ABSTRACT
Context: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste filling is largely used as intra-canal medication and can be combined with different vehicles. Removal of that paste should be preceded by obturation, to avoid the occurrence of apical microleakage. Aims: To evaluate the efficiency of removal of pulp Ca(OH)2, from using different vehicles (water, propylene glycol) and removal techniques (mechanical and ultrasonic). Study Design: Twenty-four premolars and four human incisors were prepared with step-back technique and divided into six groups according to the removal techniques and vehicles used: Group distilled water/mechanical removal, Group distilled water/ultrasonic removal, Group propylene/mechanical removal, Group propylene/ultrasonic removal, negative control group, and positive control group. The differences between groups were analyzed. Materials and Methods: The teeth were prepared by step-back technique. The samples were evaluated by stereomicroscopy, using a scoring system for the evaluation of residues in the canal. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney test was used to a comparison between groups with the same vehicle. For comparison between groups, regardless of the vehicle, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test, considering P < 0.05 for both tests. Results: Groups using distilled water or propylene glycol did not show statistically significant results. When the groups were compared, differences were detected between groups distilled water/propylene and mechanical removal/removal ultrasonic, with the first featuring superior performance. Conclusion: None of the removal techniques employed in this study was able to completely remove Ca(OH)2 from the root canal. However, the use of distilled water as a vehicle and ultrasonic removal presented the best performance. Key words: Calcium hydroxide, endodontics, root canal.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi contribuir com o estudo anatômico, morfométrico, ultraestrutural e propriedades físicas dos dentes permanentes do primata Sapajus apella. Para tal, foram utilizados 10 animais adultos e machos. Os dentes foram avaliados quanto ao seu comprimento e quanto à anatomia radicular externa e interna considerando número de raízes e canais, forma e direção radicular e forma do canal, assim como análise da densidade e diâmetro tubular do canal radicular, composição e microdureza dentinária. A anatomia radicular desse primata apresentou especificidades, como o número de raízes do segundo pré-molar superior e a presença do terceiro pré-molar. Quanto à densidade e o diâmetro dos túbulos dentinários, observou-se uma diminuição do número e diâmetro de túbulos ao longo do canal radicular, havendo diferença estatisticamente significante ao se comparar o terço apical com as regiões cervical e média, padrão de densidade e tamanho semelhantes a dentes humanos. Semelhanças também foram encontradas com dentes humanos quando comparados os valores de microdureza e proporção de elementos químicos encontrados na dentina radicular...
This paper aimed the anatomical study including morphometric, ultrastructural and physical properties of permanent teeth of Sapajus apella primate. Ten adult male monkeys were studied. The teeth were evaluated for their length, root anatomy (external and internal considering the number of roots and canals), direction and shape of the root canal, density and diameter of the tubular root canal, dentin microhardness, and composition. The root anatomy showed specificity regarding the number of roots of the second premolar and the presence of the third premolar. We observed a decrease in the number and diameter of dentinal tubules along the root canal, a statistically significant difference when compared with the apical and cervical regions. Similarities with human teeth were found in regard to microhardness values and proportion of chemical elements in the root dentin...