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Objective To understand the respiratory protection competency of staff in hospitals.Methods Staff from six hospitals of different levels and characteristics in Beijing were selected,including doctors,nurses,medical technicians,and servicers,to conduct knowledge assessment on respiratory protection competency.According to exposure risks of respiratory infectious diseases,based on actual cases and daily work scenarios,content of respira-tory protection competency assessment was designed from three aspects:identification of respiratory infectious di-seases,transmission routes and corresponding protection requirements,as well as correct selection and use of masks.The assessment included 6,6,and 8 knowledge points respectively,with 20 knowledge points in total,all of which were choice questions.For multiple-choice questions,full marks,partial marks,and no mark were given respective-ly if all options were correct,partial options were correct and without incorrect options,and partial options were correct but with incorrect options.Difficulty and discrimination analyses on question of each knowledge point was conducted based on classical test theory.Results The respiratory protection competency knowledge assessment for 326 staff members at different risk levels in 6 hospitals showed that concerning the 20 knowledge points,more than 60％participants got full marks for 6 points,while the proportion of full marks for other questions was relatively low.Less than 10％participants got full marks for the following 5 knowledge points:types of airborne diseases,types of droplet-borne diseases,conventional measures for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infec-tion with respiratory infectious diseases,indications for wearing respirators,and indications for wearing medical protective masks.Among the 20 knowledge questions,5,1,and 14 questions were relatively easy,medium,and difficult,respectively;6,1,4,and 9 questions were with discrimination levels of ≥0.4,0.30-0.39,0.20-0.29,and ≤0.19,respectively.Conclusion There is still much room for hospital staff to improve their respiratory protection competency,especially in the recognition of diseases with different transmission routes and the indications for wearing different types of masks.
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Objective To investigate the implementation of surveillance,prevention and control measures for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in maternal and child healthcare(MCH)institutions,and provide policy evi-dence for optimizing HAI prevention and control in MCH institutions.Methods Stratified sampling was conducted among the MCH institutions at provincial,municipal and county levels in 8 provinces/autonomous regions.A uni-fied questionnaire was designed and the online survey was conducted through"Questionnaire Star".Results The data from 123 MCH institutions were included in the analysis.90.24％of the MCH institutions carried out compre-hensive surveillance on HAI.The ratios of MCH institutions which implemented targeted surveillance on HAI in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU),surgical site infection,multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs)and HAI in intensive care units(non-NICU excluded)were 89.66％,85.96％,80.77％,and 74.19％,respectively.51.22％MCH institutions adopted information surveillance system on HAI cases.94.31％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on hand hygiene compliance.Over 90％MCH institutions carried out surveillance on environment hy-giene in high-risk departments.71.54％MCH institutions conducted centralized cleaning,disinfection,sterilization and supply for reusable medical instruments in the central sterile supply department(CSSD).Over 90％MCH insti-tutions established three-level pre-examination triage systems.86.18％set up transitional wards.MCH institutions generally adopted a management model with established effective communication,full appointment visits,and sepa-rate visits for special medical groups,such as registered pregnant women,high-risk newborns,healthcare groups,and long-term rehabilitation patients.However,the ratio of institutions conducting on-line follow-up visits was less than 50％.Conclusion MCH institutions have generally carried out comprehensive and targeted surveillance on HAI.Information surveillance need to be facilitated.Hand hygiene and environmental hygiene surveillance has been popularized to a certain extent at all levels of MCH institutions.The cleaning,disinfection,sterilization,and supply processes of reusable medical devices in a few MCH institutions are not standardized.Special medical populations get effective management.On-line healthcare is to be further promoted.
