-CCA-O group diminished 9% compared with control and u-CCA-O group when 30 min after intervention. The rats in u-CCA-O and b-CCA-O group had better neurological performance at 1 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: Ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size, improves functional neurological outcome, most plausibly by diminishing cerebral blood flow.
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AIM: To investigate the role of mitochondrial ceramidase in mitochondrial functions, especially in the regulation of apoptosis. METHODS: pCDNA3.1/His-MtCDase plasmid, containing mitochondrial ceramidase cDNA sequence, was transfected into K562 cells by liposome, and G418 was used to screen the positive clones. A stable transfected K562 cell line was established and defined as ‘K562TC’. The differences between K562 and K562TC cells in serum withdrawal resistance and Bcl-2 protein expression were evaluated by annexin V/PI test, flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: K562TC cells with elevated Bcl-2 protein expression level identified by FCM or Western blotting showed stronger resistance to apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal than their parental cells. Inhibition of mitochondrial ceramidase expression in K562TC cells by its specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was correlated with a decrease in Bcl-2 protein level. N, N'-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase inhibitor, depleted intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) production, also abrogated Bcl-2 protein expression in K562TC cells, while exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate up-regulated Bcl-2 protein level in K562 cells. CONCLUSION: Mitochondrial ceramidase overexpression in K562 cells leads to markedly elevated level of Bcl-2 protein and results in more resistance to serum withdrawal. This effect is initiated not by sphingosine, the direct metabolite of mitochondrial ceramidase, but via sphingosine-1-phosphate, its phosphorylated form, indicating that mitochondrial ceramidase, through its sphingoid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate, up-regulates Bcl-2 protein expression in K562 cells.
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Aim To investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular morphine postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart and the mechanism of the central nervous system opioid receptor.Methods Forty-two Sprague-Dawley Rats were established intracerebroventricular catheter placement and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models and randomly assigned to 7 groups:Sham group(Sham),control group(CON),intravenous control group(VCON),morphine postconditioning group(POC),intracereborventricular morphine postconditioning group(MOC).According to the dosage of intracerebroventricular morphine(3 ?g?kg-1,0.3 ?g?kg-1,0.03 ?g?kg-1),MOC group was assigned to three groups :MOC 1,MOC 2,MOC 3.Infarct size(IS),a percentage of the area at risk(AAR) was determined by triphenyltetrazolium(TTC) staining.c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius was determined by immunohistochemical method and Cardiac TroponinI(cTnI) of serum was observed at 120 min of reperfusion.Results Compared with control group,IS,IS/AAR and cTnI were significantly reduced in POC and MOC groups(P0.05).c-fos expression in nucleus of tractus solitarius were significantly reduced in MOC 2,POC(P