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In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic,thousands of health care wor- kers (HCWs)worldwide infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),some even have lost their lives.At the early stage of the epidemic,some Chinese HCWs were infected.Owing to limited knowledge of characteristics of SARS-CoV-2,more than 3,000 HCWs in Hubei Province contracted SARS-CoV-2 at the early stage of the outbreak.Due to overloaded work of HCWs in local hospitals,more than 42,000 HCWs (including HCWs from the military)were dispatched to Hubei Province from all over the country.At the peak of epidemic,one in 10 intensive care HCWs in China were working in Wuhan.During fighting against COVID-19 in China,although a certain number of HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the early stages of the epidemic, effective prevention was achieved through timely adoption of prevention measures,including fast diagnosis,timely isolation of patients,strengthening of HCWs'safety,intensified training on basic protective knowledge and unified management of HCWs,there was no report about infection among the 42,632 members of the national medical teams sent to Hubei,and the number of COVID-19 cases among HCWs in local hospitals also significantly de- creased,thereby indicating that healthcare-associated infection (HAI)of COVID-19 among HCWs are fully pre- ventable.This paper explores how to prevent HCWs from contracting SARS-CoV-2 through effective measures during the epidemic in Wuhan,China.
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No abstract available.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease , China , PedigreeABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of infection prevention and control measures on the management of rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Patients who were admitted in a hospital from 2011 to 2015 were as the research object,a series of infection prevention and control intervention measure were taken,efficacy of intervention measures were evaluated.Results After the implementation of comprehensive intervention measures,compliance rate of hand hygiene increased year by year,from 38.17 ％ in 2011 to 87.16 ％ in 2015,difference was statistically significant (x2 =48.50,P＜0.05).Incidence of healthcare-associated infection dropped from 1.45％ to 1.06％,difference was statistically significant (x2 =42.50,P＜0.05);antimicrobial use density in 2011-2015 were 63.1,44.4,40.0,40.8,and 40.5 respectively,which showed a decreasing tendency.Conclusion Effective infection prevention and control measures have obvious effect on promoting management of rational use of antimicrobial agents,it is helpful for reducing the clinical use density of antimicrobial agents.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on microcirculation of normal rat hindlimb skeletal muscle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen male Wistar rats were anesthetized and equally and randomly divided into PEO group (administered with 10 ppm PEO solution) and control group (administered with equal volume of normal saline). The PEO solution or saline was separately injected through the caudal vein at a constant rate of 5 ml/h for 20 minutes. Using short axis view at right mid thigh region, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before and after the administration of solution. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and central venous pressure were also monitored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the PEO group, after the administration of PEO, microcirculation capillary volume increased from (20.78±2.63) dB to (22.40±1.94) dB (P=0.023), red blood cell velocity from (0.27±0.08) s-1 to (0.35±0.13) s-1(P=0.010), and capillary blood flow from (5.65±1.81) dB/s to (7.91±3.28) dB/s (P=0.013). In the control group, there were no significant changes in microcirculation capillary volume, red blood cell velocity, and capillary blood flow (all Pþ0.05) after the injection of normal saline. The changes of heart rates, blood pressures and central venous pressure were not significant after the administration of either PEO or saline (all Pþ0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PEO can remarkably increase capillary volume, red blood cell velocity, and capillary blood flow in normal rat hindlimb skeletal muscle.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Hindlimb , Microcirculation , Muscle, Skeletal , Polyethylene Glycols , Pharmacology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hand hygiene (HH) compliance and its influencing factors in order to improve the HH of healthcare workers (HCWs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HH compliance of HCWs in randomly sampled departments in our hospital was observed and recorded single-blindly by specially-trained staffs using a uniform method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total compliance rate of HH of HCWs was 30.2%, which varied among different departments and posts, and working areas. It was significantly higher in ward doctors than in outpatient physicians (P < 0.01). However, the compliance was not significantly different among nurses in different departments (P > 0.05). The compliance of HH of HCWs after surgical procedures (40.4%) was significantly higher than that before procedures (19.6%) (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compliance of HH of HCWs remains low, which is somehow affected by factors such as departments, posts, and treatment modes.</p>